Research design decisions and be competent in the process of reliable data co...Stats Statswork
Research Design may be described as the researchers scheme of outlining the flow of his project. It is based on research design, that the researcher goes about gathering data to answer his research question. It enables the researcher to prioritize his work, create better questionnaires and arrive at conclusions with greater clarity. Statswork offers statistical services as per the requirements of the customers. When you Order statistical Services at Statswork, we promise you the following – Always on Time, outstanding customer support, and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
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Module 3 - CaseMethodology and FindingsCase AssignmentThe Ca.docxaudeleypearl
Module 3 - Case
Methodology and Findings
Case Assignment
The Case Assignments in this course are designed to assist you with the completion of the Doctoral Study Proposal. Each module will provide you with instructions and guidance on how to complete a component of the proposal. You are expected to follow the steps below:
· Review all module content, including the information provided on the module homepage
· Incorporate any changes into your Case 3 assignment based on instructor feedback from Case 2
· Use the track changes function in Word, so the instructor can follow the modifications you make to your document based on Case 2 feedback
Using the module content as a guide, draft the following sections:
First, incorporate the feedback received on your Module 2 Case 2 assignment and update the following sections to include those changes in your Case 3 assignment:
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Research Design
Significance of the Study
Next, draft the following sections:
Research Methods and Design
Research Site or Population
Population and Sample
Instrumentation
Section 3: Methodology and Findings
Research Methods and Design
Describe your overall research approach. Discuss why qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods have been selected to address your topic. Discuss the selected research design and justification for the selection of the design for your study.
Provide detail on your research design. Justify why the selected design is appropriate for the study.
Qualitative Research Designs
· Case Study: the school, program, job, etc. is the unit of analysis. May use interviews, observation, document analysis.
· Ethnographic/Qualitative Interview Study: the individual is the unit of analysis, 1:1 or focus group interviews are used
· Ethnography: the culture is the unit of analysis; observation, interviews and artifact collection (documents) are used.
· Narrative Study (or its pre-mutations): the story is the unit of analysis. Several individuals are interviewed in depth.
· Grounded Theory: variables needed to develop the theory are the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
· Phenomenological: the phenomena is the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
Quantitative Research Designs
· Experimental Research: To establish a possible “cause-and-effect” relationship between variables
· Types of experimental designs
· True experimental designs
· Quasi-experimental designs
· Pre-experimental designs
· Factorial designs
· Non-Experimental Research: To describe an existing condition
· Types of descriptive research
· Correlational research: to determine relationships between variables
· Causal-comparative research (aka ex post facto): to determine the “cause” for preexisting differences
· Survey research: to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population
· Cross-sectional survey designs
· Longitudinal survey designs
Research Hypotheses.
Module 3 - CaseMethodology and FindingsCase AssignmentThe Ca.docxroushhsiu
Module 3 - Case
Methodology and Findings
Case Assignment
The Case Assignments in this course are designed to assist you with the completion of the Doctoral Study Proposal. Each module will provide you with instructions and guidance on how to complete a component of the proposal. You are expected to follow the steps below:
· Review all module content, including the information provided on the module homepage
· Incorporate any changes into your Case 3 assignment based on instructor feedback from Case 2
· Use the track changes function in Word, so the instructor can follow the modifications you make to your document based on Case 2 feedback
Using the module content as a guide, draft the following sections:
First, incorporate the feedback received on your Module 2 Case 2 assignment and update the following sections to include those changes in your Case 3 assignment:
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Research Design
Significance of the Study
Next, draft the following sections:
Research Methods and Design
Research Site or Population
Population and Sample
Instrumentation
Section 3: Methodology and Findings
Research Methods and Design
Describe your overall research approach. Discuss why qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods have been selected to address your topic. Discuss the selected research design and justification for the selection of the design for your study.
Provide detail on your research design. Justify why the selected design is appropriate for the study.
Qualitative Research Designs
· Case Study: the school, program, job, etc. is the unit of analysis. May use interviews, observation, document analysis.
· Ethnographic/Qualitative Interview Study: the individual is the unit of analysis, 1:1 or focus group interviews are used
· Ethnography: the culture is the unit of analysis; observation, interviews and artifact collection (documents) are used.
· Narrative Study (or its pre-mutations): the story is the unit of analysis. Several individuals are interviewed in depth.
· Grounded Theory: variables needed to develop the theory are the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
· Phenomenological: the phenomena is the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
Quantitative Research Designs
· Experimental Research: To establish a possible “cause-and-effect” relationship between variables
· Types of experimental designs
· True experimental designs
· Quasi-experimental designs
· Pre-experimental designs
· Factorial designs
· Non-Experimental Research: To describe an existing condition
· Types of descriptive research
· Correlational research: to determine relationships between variables
· Causal-comparative research (aka ex post facto): to determine the “cause” for preexisting differences
· Survey research: to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population
· Cross-sectional survey designs
· Longitudinal survey designs
Research Hypotheses ...
An outline of the major components of the research proposal:
Cover Page:
Title (A case study of …….)
Purpose why the research is conducted
Name and Address of the investigator (Student researcher)
Name and Address of the advisor
Logo
Month and Place where the proposal is written
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
Background of the study: General to specific or deductive order is recommended
Statement of the problem: (Justification of the study)
Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Research Hypothesis:
1.3.1 Research Objectives – Ends to be met in conducting the research
This shows what the investigator will analyze and how;
What comparisons to make and at what level
General Objective: Often one statement directly related to the topic.
Specific Objectives: Often 3-5;
What the researcher want to achieve
What to analyze and compare
1.3.2 Research Questions – Questions to be answered to meet the research objectives or produce implications of the hypothesis.
1.3.3 Research Hypothesis (Optional) – Tentative propositions to be tested in the research.
1.4 Research Methodology:
1.4.1 Data Type and Source (Decide one of them or both by giving justifications)
Qualitative V/s Quantitative (Give reasons)
Primary Sources (Decide on which method or methods to use by stating justifiable reasons)
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Focus group discussions
Secondary Sources (Decide on which method or methods to use by stating justifiable reasons) and exactly state the sources from which you will get the data.
-Reports, manuals, internal publications, data base systems, Journals and Publications for assessing existing findings and internet.
-Books for assessing theories and principles related to the topic etc.
1.4.2 Study design:
Census V/s Survey (Decide which one to use and why?).
Survey Design (Decide on the survey designs to be used by investigator clearly stating the reasons for your decision).
Sample Size (Use the sample size determinations formula as a base and make adjustments with due regard to the target population and the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the population characteristics).
Sampling Design (Show how and why you are going to use the different techniques of probability and/or non-probability sampling techniques).
1.4.3 Data Collection:
State the data collection tool or tools to be used with necessary justifications written in the proposal.
Questionnaire design
Questionnaire testing or pretesting if necessary
What is Research design ?, types and method of Research Design.
This presentation i have given in seminar hall for MBA students why when and how it would be helpful for a manager while they go for any think to start any new project and what are the pros and cons of Research Design.
Research design decisions and be competent in the process of reliable data co...Stats Statswork
Research Design may be described as the researchers scheme of outlining the flow of his project. It is based on research design, that the researcher goes about gathering data to answer his research question. It enables the researcher to prioritize his work, create better questionnaires and arrive at conclusions with greater clarity. Statswork offers statistical services as per the requirements of the customers. When you Order statistical Services at Statswork, we promise you the following – Always on Time, outstanding customer support, and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Learn More: http://bit.ly/2S312hb
Why Statswork?
Plagiarism Free | Unlimited Support | Prompt Turnaround Times | Subject Matter Expertise | Experienced Bio-statisticians & Statisticians | Statistics Across Methodologies | Wide Range Of Tools & Technologies Supports | Tutoring Services | 24/7 Email Support | Recommended by Universities
Contact Us:
Website: www.statswork.com/
Email: info@statswork.com
UnitedKingdom: +44-1143520021
India: +91-4448137070
WhatsApp: +91-8754446690
Module 3 - CaseMethodology and FindingsCase AssignmentThe Ca.docxaudeleypearl
Module 3 - Case
Methodology and Findings
Case Assignment
The Case Assignments in this course are designed to assist you with the completion of the Doctoral Study Proposal. Each module will provide you with instructions and guidance on how to complete a component of the proposal. You are expected to follow the steps below:
· Review all module content, including the information provided on the module homepage
· Incorporate any changes into your Case 3 assignment based on instructor feedback from Case 2
· Use the track changes function in Word, so the instructor can follow the modifications you make to your document based on Case 2 feedback
Using the module content as a guide, draft the following sections:
First, incorporate the feedback received on your Module 2 Case 2 assignment and update the following sections to include those changes in your Case 3 assignment:
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Research Design
Significance of the Study
Next, draft the following sections:
Research Methods and Design
Research Site or Population
Population and Sample
Instrumentation
Section 3: Methodology and Findings
Research Methods and Design
Describe your overall research approach. Discuss why qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods have been selected to address your topic. Discuss the selected research design and justification for the selection of the design for your study.
Provide detail on your research design. Justify why the selected design is appropriate for the study.
Qualitative Research Designs
· Case Study: the school, program, job, etc. is the unit of analysis. May use interviews, observation, document analysis.
· Ethnographic/Qualitative Interview Study: the individual is the unit of analysis, 1:1 or focus group interviews are used
· Ethnography: the culture is the unit of analysis; observation, interviews and artifact collection (documents) are used.
· Narrative Study (or its pre-mutations): the story is the unit of analysis. Several individuals are interviewed in depth.
· Grounded Theory: variables needed to develop the theory are the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
· Phenomenological: the phenomena is the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
Quantitative Research Designs
· Experimental Research: To establish a possible “cause-and-effect” relationship between variables
· Types of experimental designs
· True experimental designs
· Quasi-experimental designs
· Pre-experimental designs
· Factorial designs
· Non-Experimental Research: To describe an existing condition
· Types of descriptive research
· Correlational research: to determine relationships between variables
· Causal-comparative research (aka ex post facto): to determine the “cause” for preexisting differences
· Survey research: to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population
· Cross-sectional survey designs
· Longitudinal survey designs
Research Hypotheses.
Module 3 - CaseMethodology and FindingsCase AssignmentThe Ca.docxroushhsiu
Module 3 - Case
Methodology and Findings
Case Assignment
The Case Assignments in this course are designed to assist you with the completion of the Doctoral Study Proposal. Each module will provide you with instructions and guidance on how to complete a component of the proposal. You are expected to follow the steps below:
· Review all module content, including the information provided on the module homepage
· Incorporate any changes into your Case 3 assignment based on instructor feedback from Case 2
· Use the track changes function in Word, so the instructor can follow the modifications you make to your document based on Case 2 feedback
Using the module content as a guide, draft the following sections:
First, incorporate the feedback received on your Module 2 Case 2 assignment and update the following sections to include those changes in your Case 3 assignment:
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Conceptual or Theoretical Framework
Research Design
Significance of the Study
Next, draft the following sections:
Research Methods and Design
Research Site or Population
Population and Sample
Instrumentation
Section 3: Methodology and Findings
Research Methods and Design
Describe your overall research approach. Discuss why qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods have been selected to address your topic. Discuss the selected research design and justification for the selection of the design for your study.
Provide detail on your research design. Justify why the selected design is appropriate for the study.
Qualitative Research Designs
· Case Study: the school, program, job, etc. is the unit of analysis. May use interviews, observation, document analysis.
· Ethnographic/Qualitative Interview Study: the individual is the unit of analysis, 1:1 or focus group interviews are used
· Ethnography: the culture is the unit of analysis; observation, interviews and artifact collection (documents) are used.
· Narrative Study (or its pre-mutations): the story is the unit of analysis. Several individuals are interviewed in depth.
· Grounded Theory: variables needed to develop the theory are the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
· Phenomenological: the phenomena is the unit of analysis; many 1:1 interviews are used.
Quantitative Research Designs
· Experimental Research: To establish a possible “cause-and-effect” relationship between variables
· Types of experimental designs
· True experimental designs
· Quasi-experimental designs
· Pre-experimental designs
· Factorial designs
· Non-Experimental Research: To describe an existing condition
· Types of descriptive research
· Correlational research: to determine relationships between variables
· Causal-comparative research (aka ex post facto): to determine the “cause” for preexisting differences
· Survey research: to describe the attitudes, opinions, behaviors, or characteristics of the population
· Cross-sectional survey designs
· Longitudinal survey designs
Research Hypotheses ...
An outline of the major components of the research proposal:
Cover Page:
Title (A case study of …….)
Purpose why the research is conducted
Name and Address of the investigator (Student researcher)
Name and Address of the advisor
Logo
Month and Place where the proposal is written
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Acronyms
Background of the study: General to specific or deductive order is recommended
Statement of the problem: (Justification of the study)
Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Research Hypothesis:
1.3.1 Research Objectives – Ends to be met in conducting the research
This shows what the investigator will analyze and how;
What comparisons to make and at what level
General Objective: Often one statement directly related to the topic.
Specific Objectives: Often 3-5;
What the researcher want to achieve
What to analyze and compare
1.3.2 Research Questions – Questions to be answered to meet the research objectives or produce implications of the hypothesis.
1.3.3 Research Hypothesis (Optional) – Tentative propositions to be tested in the research.
1.4 Research Methodology:
1.4.1 Data Type and Source (Decide one of them or both by giving justifications)
Qualitative V/s Quantitative (Give reasons)
Primary Sources (Decide on which method or methods to use by stating justifiable reasons)
Questionnaires
Interviews
Observations
Focus group discussions
Secondary Sources (Decide on which method or methods to use by stating justifiable reasons) and exactly state the sources from which you will get the data.
-Reports, manuals, internal publications, data base systems, Journals and Publications for assessing existing findings and internet.
-Books for assessing theories and principles related to the topic etc.
1.4.2 Study design:
Census V/s Survey (Decide which one to use and why?).
Survey Design (Decide on the survey designs to be used by investigator clearly stating the reasons for your decision).
Sample Size (Use the sample size determinations formula as a base and make adjustments with due regard to the target population and the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the population characteristics).
Sampling Design (Show how and why you are going to use the different techniques of probability and/or non-probability sampling techniques).
1.4.3 Data Collection:
State the data collection tool or tools to be used with necessary justifications written in the proposal.
Questionnaire design
Questionnaire testing or pretesting if necessary
What is Research design ?, types and method of Research Design.
This presentation i have given in seminar hall for MBA students why when and how it would be helpful for a manager while they go for any think to start any new project and what are the pros and cons of Research Design.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
3. Purposes of Research
Exploration
gaining some familiarity with a topic, discovering some of its
main dimensions, and possibly planning more structured
research
Description
Census Bureau’s report on number of Ethiopians
Political poll predicting who will win an election
Anthropologist’s ethnographic account of a preliterate tribe
Explanation
Take it one step further
4. Research ‘Musts’
Problem must be clearly recognized
Determine information already available and what
further information is required, as well as the best
approach for obtaining it
Obtain and assess information objectively to help
inform the decision
5. ‘Six’ Phases of Research
1. Problem definition
2. Literature review
3. Selection of research design, subjects, and data
collection techniques
4. Data gathering
5. Data processing and analysis
6. Implications, Conclusions, and Recommendations
6. Problem Definition
Describe broader context (background)
State the objectives or purposes
Inform reader about the scope of the study,
including defining any terms, limitations, or
restrictions
Reduces potential criticisms
State the hypothesis (es)
7. Literature Review
Gives theoretical rationale of problem being studied, what
research has been done and how it relates to the problem
Helpful to divide the literature into sub-topics for ease of
reading
Quality of literature should be assessed
Be sure to include well respected ‘individuals’ in the
research area (if they exist)
8. Selection of Research Design
The research design indicates the steps that will
need to be taken and the sequence they will occur
Each design can rely on one or more data collection
technique
Assess reliability and validity
Critical consideration in determining methodology
is the selection of subjects
9. Data Gathering
Must pretest
Design the sampling scheme
Questionnaires must be coded
10. Data processing and analysis
Describe demographics of the data
Compare behavior (if applicable)
Choose appropriate statistical technique (if applicable)
Look for patterns in data (if applicable)
11. Interpreting the Results
Make sure to consider the audience
Discuss implications for the population of
interest and future research
12. Operational Definitions
Variables first defined by conceptual definitions
that explain the concept the variable is trying to
capture
Variables then defined by operational definitions
which are definitions for how variable will be
measured
13. Language of Sampling
Population: entire collection of people/things
Parameter: # that results from measuring all units in
population
Sampling frame: specific data from which sample is drawn
Unit of analysis: type of object of interest
Sample: a subset of some of the units in the population
Statistic: # that results from measuring all units in the sample
14. Unit of Analysis
Major entity you are analyzing in your study
It is the type of object that makes up each data point
Individuals
Artifacts (books, photos, newspapers)
Geographical units
Social interactions
15. Unit of Analysis Error
In some studies people are allocated in groups, rather
than individually. When this is done, the unit of
allocation is different from the unit of analysis
(usually).
This is sometimes called a unit of analysis error.
It can result in studies having narrower confidence
intervals and receiving more weight than is appropriate.
16. Independent and Dependent Variables
independent variable is what
is manipulated
a treatment or program or
cause
‘Factor’
dependent variable is what is
affected by the independent
variable
effects or outcomes
‘Measure’
17. Research Design and Methodology
In general, a research design is like a blueprint for
the research.
Research Methodology concerns how the design is
implemented, how the research is carried out.
18. A few designs
Cross-Sectional Design
Longitudinal Design
Time Series Design
Panel Design
19. Cross-Sectional Design
A cross-sectional design is used for research that collects
data on relevant variables one time only from a variety of
people, subjects, or phenomena.
A cross-sectional designs provides a snapshot of the
variables included in the study, at one particular point in
time.
Cross-sectional designs generally use survey techniques
to gather data, for example, the Census.
20. Advantages: data on many variables, data from a large
number of subjects, data from dispersed subjects, data on
attitudes and behaviors, good for exploratory research,
generates hypotheses for future research, data useful to
many different researchers
Disadvantages: increased chances of error, increased cost
with more subjects and each location, cannot measure
change, cannot establish cause and effect, no control of
independent variable, difficult to rule out rival hypotheses,
static
21. Longitudinal Designs
A longitudinal design collects data over long periods of
time.
Measurements are taken on each variable over two or
more distinct time periods.
This allows the researcher to measure change in variables
over time.
22. Time Series Design
A Time Series Design collects data on the same
variable at regular intervals in the form of aggregate
measures of a population.
Time series designs are useful for:
establishing a baseline measure
describing changes over time
keeping track of trends
forecasting future (short term) trends
23. Advantages: data easy to collect, easy to present in graphs,
easy to interpret, can forecast short term trends
Disadvantages: data collection method may change over
time, difficult to show more than one variable at a
time, needs qualitative research to explain fluctuations,
assumes present trends will continue unchanged
24. Panel Designs
Panel Designs collect repeated measurements from the same
people or subjects over time.
Panel studies reveal changes at the individual level.
Advantages: reveals individual level changes, establishes time order of
variables, can show how relationships emerge
Disadvantages: difficult to obtain initial sample of subjects, difficult to
keep the same subjects over time, repeated measures may influence
subjects behavior