1.
The Rock Cycle

2.
Igneous

3.
• Formed from molten rock (magma/lava) that has cooled
• Literally means “from fire”
Volcanic Eruption
Igneous Rock

4.
can become
***When the lava cools and turns into a solid, it can turn into quartz.
Liquid hot lava
As an example:

5.
Formed on top of the crust.
Small, hard to see crystals (cooled quickly)
Ex: Pumice, Obsidian
***No visible crystals in either rock

6.
When magma from below rises and punches
through, the minerals don’t have time to crystallize –
therefore, they produce rocks with small crystals.
Magma
(inside)
Lava Flow
(Outside)
Boom!
ash, gasses,
volcanic glass, etc.
The lava will quickly
cool into solid rock!
Other types of
rock can be
blasted out

7.
IGNEOUS - Extrusive
Little or NO Crystals!

8.
IGNEOUS - Extrusive
Little or NO Crystals!

9.
IGNEOUS - Extrusive
Little or NO Crystals!

10.
IGNEOUS - Extrusive
Little or NO Crystals!

11.
IGNEOUS - Extrusive
Little or NO Crystals!

12.
Formed inside the crust/mantle.
These types always have large visible
crystals. (cooled slowly)
Ex: Granite and Gabbro
This is a special kind of Granite
called: “Pink Granite”
***Notice that both rocks have
easy to see crystals

13.
Magma
When magma from below rises up, but does
not make it to the surface, the minerals start
to crystallize slowly and form large crystals.
Or not…
This became Granite
because it never made
it to the surface!
Notice the bulge that forms!
There might be an eruption soon!

14.
IGNEOUS - Intrusive
Large Interlocking Crystals!

15.
IGNEOUS - Intrusive
Large Interlocking Crystals!

16.
IGNEOUS - Intrusive
Large Interlocking Crystals!

17.
IGNEOUS - Intrusive
Large Interlocking Crystals!

18.
Sedimentary

19.
Formed by sediments (pieces of rock, shells,
and dead organisms) becoming “cemented”
(stuck) together.
Coal
Limestone
Sandstone
Conglomerate
***You can see lots of different stuff
stuck together in these rocks!

20.
1. Start at the
Surface
4. Sedimentation &
Deposition
5. Compaction &
Cementation
2. Weather (Break Up)
3. Erode (Carry Away)
© Beadle, 2009
Sediments worn away
gather here
Igneous rock
Layers of sand and sediments
Rain moves sand, dirt, and
rocks down to the ocean
Earth surface
Ocean

21.
Metamorphic

22.
 To “Morph” means to change it!
• They were once Igneous or
Sedimentary rocks that got buried
DEEP under ground.
• The heat and pressure from being
deep underground changed the
rocks.
• Has large, inter-grown crystals in
thin “bands” (Foliated) or clusters
(Non-Foliated).

23.
1. Get some pre-formed rock –
Igneous or Sedimentary will
do.
2a. Add Heat
“cook it”
3. Cool & (Re)-
Crystallize
4. Metamorphic
Rock!!!
Note: If it melts
completely and cools;
It will turn back into
an Igneous Rock
2b. Squeeze
(pressure) to
“Foliate”
Heat and pressure
Rocks are
“Morphed”

24.
Rock Cycle