PSYC 355 Exam 1: SPSS Data Analysis and Statistical Tests

PSYC 355 Exam 1
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Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________
%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over
time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a
population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
8. The paired-samples t test has three assumptions, including all but:
9. We have learned three t tests, including all of the following except
10. The single-sample t test compares a sample mean to a population
mean when:
12. According to the null hypothesis, the mean difference for the
comparison distribution in a paired-samples t test is:
13. For an independent-samples t test, there were 14 participants in
Group 1 and 17 participants in Group 2. The total degrees of freedom
were:
14. A researcher conducts a single-sample t test and finds statistical
significance at the 0.01 level. The effect size is then calculated and
found to be 0.04. What might you conclude about the findings?
16. In an ______, one sample is compared to a population for which
we only know the mean during hypothesis testing.

22. The critical cutoffs for a two-tailed, paired-samples t test with
seven participants at a p level of 0.01 are:
24. Researchers were interested in whether relaxation training
decreases the number of headaches a person experiences. They
randomly assigned 20 participants to a control group or a relaxation
training group and noted the change in number of headaches each
group reported from the week before training to the week after
training. The dependent variable in this study is:
27. A clinical researcher was interested in determining whether his
interventions were effective in minimizing depression symptoms
among his participants. The assess the effectiveness of his treatment
program, he administered a depression inventory prior to his
treatment and after his treatment. He hypothesized that depression
scores would lower at a time two compared to time one. He then
compared the mean differences between the two groups and found
that his treatment was effective. The dependent variable in this study
is:
28. To determine our critical values or cutoffs for an independent-
samples t test, we use:
29. The formula H0: U1 = Uz is used to represent the:
30. Following are the results of an independent-samples t test: t(18) =
-2.11, p<0.05. In the current example, the degrees of freedom are:
34. A researcher investigates if the extent to which people care abuot
keeping their house clean and neat changes if they are given new
things in that home. He follows eight families that were selected to
receive home makeovers, assessing their cleanliness before the
makeover and after. Given the following confidence interval [-1.26,
095], make a decision about the hypothesis.
35. The formula for the null hypothesis for a paired-samples t test is:
36. Unnithan, Houser, and Fernhall (2006) were interested in whether
playing the game DDR affected the heart rate of overweight and
nonoverweight adolescents differently. A group of 22 adolescents, 10

classified as overweight and 12 as not overweight, played DDR for 12
minutes, during which time the researches measured each participants
heart rate. Which statistical test should the researchers use to analyze
their data?
37. The numerator (top portion) of the ratio for calculating all the t
statistics contains:
38. When scientists call a hypothesis test conservative, they mean that
it is:
39. the formula for the degrees of freedom for the dependent-samples
t test is:
40. In a paired-samples test, the comparison distribution of:
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PSYC 355 Lab Project Phase 2: Raw Data
Scoring
Instructions
How to Create SPSS Data File
Open a new data file in SPSS. You will create a file containing 1
variable for each item on the survey (for a total of 10). You will score
each individual survey and enter the values into the appropriate
column of the SPSS data file for later analysis.
How to Score Survey and Enter Results into Data File

All questions on the survey except the last one are written as Likert-
type items, with choices ranging from “Strongly agree” to “Strongly
disagree.” In order to enter these into the data file for analysis, each of
the answer choices will be given a corresponding score ranging from
1 to 5. NOTE: It is important to pay attention to the following
directions, as some of the items will be reverse-scored (see below).
1. Gather your completed surveys. It will be necessary to enter data
fromeach individual survey into SPSS. If you have used the online
method, you must follow these steps to access each individual survey:
Sign into your account and go to “My Surveys.” Your survey title will
appear with 3 icons to the right: Design, Collect, and Analyze. Click
on the pie graph under “Analyze.” This will take you to a Response
Summary page.
On the menu bar to the left, click on “Browse Responses.” This
allows you to view each individual survey, which is necessary in
order to enter and analyze data in SPSS. Within “Browse Responses,”
you can move from one individual survey to the next by clicking on
the “Next” and “Prev” arrow buttons at the top.
2. All items on the survey will be scored from 1 to 5 except for item
10. You will enter the scores for each survey into your SPSS data file
under the corresponding variable, case by case. If you have 10
surveys, you will have 10 cases (rows); if you have 25 surveys, 25
cases (rows), etc.
Scores for items 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9 are as follows:
Strongly agree = 5
Agree = 4
Neither agree nor disagree = 3
Disagree = 2
Strongly disagree = 1
Scores for items 4 and 6 are reversed. This is because, in opposition to
the other items, these items indicate a fundamentally different

worldview than the Christian worldview, so the scoring must be
reversed; this allows higher scores on all items to reflect an
understanding of Christian doctrine, while lower scores indicate
misunderstanding or disagreement. This is a method commonly used
in survey research.
Scores for items 4 and 6 are as follows:
Strongly agree = 1
Agree = 2
Neither agree nor disagree = 3
Disagree = 4
Strongly disagree = 5
For item 10, you will simply enter the exact number that the
respondent filled in on the survey (for example, 10 or 63, etc.) under
the appropriate variable in the SPSS data file.
3. Remember that the original research question is about the
relationship between church attendance and understanding of
Christian doctrine. We have one variable that represents church
attendance (item 10), but we do not have one sole variable to compare
it to—a total score that represents doctrinal understanding. Based on
what you have learned, how do you think we should create this
variable?
Answer: After you have entered all of your survey data, create a new
variable called Tot_Und (which is shorthand for “total
understanding”). Define this variable as the sum of items 1–9; see
Lesson 19 in Green & Salkind (2011) to review this procedure.
Refer to the “Lab Project Overview and Instructions” in addition to
this document when completing this phase.

Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of
Module/Week 4.
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PSYC 355 Lab Project Phase 3: SPSS Output
Lab Project Phase 3: SPSS Output Instructions
After completing Phase 2 of the Lab Project, you now have 2
important variables in relation to your research question: a score
representing understanding of Christian doctrine, and a variable
representing amount of church attendance. It is time for you to decide
how to analyze the data! Think about what the research question is
asking, and think about your 2 important variables. Then think about
the methods that you have learned over the past several weeks. Which
statistical test is the best choice for this particular situation? There is a
“right” answer to this question, so think carefully and review your
text and notes if necessary.
Once you have decided on which test is the best, you can run the
analysis just as you did in your SPSS homework assignments. You
are required to turn in the output file for your analysis and the related
SPSS generated graph (also covered in SPSS homework
assignments). You do not need to interpret these results, as this will
be done in Phase 4 (APA Results section).

Refer to the “Lab Project Overview and Instructions” in addition to
this document when completing this phase.
Module/Week 6.
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PSYC 355 SPSS CUMULATIVE
ASSESSMENT
SPSS Cumulative Assessment Instructions
The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5
tests you have learned so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-
test, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, or two-way
ANOVA. Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS
data file, just as you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework
assignment. There is only 1 correct choice of analysis for each
question. The assessment is open-book/open-notes.
For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must
include: A) the output and an appropriate graph from SPSS; B) a
statistical statement (i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p = .049); and C) a sentence
summarizing the results (i.e., “There was a significant difference
between the two groups on the variable…” or “There was no
significant difference…”).

For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make
statements for all main effects and interaction effects. Use the Fisher
LSD test for any analyses requiring post hoc tests.
Module/Week 5.
1. An entrepreneur claims that he has developed a program that
can increase the IQ of adolescent students. To test this claim, a
psychologist administers the WISC (an IQ score for children) to a
group of students before and after completing the training program.
Analyze the data to test the entrepreneur’s claim. (16 pts)
Student
IQ
before
IQ
after
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
103
85
94
106
74
98
83
93
103
96
109
115
86
99
89
90
108
74
99
80
99
107
93
111
117
83

14
15
16
17
18
122
112
126
118
72
122
120
131
116
74
2. The staff at a local psychiatric facility wants to determine
whether implementing a No Smoking rule significantly decreases the
length of stay of inpatients. In order to test this claim, they compared
the length of stay of patients admitted before a No Smoking rule was
implemented to another group of patients admitted after the No
Smoking rule was implemented. Evaluate the claim that the average
length of stay was significantly shorter for the group admitted after
the facility implemented the rule. (16 pts)
Smoking
Allowed
No
Smoking
8
5
2
5
8
6
4
14
7
15
12
8
4
13
10
8
5
10
7
8
2
3
2
4
4
8
4
5
2
4
6
7

3. Depressed patients are randomly assigned to 1 of 3 therapists.
At the end of 3 months, each patient completes a standardized test of
depression (higher scores indicate higher level of depression). The
patients’ scores are shown below. Analyze the data to determine how
effective these 3 therapists are at treating depression (assume that
before the treatment, all 3 groups of patients had the same average
depression score). (16 pts)
Therapist
1
Therapist
2
Therapist
3
35
37
35
37
36
33
39
36
37
37
31
39
35
32
29
32
25
28
33
30
32
4. In light of all the weight loss misinformation and fad diets, a
medical researcher determines to evaluate several of them. She
randomly assigns volunteers (identified as clinically obese) to 1 of 4
diets. She is a firm believer in the benefits of exercise, so she also
assigns them to either the exercise or no exercise group. After 3
months, she compares the pounds lost for each condition. Was there a
significant effect of the diets and exercise on weight loss? (16 pts)
Low
Carb
South
Beach
Adkins
Weight
Watchers
26 28 25 28

Exercise
28
30
25
20
22
18
21
24
29
28
30
25
26
No
Exercise
15
20
18
18
12
15
15
17
19
28
25
21
34
25
30
28
5. Infants exposed to cocaine in their mother’s womb are thought
to be at high risk for major birth defects. Thirteen infants born to
mothers who are addicted to cocaine are administered the Brazelton
Neonatal Assessment 1 day after birth. For these babies, their scores
were as follows:
Brazelton
Scores
6.25
4.50
8.50
5.50
3.00
7.90
7.50

5.30
6.80
7.50
5.25
7.45
6.80
For the general population, babies normally score an 8.5. Is this group
of babies significantly lower than normal? (16 pts)
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PSYC 355 Week 1 SPSS Homework 1
SPSS Homework 1 Instructions
Single-Sample t-Tests and Paired-Sample t-Tests
Part 1:
Note that for all problems in this course, the standard cutoff for a
test of significance will be p < .05 unless otherwise noted in the
problem.
Homework files are found in Blackboard Course Content > Syllabus
and Assignment Instructions > Assignment Instructions > SPSS
Homework 1 > SPSS Homework Files (select the particular number

for the module/week you are working on). Always use the Blackboard
files instead of the files on the Green & Salkind website as some files
have been modified for the purposes of this course.
1. Single-Sample t-Test: Based on Green & Salkind - Lesson 22,
Exercises 1–4 (Mod1_Lesson 22 Exercise File 1), but follow the
instructions below instead.
A total score variable is included in the data file in Blackboard
(“tot_score”), so you do not have to compute it. Use this variable as
your dependent variable.
The test value for the single-sample t-test is 2 (1/4 of 8, or the score
which a student would achieve by chance). Use 2 as the test value
when running the analysis for this exercise.
Conduct a single-sample t-test on the total score variable. Paste the
output into your Word document and type in the answers to the
following questions underneath the output: (2 pts for output)
Mean algebra score (2 pts)
t-test value (2 pts)
p value (significance) of the test (2 pts)
Write a Results section in current APA style based on your analyses.
(3 pts)
Create a histogram that demonstrates the distribution of scores. Be
sure to correctly label the X and Y axes. (3 pts)
2. Green & Salkind: Lesson 23, Exercises 6–8: (Lesson 23,
Exercise File 1)
The following helpful tips are numbered to correspond with the
exercise number to which they refer within the Green & Salkind text:
Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states,
write them into your Word file as written answers for #6 a, b, c, and d.
(2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–d)

All homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in
the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in
Current APA Format” (Note: you do not have to refer to a figure). (4
pts)
You will create the boxplot here instead of in the Results section. (2
pts)
Part 2:
A counseling psychologist administers an interview assessment that
screens for possible internet addiction to his adolescent clients who
live in a rural area. He assumes that children in this area may
exhibit higherscores than children in the general population, who
normally score a 25on a scale of 1–100. The table below shows the
scores the counselor has collected.
Using the table, enter the data into a new SPSS file and conduct a
single sample t-test to evaluate whether or not these adolescents
scored higher than the general population.
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in
Part One of the assignment—the only difference is that you are now
responsible for creating the data file as well. Remember to name and
define your variables under the “Variable View,” then return to the
“Data View” to enter the data.
Paste SPSS output (2 pts)
Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
homework “Results sections” should follow the example given in the
SPSS tutorials and the Course Content document “Writing Results of
Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (3
pts)
Create a histogram that demonstrates the distribution of scores. Be
sure to correctly label the X and Y axes. (2 pts)

2. A clinical psychologist is studying the differences in the number of
Facebook® friends between identical twins raised apart. She believes
that twins raised in different environments will have differences in the
number of friends, which would help point to the influence of
environmental factors over inherited factors on social outcomes. She
divides the twins into two groups (“Twin 1” and “Twin 2”), collects
the data and creates the table below.
Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run
a paired-samples t test to test the claim that the identical twins
raised apart will have a significantly different number of
Facebook® friends.
a) Paste SPSS output (2 pts)
b) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analysis.
the SPSS tutorials and the Course Content document “Writing Results
of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to
a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis.
(2 pts)
c) Create a boxplot comparing the twins’ scores. Be sure to correctly
label the X and Y axes. (2 pts)
Module/Week 1.
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Independent Samples t-Tests
Part 1:
Green & Salkind: Lesson 24, Exercises 1–5
exercise number to which they refer:
1. Type these values out underneath your copied and pasted output.
(3 pts)
2. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text
states, write them in your Word file as written answers for #2 a, b,
and c. (3 pts, 1 point for each letter)
3. The effect size statistic must be computed by hand (or
calculator). Use the second “easier” formula for d, found in the
section on Effect Size Statistics in this lesson. (3 pts)
4. All homework “Results sections” must follow the example
given in the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical
Tests in Current APA Format” (Note: you do not have to refer to a
figure). (3 pts)
5. Create a boxplot (not an error bar graph) using the following
steps (covered also in Lesson 21). (3 pts)
Go to Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Boxplot > Select “Simple” > Select
“Summaries for Groups of Cases”

Click “Define” and Variable = “Time Spent” (this is your dependent
variable) and Category Axis = “Weight” (this is your independent, or
grouping, variable)
Click OK
Part 2:
1. A learning psychologist is interested in comparing the success of 2
different mnemonics (memorization methods) on performance in a
memory task. He assigns students to two groups, one which learns
and uses a language-based rhyming memory technique, and one
which learns and uses a visual “method of loci” spatial memory
technique. He then administers a memory task to each group of
students. The students are scored based on the percentage of correct
answers. Using the table below, enter the data into a new SPSS
data file and use an independent-samples t test to analyze the
claim that the two mnemonic styles are different.
Part 1 of the assignment—the only difference is that you are now
“Data View” to enter the data. (3 for output)
Table is shown on following page.
Language-
Based
82
89
67
94
76
63
89
84

93
Spatially-
Based
93
78
99
87
78
62
87
91
95
2. Create a boxplot illustrating the differences between the two
methods of language learning. (3)
3. Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses.
(4)
Part 3: Cumulative Homework
1. The effects of a new faith-based anxiety treatment program are
studied in a group of elderly patients with Generalized Anxiety
Disorder (GAD). One of the outcome measures is the Geriatric
Anxiety Inventory (GAI) (Pachana et al., 2007), a measure with
possible scores from 0–20, with higher scores indicating higher
anxiety. A large group of elderly patients completed the GAI before
treatment. Fifteen patients with GAI scores of 10 or higher were
chosen to participate in the study. The patients underwent the

treatment program and completed the GAI at the end of treatment.
The scores are listed below. Do the elderly patients exhibit lessened
anxiety, as demonstrated by their GAI scores, after participating in the
faith-based treatment program? Choose the correct test to analyze this
question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the
directions under the table below.
GAI Score
Before
Treatment
GAI Score
After
Treatment
10
12
17
13
10
13
16
11
11
15
18
11
11
14
15
7
11
12
14
9
10
12
11
13
13
17
9
13
10
12
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (5)

2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (5)
3. Write a current APA-style Results section based on your
analyses. All homework “Results sections” should follow the example
given in the SPSS tutorials and the Course Content document
“Writing Results of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do
not have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about
the null hypothesis. (5)
This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of
Module/Week 2.
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SPSS HOMEWORK 3 INSTRUCTIONS
ONE-WAY ANOVA
Part 1:
exercise number to which they refer (a dash indicates that no tips are
needed):
1. Use Tukey’s test as the post hoc test for ANOVAs in PSYC 355.
Be sure to check this box when you run analyses. For letters a–d,

instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states,
write them into your Word file as written answers for #1 a, b, c, and d.
(2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–d)
2. ---------- (3 pts)
3. Remember to put your dependent variable in the “variable” box,
and your independent, or grouping, variables in the “category axis”
box. (3 pts)
Part 2:
1. Twenty-four adults who have been diagnosed with social anxiety
disorder are randomly assigned to one of 3 group therapy conditions
in order to improve their social skills: manualized cognitive-
behavioral therapy (MCBT), non-manualized cognitive-behavioral
therapy (NMCBT), and talk therapy (T). Following two months of
therapy, the participants are assessed on a standardized measure of
social skills. On this instrument, scores range from 0–45, and higher
scores indicate better or improved social skills, while lower scores
indicate social skills that need improvement. These scores are shown
in the table below. Conduct a one-way ANOVA to determine how
effective these 3 therapy conditions are at improving social skills.
“Data View” to enter the data. (3)
MCBT
29, 32, 26, 33, 32,
37, 30, 38
NMCBT 31, 30, 28, 26, 31,
27, 29, 27

T
25, 20, 24, 26, 26,
30, 27, 25
2. What is the F ratio for the therapy group main effect? (3)
3. What is the effect size for the overall effect of therapy type on
social skills scores? According to general conventions, is this effect
small, medium, or large? (3)
(3)
1. A researcher wanted to investigate whether there was a difference
in satisfaction ratings in an assisted living facility between residents
who had a plant to take care of vs. those who did not have a plant.
Due to relocations during the study, 3 participants were dropped from
the “No Plant” group. The researcher then administered a scale asking
them to rate their overall satisfaction with the facility. Did having a
plant have an impact on the residents’ overall satisfaction levels?
Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file,
and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below (on
next page).

Plant
47
42
35
46
49
39
40
46
52
40
No
Plant
30
25
24
42
28
25
40
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (4)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (4)

analyses. All homework “Results sections” must follow the example
the null hypothesis. (4)
Module/Week 3.
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Two-Way ANOVA
Part One:
Note: For the two-way ANOVA, you will be expected to create a
line graph as covered in the SPSS tutorial in the Course Content
(and not a boxplot as in the textbook). This applies to future
cumulative questions as well.
Green & Salkind: Lesson 26, Exercises 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8

needed):
1. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states,
please write them into your Word file as written answers for #1 a, b,
c, and d. (2 pts for output; a-d = 2 pts each)
4. Produce a line graph instead of a boxplot for this problem. Follow
directions in course SPSS tutorial for setting up a line graph. (2 pts)
5. ------- (2 pts)
6. ------- (2 pts)
7. All homework “Results sections” should follow the example given
in the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests
in APA Format” (note: you do not have to refer to a figure). (2 pts)
8. Produce a line graph instead of a boxplot for this problem. Follow
directions in course SPSS tutorial for setting up a line graph. (2 pts)
Part Two:
1. A health psychologist is interested in the effects of exercise on
stress in people who regularly exercise. Specifically, she is interested
in the type of exercise as well as the time of day that the individual
exercises. She recruits participants from a local health club who
regularly participate in one of three types of exercise: swimming,
aerobics, and tennis. She further divides these participants by whether
they exercise in the morning or the evening. She then administers a
questionnaire to each individual assessing their self-reported stress
level. (HIGHER SCORE = HIGHER STRESS). Conduct a two-way
ANOVA to analyze these data. Use Tukey’s test in order to conduct
any necessary post hoc analyses if there are significant main effects.
You do not have to follow up on significant interactions at this time.

Morning
SwimmingAerobicsTennis
10
16
12
16
9
19
21
16
18
17
21
18
14
Evening
14
13
8
12
12
17
12
14
9
10
12
15
19
14
1. SPSS output (2 pts, -1 pt if no post hoc test)
All homework “Results sections” should follow the example given in
a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null
hypothesis.For the two-way ANOVA, be sure to include statistical
statements concerning the F ratios and p values for both main effects
and the interaction, and interpretation statements about all 3 of these
effects. (2)
3. Is there a significant interaction effect? (2)

4. Based on your results, is there one type of exercise that seems more
effective in reducing stress than the others? Remember that higher
scores = higher stress. (2)
1. An investigator in child development research is studying whether
parenting styles have an effect on second grade students’ behavior at
school. She interviews 25 volunteer families from the same class and
separates them into three groups of parenting styles: authoritarian (n =
8); authoritative (n = 8); and permissive (n = 7). Their teacher fills out
a behavior inventory for each of the 25 children, and the investigator
collects and scores them. The scores are contained in the table below.
The scores can range from 0–20, and a higher score indicates more
behavior problems. Is there a significant difference between the
groups? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the
SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table
below.
Authoritarian
8, 13, 4, 6, 5, 4,
9,12,
Authoritative
8, 5, 6, 4, 2, 5, 10,
13
Permissive
10, 8, 11, 9, 8, 3,
15
Paste appropriate SPSS output. (4)
Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (4)

Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in the
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (4)
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PSYC 355 Week 5 SPSS Cumulative
Assessment
SPSS Cumulative Assessment Instructions
The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5
tests you have learned so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-
test, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, or two-way
ANOVA. Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS
data file, just as you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework
assignment. There is only 1 correct choice of analysis for each
question, and note that some tests are 1-tailed and some are 2-
tailed. The assessment is open-book/open-notes.
For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must
include: A) SPSS output; B) an appropriate graph from SPSS; C) a
Results section in current APA style including a statistical statement
(i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p = .049); a sentence summarizing the results “in
English” (i.e., “There was a significant difference between the two

groups on the variable…” or “There was no significant
difference…”); and a decision about the null hypothesis.
For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make
statements for all main effects and interaction effects. Use Tukey’s
test for any analyses requiring post hoc tests.
Module/Week 5.
1. Children who experience chronic pain as a result of medical
procedures are the focus of a psychiatrist’s study. Specifically, the
psychiatrist wants to measure whether a new program helps decrease
feelings of chronic pain in the short-term. He measures children’s
self-reports of pain levels before treatment on a standardized scale
with a range of 0–10, with 10 being the most severe. He then
administers the new program, and measures children’s pain levels
after treatment. Does the new treatment decrease self-reported levels
of chronic pain? (16 pts)
2. A health psychologist in a northern climate wants to evaluate the
claim that UV lamps help lower depressive symptoms in middle-aged
women. She recruits volunteers who meet the criteria for clinical
depression and assigns them to two groups: one group receives a
standard treatment for depression and undergoes a half hour of UV
lamp therapy each day; the other group receives the same standard
treatment for depression but without UV lamp therapy. At the end of
two months, she administers a depression inventory where lower
scores indicate fewer depressive symptoms (lower levels of
depression). Assume all other variables are controlled for in the study.
Evaluate the claim that depression treatment plus the UV lamp results
in lower depression scores than depression treatment alone. (16 pts)
3. As part of a new prevention program, a clinical psychologist wants
to see whether feelings of alienation differ as a function of
immigration status in a local high school. She divides volunteer
students into three categories: first-generation immigrants, second-
generation immigrants, and non-immigrants. She then administers an

instrument assessing feelings of alienation, where higher scores
indicate stronger feelings of alienation from peers, adults, and society
in general. Is there a difference in alienation scores among these three
groups? (16 pts)
4. In response to media reports of violence on college campuses, a
psychologist who works at a local community college decides to
study students’ perceptions of campus safety. He hopes to use these
results to help develop an on-campus violence prevention program.
The administration has asked him additionally to look at whether
perceptions of safety differ depending on students’ year in school and
gender. The psychologist administers a questionnaire with possible
scores ranging from 1–70, with higher scores indicating higher
perceptions of safety on campus, and lower scores indicating
perceptions that the campus is less safe. Based on the data collected
below, do year in school and/or gender have an effect on perceptions
of campus safety? (16 pts)
5. A cross-cultural psychologist living in an overseas, non-Western
rural area has a background studying culture bias in traditional
psychological testing procedures. She contends that members of a
rural community who normally score lower than average on
traditional Western-style IQ tests will score better than the general
population on a new test that emphasizes practical and social
intelligence. Scores on the test can range from 1-100. She recruits 18
volunteers and administers the new test. Their scores are as follows:
*******************************************************

SPSS HOMEWORK 5 INSTRUCTIONS CORRELATION
Part 1:
needed):
1. ---------- (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)
2. Answer this question in sentence form. Include the correlation (r)
and degrees of freedom, the p value, and whether these values
indicate a significant correlation between the variables or not. (2 pts)
3. All homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in
the Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in
pts)
4. ---------- (2 pts)
Part 2:
1. A clinical psychologist would like to determine whether there is a
relationship between observer ratings of children’s externalizing
behaviors and scores on an established diagnostic interview assessing
externalizing disorders (like ADHD, CD, etc.). He administers the
diagnostic interview to 28 children and records these scores. He then
trains an observer to independently rate carefully-defined
externalizing behaviors for each of the 28 children. These scores are
totaled for an overall “externalizing behavior index.” On both the
interview and the behavioral ratings, a higher score indicates higher
levels of externalizing behavior. These scores are listed in the table
below. Conduct a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to
determine whether there is a relationship between the interview scores
and behavioral ratings for this group of children.

“Data View” to enter the data
a) SPSS output (2 pts)
b) Create a simple scatterplot of the relationship between these
variables (define interview scores as the x-axis and behavioral ratings
as the y-axis). (2)
c) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses.
For a correlation analysis, also be sure to include the direction of the
relationship between the variables (positive? negative? none?) in your
section. (2)
2. A neuropsychologist is assessing the relationship between brain
function and performance on a visuo-spatial task. He administers a
test to 14 patients on which scores can range from 1 to 20: a high
score indicates normal brain function, and a low score indicates some
levels of brain dysfunction. He then asks each patient to complete a
maze and records the number of mistakes the patient makes from start
to finish. The scores are listed in the table below. Conduct a Pearson
correlation coefficient analysis to determine what the relationship is,
if any, between brain function and performance on the maze task.
a) SPSS output (2)

b) Create a simple scatterplot of the relationship between these
variables. (2)
c) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses.
For a correlation analysis, also be sure to include the direction of the
relationship between the variables (positive? negative? none?) in your
section. (2)
Part 3:
Cumulative Homework
1. A developmental psychologist is studying whether students in a
certain preschool program perform better than preschoolers in the
state in general on a measure of reading readiness. The mean score for
preschoolers in the state on the measure is 83. The psychologist tests
the preschoolers in the program and records the scores in the table
below. Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the
SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table
below
a) Paste appropriate SPSS output. (3)
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (2)
c) Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (3)
2. In a study of the relationship between girls’ playtime activities and
self-esteem, 16 girls in a fourth-grade class are selected and randomly

assigned to one of two groups. One group plays with a selection of
Barbie™ dolls for one hour, and the other group plays with a
selection of toy animal figures. At the end of the hour, the girls are
given a verbal interview designed to measure self-esteem. Scores
range from 1–12, and higher scores = higher feelings of self-esteem.
Is there a significant difference between the groups on feelings of
self-esteem? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up
the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the
table below.
a) Paste appropriate SPSS output. (2)
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (2)
c) Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. 2)
Module/Week 5.
*******************************************************
Prediction: Bivariate Linear Regression

Part 1:
Note: The z-scoring method used in the practice data file is covered in
Lesson 19 during PSYC 354.
Green & Salkind: Lesson 33, Exercises 1, 3–4
needed):
1. Though the example in the lesson includes creating a z score
variable, this step is not necessary for the homework exercises. (3 pts
for output and 3 pts each for a–e)
2. Write the answer to the last part of this question beneath your
graph, in sentence form. (3 pts)
figure). Note: The statistical statement for a bivariate linear
regression must include at least the equation of the line and the
confidence interval for the slope (the second row under
Confidence Intervals in the output). (3 pts)
Part 2:
1. A community psychologist is interested in whether spending
time in after-school programs is predictive of the number of arrests as
a young adult in a high-risk neighborhood. After collecting records on
17 individuals over 8 years, the psychologist compiles the information
listed in the table below. Conduct a linear regression to analyze the
research question.

“Data View” to enter the data. (3 pts)
Table is shown on the following page.
Hours
Spent in
After-
School
Programs
Number of
Arrests
After Age
17
3 2
41 1
68 1
29 0
7 5
12 4
121 0
54 1
19 3
134 0
106 1
67 1
25 3
73 1

38 4
110 0
31 3
2. Construct a scatterplot of the relationship between the 2
variables. Plot the regression line on this graph. (3 pts)
3. Is time spent in after-school programs predictive of the number
of arrests as a young adult? Write a Results section in current APA
style describing the outcome. All homework “Results sections” must
follow the example given in the Course Content document “Writing
Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (Note: you do not
have to refer to a figure). The statistical statement for a bivariate
linear regression must include at least the equation of the line and
the confidence interval for the slope (the second row under
Confidence Intervals in the output). (3 pts)
1. To investigate the relationship between hours spent studying and
exam scores, researchers measured the following. Is there a
significant relationship between hours spent studying and scores?
Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file,
and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table on the
following page.
Hours
Spent
Studying
Exam
Scores

1
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
40
50
51
61
73
71
64
75
68
76
94
85
84
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (3 pts)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (3 pts)
3. Write a Results section in current APA style describing the
outcome. All homework “Results sections” must follow the example
figure). (4 pts)
Module/Week 6.
*******************************************************

Chi Square
Part 1:
needed):
1. Use the method reviewed in the presentation to weight the cases
for this data set. (no points—done in data file)
2. Do a, b, and c. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)
3. ---------- (2 pts)
figure). (2 pts)
needed):

NOTE: This exercise does not use the weighted cases method. Use
the data file “as is.”
1. Do a, b, c, d, and e. For letter “e,” this question is asking
specifically about effect size. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–e)
2. ---------- (2 pts)
figure). (2 pts)
Part 2:
1. An industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologist is helping a
company determine the type of work stations preferred by its
employees. The business owner believes that people who work in
different departments may prefer different work station layouts. In
order to examine this claim, the I/O psychologist sets up 3 simulated
work stations: private office (PO), semi-private office (SPO), and
open floor plan (OFP). She recruits employees from 3 different
departments: Information Technology, Human Resources, and
Marketing. The participants spend 30 minutes in each simulated work
station performing general pre-arranged tasks. At the end of the 1.5
hours, the participants turn in a form on which they mark which work
station they prefer. The results are listed in the table on the following
page. Perform a chi square test of independence (using an SPSS
two-way contingency table analysis) to determine whether the
proportions of work station preferences differ across
departments. Use the weighted cases method.
“Data View” to enter the data. (2 pts)

Private
Office
Semi-
Private
Office
Open
Floor
Plan
TOTAL
Information
Technology
9 6 4 19
Human
Resources
6 10 3 19
Marketing 7 3 9 19
TOTAL 22 19 16 57
2. Create a clustered bar graph depicting your results. (2 pts)
3. Write an APA-style Results section describing the outcome. All
Course Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in
pts)
1. A researcher wants to find out if the number of absences from a
chemistry class are predictive of final exam scores at a local
university. The data from the past term are in the table below. Are
number of absences predictive of final exam scores? Choose the
correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the
analysis. Follow the directions on the following page.
Number
of
Absences
Final
Exam
Scores
1
1
98
95

2
3
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
89
89
80
85
80
75
76
69
70
62
60
3. Write an APA-style Results section describing the outcome. All
pts)
Module/Week 7.
*******************************************************

Nonparametric Tests
Part 1:
1. Green & Salkind: Lesson 42, Exercises 1, 3–4
needed):
1. This research scenario will be familiar to you. Do letters a, b,
and c, answering the questions beneath your SPSS output. (3 pts for
output and 2 pts each for a–c)
figure). (4 pts)
3. Create a boxplot as done in earlier modules/weeks. (3 pts)

2. Spearman Rho Exercise: This exercise is not found in Green &
Salkind. Open the data file “Mod8_SpearmanRho_Exercise File” in
the Module/Week 8 SPSS Assignments folder in Blackboard and read
the following information; answer the questions below.
Scenario: During the Vietnam War, a draft was put in place that
selected young men born on certain dates and placed them in the
armed services. The process proceeded via lottery: Dates like “Sept.
14” were placed in capsules, one for each of the 365 days of the year,
and the capsules were then drawn randomly from a container. In the
1970 draft, Sept. 14 was the first date drawn, meaning that all young
men born on Sept. 14 were eligible for the very first round of the
draft, and so on. After the results of the 1970 draft were analyzed,
many statisticians and politicians asserted that the process had not
been random at all, and certain men had a higher chance of being
drafted than others. This case is famous, making it to the pages of
international newspapers and the U.S. Supreme Court.
In the SPSS data file in Blackboard, you will find the original 1970
draft data with two variables. Column 1 contains the consecutive day
of the year (1 = Jan. 1; 2 = Jan. 2; and so on). Column 2 contains the
draft rank (1 = first date drawn; 2 = second date drawn; and so on).
So, in the first row of the data set, Day 1 (Jan. 1) had a draft rank of
305. The lower the draft rank, the sooner and more likely a man was
to be drafted. So, a higher rank (like 305, for example) was preferable
to those who did not want to be drafted right away.

If the process had been statistically random, there would be no
correlation between the day of the year you were born and the rank
that was assigned to you (r = 0). Any type of significant correlation
would mean that there was something relating the variables beyond
mere random error, or chance.
1. Open the data file and perform a Spearman correlation analysis for
the day of year and the draft rank. Paste your output in the homework
document. (2 pts)
2. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome.
(2 pts)
3. Answer the next two questions in “layman’s terms” as if for
someone who does not know much about statistics: (a) Why did
people accuse the process of not being random? (b) What do the data
indicate for men born earlier in the year vs. men born later in the
year? (2 pts)
It’s not required, but if you want to check out the original New York
Times article and see an interesting graph
Part 2:
1. A university assessment department collects data to determine
whether class ranking differs between male and female students.
Based on the top 12 males and top 12 females of the senior class, is
there a difference between genders on where they are ranked in their
class? Perform a Mann-Whitney U test, being sure to follow the
directions on the following page. (3 pts)

Male
Female
2
5
7
10
11
13
15
16

Note: Your file must be set up in the same manner as the example
data file and the exercise file from Part 1 with a grouping variable and
a dependent/test variable. Because these are class rankings, they are
ordinal data and must be identified as such in “Variable View” under
the column “Measure.” Click in the cell under “Measure” in the row
for your class rank variable and choose “Ordinal.” This ensures that
SPSS treats the data at the proper level of measurement.
2. Create a boxplot depicting the results. (3 pts)
3. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome.
All homework “results sections” must follow the example given in the
pts)

1. An organizational psychologist wants to find out if job satisfaction
ratings differ as a function of department (human resources, sales, and
research and development) and/or time of shift (early, late). Choose
the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run
the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
Early shift
Human Resources
Sales
Research and Development
10
16
12
16
9

19
21
16
18
17
21
18
14
Late shift
14

13
8
12
12
17
12
14
9
10
12
15
19
14

3. Write a current APA-style results section describing the
outcome. All homework “results sections” must follow the example
figure). (3 pts)
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of
Module/Week 8.
*******************************************************
PSYC 355 Week 8 SPSS HomeWork

Nonparametric Tests
Part 1:
1. Green & Salkind: Lesson 42, Exercises 1, 3–4
needed):
1. This research scenario will be familiar to you. Do letters a, b,
and c, answering the questions beneath your SPSS output. (3 pts for
output and 2 pts each for a–c)
figure). (4 pts)
3. Create a boxplot as done in earlier modules/weeks. (3 pts)
2. Spearman Rho Exercise: This exercise is not found in Green
& Salkind. Open the data file “Mod8_SpearmanRho_Exercise
File” in the Module/Week 8 SPSS Assignments folder in
Blackboard and read the following information; answer the
questions below.

Scenario: During the Vietnam War, a draft was put in place that
selected young men born on certain dates and placed them in the
armed services. The process proceeded via lottery: Dates like “Sept.
14” were placed in capsules, one for each of the 365 days of the year,
and the capsules were then drawn randomly from a container. In the
1970 draft, Sept. 14 was the first date drawn, meaning that all young
men born on Sept. 14 were eligible for the very first round of the
draft, and so on. After the results of the 1970 draft were analyzed,
many statisticians and politicians asserted that the process had not
been random at all, and certain men had a higher chance of being
drafted than others. This case is famous, making it to the pages of
international newspapers and the U.S. Supreme Court.
In the SPSS data file in Blackboard, you will find the original 1970
draft data with two variables. Column 1 contains the consecutive day
of the year (1 = Jan. 1; 2 = Jan. 2; and so on). Column 2 contains the
draft rank (1 = first date drawn; 2 = second date drawn; and so on).
So, in the first row of the data set, Day 1 (Jan. 1) had a draft rank of
305. The lower the draft rank, the sooner and more likely a man was
to be drafted. So, a higher rank (like 305, for example) was preferable
to those who did not want to be drafted right away.
If the process had been statistically random, there would be no
correlation between the day of the year you were born and the rank
that was assigned to you (r = 0). Any type of significant correlation
would mean that there was something relating the variables beyond
mere random error, or chance.
1. Open the data file and perform a Spearman correlation analysis
for the day of year and the draft rank. Paste your output in the
homework document. (2 pts)

2. Write a current APA-style results section describing the
outcome. (2 pts)
3. Answer the next two questions in “layman’s terms” as if for
someone who does not know much about statistics: (a) Why did
people accuse the process of not being random? (b) What do the data
indicate for men born earlier in the year vs. men born later in the
year? (2 pts)
It’s not required, but if you want to check out the original New York
Times article and see an interesting graph,
Part 2:
1. A university assessment department collects data to determine
whether university rankings differ based on their regional location.
Some rankings are missing because the universities ranked at that
level were in different regions than those of interest to the department.
Based on eight universities in each of two different regions, is there a
difference between university rankings based on their regional
locations? Perform a Mann-Whitney U test, being sure to follow the
directions under the table. (3 pts)
West
Coast
East
Coast
2
5
6
12
16
1
3
4
7
8

17
18
19
10
13
15
Note: Your file must be set up in the same manner as the example
data file and the exercise file from Part 1, with a grouping variable
and a dependent/test variable. Because these are rankings, they are
ordinal data and must be identified as such in “Variable View” under
the column “Measure.” Click in the cell under “Measure” in the row
for your university rank variable, and choose “Ordinal.” This ensures
that SPSS treats the data at the proper level of measurement.
2. Create a boxplot depicting the results. (3 pts)
the null hypothesis. (3 pts)
1. A political pollster is curious about the effects of a town hall
meeting on people’s intentions to support a state proposition that

would legalize gambling. He interviews people as they leave and asks
them whether their opinion about the proposition has changed as a
result of the meeting. He records these frequencies in the table below.
Choose the appropriate test to analyze this data, and follow the
directions below the table.
Less likely to
support
No
change
More likely to
support
25 12 9
the null hypothesis. (3 pts)
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of
Module/Week 8.
*******************************************************

PSYC 355 Exam 1: SPSS Data Analysis and Statistical Tests

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