1. Chapters 10-12
•O B R A V E N E W W O R L D !
•A N I M A G I N E D P L A C E
•E C U M E N O P O L I S

2. Chapter 10
 Engineering and Technology
 The completion of the trans-Sierra portion of the
transcontinental railroad
 The development of the mining technology that led to the
Pelton turbine
 By the 1930’s Californians were taking the lead in
smashing the atom
 By the 1950’s Californians were bringing the digital
revolution
 Biotechnology, in which California has always led the
nation

3. Chapter 10
 Aviation in California
 August 18, 1883, on the edge of Otay Mesa south of San Diego,
brothers John and James Montgomery assembled a glider
 Besides the successful experimentation, this also confirmed
something vital to the state, that air travel (as engineering and
as in science) was entirely dwelled in the identity of California
 Over the next century, aviation would shape California, and
vice versa.
 By the Mid 1920’s a third of the aviation traffic was in the US

4. Chapter 10
 Electronics in California
 At Palo Alto California, new inventions would soon be making
a new world of transcontinental phone calls, radio, television,
and high speed electronics
 As well across the Bay in Berkeley, releasing the power of the
atom was also being studied. US Berkeley physics professor
Ernest Lawrence had developed by 1931 a cyclotron that
generated high energy beams that made possible the
exploration of the atomic nucleus
 Making computer power personally available was also a large
factor being played out in this new electronics age. Two
Californians by the names of Wozniak and Jobs has invented
that personal computer called the ―Apple‖.

5. Chapter 11
 As the 1930’s progressed, California began to make
its debut into the arts, and with the push from
technologies: film, radio, and television was
introduced.
 As well, art began to flourish and redefine itself in
California as an ―imagined‖ place.
 Painting was embracing Expressionism and
abstraction at this point, and then diversified itself
into many styles at the end of the century.

6. Chapter 11
 Motion Pictures wasn’t initially established in
California, yet as time went by they began to like Los
Angeles as a location and established a Selig
operation there.
 Not only did the Selig staff enjoy and appreciate the
warm Los Angeles Weather, but they also relished
the distance from Edison’s lawyers that were sent out
for their share of licensing and reel footage fees

7. Chapter 11
 Through the 1920’s and early 1930’s the film studios– such
as Fine Arts, Fox, Famous Players, and Metro Goldwyn-
Mayer, Warner Bros, Twentieth Century Fox, Paramount,
Universal, United Artists, and Columbia were managing to
hold to their own and develop as very sophisticated
corporations.
 Even though after many decades, what was amazing about
Hollywood was its inability to fall into any sort of slump,
and its connection with the masses was incredible.
 Photography in California entered the 20th century, and
was on its way to rid itself of the of the Pictorial style, and
find it’s equivalent of the Postimpressionism style present
in Painting at the time. Photography wanted to find its own
artistic value, and started within California.

8. Chapter 12
 One aspect California truly relies on for its
background and identity is it’s large array of ethnic
diversity
 American Californian was based and founded on
racial distinctions and repressions: the
―disenfranchisement‖ of Asians and blacks,
aggression against Mexican land titles, the lynch law
in Mines that had a special reference to Hispanics.
The Lynching of Chinese in Los Angeles in the
―Chinese Must Go!‖ Crusade, and the anti-Japanese
movement of ―White California‖ in San Francisco are
just some of the oppressions California has

9. Chapter 12
 In the 1990’s another issue arose: the flood of illegal
immigrants.
 the anxiety from Californian citizens rested on but
three issues: public aid to the immigrants,
affirmative action, and bilingual education.
 In the 1960’s reform of immigration laws due to
Kennedy administration, White California was
increasingly changing to a more ―yellow & brown‖.

10. Chapter 12
 As the anti-illegal campaign was gaining momentum,
it focused up on illegal’s from Mexico.
 Now as the Mexican American Californians were
becoming proud of their place in California and as
well as their identities, their bilingualism, their
culture, religion, family ties, and capacity for hard
work—this campaign was finally calling their place
and validity in California to question.
 Even though the distinction between legal and illegal
migrants was repeated, there were many who saw
the anti-illegal crusade as an opportunity to vent of
the pervasive dislike of the entire race.