Assignment: The Research Paper Your assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following options: Option 1. Argue for or against an established theory. Option 2. Argue for or against your own theory. Option 3. Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. The paper should cite approximately eight peer reviewed full text journal articles retrieved from ProQuest, BE & T, InfoTrac, and Academic OneFile. Your paper should integrate at least the following elements:  The presentation of a firm position regarding your stance or theory.  An offering of a strong position using evidence-based argumentation.  An address of opposing points as to present a well-rounded argument controlling personal biases and strengthening your argument while diminishing the opposition’s points.  An effort to use evidence and argument flow as to instill a sense of trust into your reader. Do you feel stuck while planning your argument? If so, then try jumpstarting the assignment by using the following steps: 1. Choose a stance you believe in and write down why you believe in the stance.  Ask yourself the following questions:  Who is my audience and which points will they be interested in?  What kind of tone am I assuming for my argument?  Does my tone match the audience? (If not, consider changing your tone.)  Am I engaging in a fallacy or illogical stance? (Make sure you make sense or no one will believe you!)  Would someone agree or disagree with me given my points? (Argue with yourself as to find the strengths and weaknesses of your stance.)  Am I making a moral or cultural argument? (If so, you may need to reconsider a stance able to utilize scholarly literature.)  Can I research my stance? (If not, you may need to consider a new stance.) 2. Research as to find the evidence needed to support your stance or theory. Seek the needed facts, quotes, and existing research you can use for your argument 3. Outline and write the essay starting with the evidence-supported defense of your points and slowly transition into an address of opposing points. 4. Provide a brief summary of the argument as to conclude the essay. Paper Requirements The analysis requires the additional components:  One nameless/anonymous or web reference.  Two APA formatted short quotes used to support the paper.  One APA formatted figure that you created that helps support your argument and research findings.  APA formatted paper including: o Font: Times New Roman, 12 point, and double spaced. o Margins: One inch margins, all around. o Indents: One-half inch indent as to begin a paragraph. o Proper APA citations and references. o Proper use of Level 1 headings as to label the introduction, main body, and conclusions segments. o Proper use of Level 2 headings as to label the sections within the main body and conclusions. ...

1. Assignment: The Research Paper
Your assignment is to create a 12-page
argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the
following options:
Option 1. Argue for or against an established theory.
Option 2. Argue for or against your own theory.
Option 3. Argue for or against a business decision,
organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or
concept related to the class.
The paper should cite approximately eight peer reviewed full
text journal articles retrieved from ProQuest, BE & T, InfoTrac,
and Academic OneFile. Your paper should integrate at least the
following elements:
theory.
-based
argumentation.
of opposing points as to present a well-rounded
argument controlling personal biases and strengthening your
argument while diminishing the opposition’s points.
sense of trust into your reader.
Do you feel stuck while planning your argument? If so, then try
jumpstarting the assignment by using the following steps:
1. Choose a stance you believe in and write down why you
believe in the stance.
my audience
and which points will they be interested in?
your tone.)

2. you make sense or no one will believe you!)
(Argue with yourself as to find the strengths and weaknesses of
your stance.)
need to reconsider a stance able to utilize scholarly literature.)
new stance.)
2. Research as to find the evidence needed to support your
stance or theory. Seek the needed facts, quotes, and existing
research you can use for your argument
3. Outline and write the essay starting with the evidence-
supported defense of your points and slowly transition into an
address of opposing points.
4. Provide a brief summary of the argument as to conclude the
essay.
Paper Requirements
The analysis requires the additional components:
your argument and research findings.
12 point, and double spaced.
o Margins: One inch margins, all around.
o Indents: One-half inch indent as to begin a paragraph.
o Proper APA citations and references.
o Proper use of Level 1 headings as to label the introduction,
main body, and conclusions segments.
o Proper use of Level 2 headings as to label the sections within
the main body and conclusions.
o A proper title page.
o A reference page utilizing hanging indents and alphabetized

3. by the last name of the first author.
me series designs employ many different types of intervention
models to determine the effectiveness of treatments. The
following sections are examples of the models most often used
in time series designs.
Simple Phase Change
The simplest method for determining the impact of an
intervention on a client is the simple phase change, or AB
design, where A represents the baseline condition and B
represents the intervention. Data collection during the baseline
phase includes measuring the frequency, duration, and/or
intensity of the client’s targeted behavior(s) before the
intervention. After baseline data are collected, the intervention
phase begins. The target behavior is again measured repeatedly
and recorded. Data from both the baseline and the intervention
phase are compared to determine the effectiveness of the
intervention.
collecting baseline data
Baseline consists of repeated measurements of the target
variable at equally spaced intervals over time. Considerations
must be given to the type of measurement collected, how the
measurements will be collected, the number of measurements
obtained, and the time interval between measurements.
Measurements can reflect the magnitude, duration, frequency, or
existence of a problem. Magnitude refers to the intensity or
severity of beliefs, attitudes, moods, or emotions. Duration
includes the length of time the problem occurs, while frequency
is the number of times the problem occurs within the specified
time period. Problem existence refers to the presence or absence
of behavior, symptom, or problem (Tripodi, 1994).
According to Blythe and Tripodi (1989), measurements for
baseline data can be obtained the following ways:

4. 1.Observing and gathering measurements during problem
assessment before any intervention.
2.Observing and gathering measurements on a specific problem
while a separate intervention is being used to address a different
problem than the one being baselined.
3.Reconstructing measurements based on archival data and
available records, such as school grades, absences, and
disciplinary referrals.
4.Gathering client’s recollections concerning targeted problem
through a questionnaire.
(Sheperis 104)
Sheperis, Carl J., J. Young, M. Daniels. Current View: US
Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed
Methods. Pearson Learning
Solution
s, 07/2009. VitalBook file.
The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation
for accuracy before use.
As a counseling researcher, you will need to ensure that enough
measurements are taken during baseline to establish stability. A
minimum of three points is needed to determine trends if the
measurements are similar (Barlow & Hersen, 1984; Jayaratne &
Levy, 1979). However, you should gather as many
measurements as needed to establish horizontal stability of the
target behavior. That is, the measurements should form a line
that is parallel to the x-axis on a graph (see Figure 8.6).
However, if the targeted behavior is getting worse, you can end

5. the baseline phase and begin the intervention without obtaining
horizontal stability (Tripodi, 1994).
The decision for selecting the appropriate time intervals for
measurement is based on your clinical judgment. The intervals
should reflect a sufficient amount of time that would allow
change to reasonably occur and should make clinical sense in
relation to the client’s problem (Tripodi, 1994). For example, if
measurements are taken every day, then data should be collected
for about one to two weeks to determine trends.
Baseline data can provide information for assessing specific
problems and evaluating interventions. The severity and
persistence of a specific problem can be clearly examined, thus
providing information for problem assessment. Baseline data
can also serve as a frame of reference for comparing
measurements before, during, and after an intervention to
measure its effectiveness (Bloom & Fischer, 1982).
intervention phase
Following the baseline phase, you would introduce an
intervention designed to meet the objective for treatment. You
may strive to achieve change through an intervention or may
actually desire no change if the intervention is used as a
prevention method. You should describe the intervention in
detail, including such information as names of person(s)
providing intervention, location, frequency, and duration of
intervention, and a description of the actual intervention

6. strategy (Tripodi, 1983). By clearly describing the intervention,
you can ensure consistent implementation of the intervention as
planned, thus increasing reliability and validity (Blythe &
Tripodi, 1989). You can design a checklist of intervention
guidelines to ensure consistent implementation (Blythe &
Tripodi, 1989) or develop a client questionnaire to determine if
you followed the guidelines (Tripodi, 1994).
Procedures for taking measurements during the intervention
phase must be consistent with those of the baseline phase. The
problem variables as well as the time between measurements
should be identical to that of the baseline phase. The number of
measurements taken during the intervention phase will vary,
depending on the following: when you expect to observe
changes (or lack of changes in the case of prevention) in the
problem variable; the extent to which the severity of the
problem variable deteriorates during intervention; or early
attainment of treatment objective. The number of measurements
taken during the intervention phase should demonstrate
persistent achievement of the treatment objective when
compared with a horizontally stable baseline (Barlow & Hersen,
1984). The absolute minimum number of measurements,
however, should be the same number taken during the baseline
phase (Tripodi, 1994) (see Figure 8.7).
(Sheperis 104-105)
Sheperis, Carl J., J. Young, M. Daniels. Current View: US

7. Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed
Methods. Pearson Learning