Psyc 355 Massive Success - snaptutorial.com

PSYC 355 Exam 1
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Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over time, the
appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a population standard
deviation from the sample standard deviation?
8. The paired-samples t test has three assumptions, including all but:
9. We have learned three t tests, including all of the following except
10. The single-sample t test compares a sample mean to a population mean when:
12. According to the null hypothesis, the mean difference for the comparison distribution
in a paired-samples t test is:
13. For an independent-samples t test, there were 14 participants in Group 1 and 17
participants in Group 2. The total degrees of freedom were:
14. A researcher conducts a single-sample t test and finds statistical significance at the
0.01 level. The effect size is then calculated and found to be 0.04. What might you
conclude about the findings?
16. In an ______, one sample is compared to a population for which we only know the
mean during hypothesis testing.
22. The critical cutoffs for a two-tailed, paired-samples t test with seven participants at a
p level of 0.01 are:

24. Researchers were interested in whether relaxation training decreases the number of
headaches a person experiences. They randomly assigned 20 participants to a control
group or a relaxation training group and noted the change in number of headaches each
group reported from the week before training to the week after training. The dependent
variable in this study is:
27. A clinical researcher was interested in determining whether his interventions were
effective in minimizing depression symptoms among his participants. The assess the
effectiveness of his treatment program, he administered a depression inventory prior to
his treatment and after his treatment. He hypothesized that depression scores would lower
at a time two compared to time one. He then compared the mean differences between the
two groups and found that his treatment was effective. The dependent variable in this
study is:
28. To determine our critical values or cutoffs for an independent-samples t test, we use:
29. The formula H0: U1 = Uz is used to represent the:
30. Following are the results of an independent-samples t test: t(18) = -2.11, p<0.05. In
the current example, the degrees of freedom are:
34. A researcher investigates if the extent to which people care abuot keeping their house
clean and neat changes if they are given new things in that home. He follows eight
families that were selected to receive home makeovers, assessing their cleanliness before
the makeover and after. Given the following confidence interval [-1.26, 095], make a
decision about the hypothesis.
35. The formula for the null hypothesis for a paired-samples t test is:
36. Unnithan, Houser, and Fernhall (2006) were interested in whether playing the game
DDR affected the heart rate of overweight and nonoverweight adolescents differently. A
group of 22 adolescents, 10 classified as overweight and 12 as not overweight, played
DDR for 12 minutes, during which time the researches measured each participants heart
rate. Which statistical test should the researchers use to analyze their data?
37. The numerator (top portion) of the ratio for calculating all the t statistics contains:
38. When scientists call a hypothesis test conservative, they mean that it is:
39. the formula for the degrees of freedom for the dependent-samples t test is:
40. In a paired-samples test, the comparison distribution of:
=====================

PSYC 355 Lab Project Phase 2: Raw Data Scoring
Instructions
How to Create SPSS Data File
Open a new data file in SPSS. You will create a file containing 1 variable for each item
on the survey (for a total of 10). You will score each individual survey and enter the
values into the appropriate column of the SPSS data file for later analysis.
How to Score Survey and Enter Results into Data File
All questions on the survey except the last one are written as Likert-type items, with
choices ranging from “Strongly agree” to “Strongly disagree.” In order to enter these into
the data file for analysis, each of the answer choices will be given a corresponding score
ranging from 1 to 5. NOTE: It is important to pay attention to the following directions, as
some of the items will be reverse-scored (see below).
1. Gather your completed surveys. It will be necessary to enter data fromeach individual
survey into SPSS. If you have used the online method, you must follow these steps to
access each individual survey:
Sign into your account and go to “My Surveys.” Your survey title will appear with 3
icons to the right: Design, Collect, and Analyze. Click on the pie graph under “Analyze.”
This will take you to a Response Summary page.
On the menu bar to the left, click on “Browse Responses.” This allows you to view each
individual survey, which is necessary in order to enter and analyze data in SPSS. Within
“Browse Responses,” you can move from one individual survey to the next by clicking
on the “Next” and “Prev” arrow buttons at the top.
2. All items on the survey will be scored from 1 to 5 except for item 10. You will enter
the scores for each survey into your SPSS data file under the corresponding variable, case
by case. If you have 10 surveys, you will have 10 cases (rows); if you have 25 surveys,
25 cases (rows), etc.

Scores for items 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9 are as follows:
Strongly agree = 5
Agree = 4
Neither agree nor disagree = 3
Disagree = 2
Strongly disagree = 1
Scores for items 4 and 6 are reversed. This is because, in opposition to the other items,
these items indicate a fundamentally different worldview than the Christian worldview,
so the scoring must be reversed; this allows higher scores on all items to reflect an
understanding of Christian doctrine, while lower scores indicate misunderstanding or
disagreement. This is a method commonly used in survey research.
Scores for items 4 and 6 are as follows:
Strongly agree = 1
Agree = 2
Neither agree nor disagree = 3
Disagree = 4
Strongly disagree = 5
For item 10, you will simply enter the exact number that the respondent filled in on the
survey (for example, 10 or 63, etc.) under the appropriate variable in the SPSS data file.
3. Remember that the original research question is about the relationship between church
attendance and understanding of Christian doctrine. We have one variable that represents
church attendance (item 10), but we do not have one sole variable to compare it to—a
total score that represents doctrinal understanding. Based on what you have learned, how
do you think we should create this variable?

Answer: After you have entered all of your survey data, create a new variable called
Tot_Und (which is shorthand for “total understanding”). Define this variable as the sum
of items 1–9; see Lesson 19 in Green & Salkind (2011) to review this procedure.
Refer to the “Lab Project Overview and Instructions” in addition to this document when
completing this phase.
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4.
==========================
PSYC 355 Lab Project Phase 3: SPSS Output
Lab Project Phase 3: SPSS Output Instructions
After completing Phase 2 of the Lab Project, you now have 2 important variables in
relation to your research question: a score representing understanding of Christian
doctrine, and a variable representing amount of church attendance. It is time for you to
decide how to analyze the data! Think about what the research question is asking, and
think about your 2 important variables. Then think about the methods that you have
learned over the past several weeks. Which statistical test is the best choice for this
particular situation? There is a “right” answer to this question, so think carefully and
review your text and notes if necessary.
Once you have decided on which test is the best, you can run the analysis just as you did
in your SPSS homework assignments. You are required to turn in the output file for your
analysis and the related SPSS generated graph (also covered in SPSS homework
assignments). You do not need to interpret these results, as this will be done in Phase 4
(APA Results section).
Refer to the “Lab Project Overview and Instructions” in addition to this document when
completing this phase.

==============================
PSYC 355 SPSS CUMULATIVE ASSESSMENT
SPSS Cumulative Assessment Instructions
The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5 tests you have learned
so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test, independent-samples t-test, one-way
ANOVA, or two-way ANOVA. Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS
data file, just as you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework assignment. There is
only 1 correct choice of analysis for each question. The assessment is open-book/open-
notes.
For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must include: A) the
output and an appropriate graph from SPSS; B) a statistical statement (i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p
= .049); and C) a sentence summarizing the results (i.e., “There was a significant
difference between the two groups on the variable…” or “There was no significant
difference…”).
For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make statements for all main
effects and interaction effects. Use the Fisher LSD test for any analyses requiring post
hoc tests.
1. An entrepreneur claims that he has developed a program that can increase the IQ of
adolescent students. To test this claim, a psychologist administers the WISC (an IQ score
for children) to a group of students before and after completing the training program.
Analyze the data to test the entrepreneur’s claim. (16 pts)

Student
IQ before
IQ after
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

103
85
94
106
74
98
83
93
103
96
109
115
86
122
112
126
118
72
99
89
90
108

74
99
80
99
107
93
111
117
83
122
120
131
116
74
2. The staff at a local psychiatric facility wants to determine whether implementing a
No Smoking rule significantly decreases the length of stay of inpatients. In order to test
this claim, they compared the length of stay of patients admitted before a No Smoking
rule was implemented to another group of patients admitted after the No Smoking rule
was implemented. Evaluate the claim that the average length of stay was significantly
shorter for the group admitted after the facility implemented the rule. (16 pts)
Smoking Allowed
No Smoking

8
5
2
5
8
6
4
14
7
15
12
8
4
13
10
8
5
10
7
8
2

3
2
4
4
8
4
5
2
4
6
7
3. Depressed patients are randomly assigned to 1 of 3 therapists. At the end of 3
months, each patient completes a standardized test of depression (higher scores indicate
higher level of depression). The patients’ scores are shown below. Analyze the data to
determine how effective these 3 therapists are at treating depression (assume that before
the treatment, all 3 groups of patients had the same average depression score). (16 pts)
Therapist 1
Therapist 2
Therapist 3
35
37

35
37
36
33
39
36
37
37
31
39
35
32
29
32
25
28
33
30
32
4. In light of all the weight loss misinformation and fad diets, a medical researcher
determines to evaluate several of them. She randomly assigns volunteers (identified as
clinically obese) to 1 of 4 diets. She is a firm believer in the benefits of exercise, so she

also assigns them to either the exercise or no exercise group. After 3 months, she
compares the pounds lost for each condition. Was there a significant effect of the diets
and exercise on weight loss? (16 pts)
Exercise
Low Carb
South Beach
Adkins
Weight
Watchers
26
28
30
25
20
28
22
18
25

21
24
29
28
28
30
25
26
No
Exercise
15
20
18
18
12
15
15

17
19
28
25
21
34
25
30
28
5. Infants exposed to cocaine in their mother’s womb are thought to be at high risk for
major birth defects. Thirteen infants born to mothers who are addicted to cocaine are
administered the Brazelton Neonatal Assessment 1 day after birth. For these babies, their
scores were as follows:
Brazelton Scores
6.25
4.50
8.50
5.50
3.00
7.90

7.50
5.30
6.80
7.50
5.25
7.45
6.80
For the general population, babies normally score an 8.5. Is this group of babies
significantly lower than normal? (16 pts)
Related Tutorials
==============================
PSYC 355 Week 1 SPSS Homework 1
SPSS Homework 1 Instructions
Single-Sample t-Tests and Paired-Sample t-Tests
Part 1:
Note that for all problems in this course, the standard cutoff for a test of significance will
be p < .05 unless otherwise noted in the problem.
Homework files are found in Blackboard Course Content > Syllabus and Assignment
Instructions > Assignment Instructions > SPSS Homework 1 > SPSS Homework Files
(select the particular number for the module/week you are working on). Always use the

Blackboard files instead of the files on the Green & Salkind website as some files have
been modified for the purposes of this course.
1. Single-Sample t-Test: Based on Green & Salkind - Lesson 22, Exercises 1–4
(Mod1_Lesson 22 Exercise File 1), but follow the instructions below instead.
A total score variable is included in the data file in Blackboard (“tot_score”), so you do
not have to compute it. Use this variable as your dependent variable.
The test value for the single-sample t-test is 2 (1/4 of 8, or the score which a student
would achieve by chance). Use 2 as the test value when running the analysis for this
exercise.
Conduct a single-sample t-test on the total score variable. Paste the output into your
Word document and type in the answers to the following questions underneath the
output: (2 pts for output)
Mean algebra score (2 pts)
t-test value (2 pts)
p value (significance) of the test (2 pts)
Write a Results section in current APA style based on your analyses. (3 pts)
Create a histogram that demonstrates the distribution of scores. Be sure to correctly label
the X and Y axes. (3 pts)
2. Green & Salkind: Lesson 23, Exercises 6–8: (Lesson 23, Exercise File 1)
The following helpful tips are numbered to correspond with the exercise number to which
they refer within the Green & Salkind text:
Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states, write them into your
Word file as written answers for #6 a, b, c, and d. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–d)
All homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content
document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (Note: you do
not have to refer to a figure). (4 pts)
You will create the boxplot here instead of in the Results section. (2 pts)
Part 2:

A counseling psychologist administers an interview assessment that screens for possible
internet addiction to his adolescent clients who live in a rural area. He assumes that
children in this area may exhibit higherscores than children in the general population,
who normally score a 25on a scale of 1–100. The table below shows the scores the
counselor has collected.
Using the table, enter the data into a new SPSS file and conduct a single sample t-test to
evaluate whether or not these adolescents scored higher than the general population.
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part One of the
assignment—the only difference is that you are now responsible for creating the data file
as well. Remember to name and define your variables under the “Variable View,” then
return to the “Data View” to enter the data.
Paste SPSS output (2 pts)
Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework “Results
sections” should follow the example given in the SPSS tutorials and the Course Content
document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not have to
refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (3 pts)
Create a histogram that demonstrates the distribution of scores. Be sure to correctly label
the X and Y axes. (2 pts)
2. A clinical psychologist is studying the differences in the number of Facebook® friends
between identical twins raised apart. She believes that twins raised in different
environments will have differences in the number of friends, which would help point to
the influence of environmental factors over inherited factors on social outcomes. She
divides the twins into two groups (“Twin 1” and “Twin 2”), collects the data and creates
the table below.
Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run a paired-samples t test
to test the claim that the identical twins raised apart will have a significantly different
number of Facebook® friends.
a) Paste SPSS output (2 pts)

b) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analysis. All homework
“Results sections” must follow the example given in the SPSS tutorials and the Course
Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in APA Format” (note: you do not
have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (2
pts)
c) Create a boxplot comparing the twins’ scores. Be sure to correctly label the X and Y
axes. (2 pts)
==================================
Independent Samples t-Tests
Part 1:
Green & Salkind: Lesson 24, Exercises 1–5
they refer:
1. Type these values out underneath your copied and pasted output. (3 pts)
2. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states, write them in
your Word file as written answers for #2 a, b, and c. (3 pts, 1 point for each letter)
3. The effect size statistic must be computed by hand (or calculator). Use the second
“easier” formula for d, found in the section on Effect Size Statistics in this lesson. (3 pts)
4. All homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in the Course
Content document “Writing Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (Note:
you do not have to refer to a figure). (3 pts)

5. Create a boxplot (not an error bar graph) using the following steps (covered also in
Lesson 21). (3 pts)
Go to Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Boxplot > Select “Simple” > Select “Summaries for
Groups of Cases”
Click “Define” and Variable = “Time Spent” (this is your dependent variable) and
Category Axis = “Weight” (this is your independent, or grouping, variable)
Click OK
Part 2:
1. A learning psychologist is interested in comparing the success of 2 different
mnemonics (memorization methods) on performance in a memory task. He assigns
students to two groups, one which learns and uses a language-based rhyming memory
technique, and one which learns and uses a visual “method of loci” spatial memory
technique. He then administers a memory task to each group of students. The students are
scored based on the percentage of correct answers. Using the table below, enter the data
into a new SPSS data file and use an independent-samples t test to analyze the claim that
the two mnemonic styles are different.
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part 1 of the
return to the “Data View” to enter the data. (3 for output)
Table is shown on following page.
Language-Based
82
89
67
94
76
63

89
84
93
Spatially-Based
93
78
99
87
78
62
87
91
95

2. Create a boxplot illustrating the differences between the two methods of language
learning. (3)
3. Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework
have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (4)
Part 3: Cumulative Homework
1. The effects of a new faith-based anxiety treatment program are studied in a group of
elderly patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). One of the outcome measures
is the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) (Pachana et al., 2007), a measure with possible
scores from 0–20, with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. A large group of elderly
patients completed the GAI before treatment. Fifteen patients with GAI scores of 10 or
higher were chosen to participate in the study. The patients underwent the treatment
program and completed the GAI at the end of treatment. The scores are listed below. Do
the elderly patients exhibit lessened anxiety, as demonstrated by their GAI scores, after
participating in the faith-based treatment program? Choose the correct test to analyze this
question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table
below.
GAI Score Before Treatment
GAI Score After Treatment

10
12
17
13
10
13
16
11
11
15
18
11
11
14
15
7
11
12
14
9
10
12

11
13
13
17
9
13
10
12
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (5)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (5)
“Results sections” should follow the example given in the SPSS tutorials and the Course
This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 2.
==================================
SPSS HOMEWORK 3 INSTRUCTIONS

ONE-WAY ANOVA
Part 1:
they refer (a dash indicates that no tips are needed):
1. Use Tukey’s test as the post hoc test for ANOVAs in PSYC 355. Be sure to check this
box when you run analyses. For letters a–d, instead of identifying these values on your
output, as the text states, write them into your Word file as written answers for #1 a, b, c,
and d. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–d)
2. ---------- (3 pts)
3. Remember to put your dependent variable in the “variable” box, and your independent,
or grouping, variables in the “category axis” box. (3 pts)
Part 2:
1. Twenty-four adults who have been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder are
randomly assigned to one of 3 group therapy conditions in order to improve their social
skills: manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy (MCBT), non-manualized cognitive-
behavioral therapy (NMCBT), and talk therapy (T). Following two months of therapy,
the participants are assessed on a standardized measure of social skills. On this
instrument, scores range from 0–45, and higher scores indicate better or improved social
skills, while lower scores indicate social skills that need improvement. These scores are
shown in the table below. Conduct a one-way ANOVA to determine how effective these
3 therapy conditions are at improving social skills.
return to the “Data View” to enter the data. (3)
MCBT

29, 32, 26, 33, 32, 37, 30, 38
NMCBT
31, 30, 28, 26, 31, 27, 29, 27
T
25, 20, 24, 26, 26, 30, 27, 25
2. What is the F ratio for the therapy group main effect? (3)
3. What is the effect size for the overall effect of therapy type on social skills scores?
According to general conventions, is this effect small, medium, or large? (3)
1. A researcher wanted to investigate whether there was a difference in satisfaction
ratings in an assisted living facility between residents who had a plant to take care of vs.
those who did not have a plant. Due to relocations during the study, 3 participants were
dropped from the “No Plant” group. The researcher then administered a scale asking
them to rate their overall satisfaction with the facility. Did having a plant have an impact
on the residents’ overall satisfaction levels? Choose the correct test to analyze this
question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table
below (on next page).

Plant
47
42
35
46
49
39
40
46
52
40
No Plant
30
25
24
42
28

25
40
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (4)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (4)
This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 3.
=======================================
Two-Way ANOVA
Part One:

Note: For the two-way ANOVA, you will be expected to create a line graph as covered in
the SPSS tutorial in the Course Content (and not a boxplot as in the textbook). This
applies to future cumulative questions as well.
Green & Salkind: Lesson 26, Exercises 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8
1. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states, please write them
into your Word file as written answers for #1 a, b, c, and d. (2 pts for output; a-d = 2 pts
each)
4. Produce a line graph instead of a boxplot for this problem. Follow directions in course
SPSS tutorial for setting up a line graph. (2 pts)
5. ------- (2 pts)
6. ------- (2 pts)
7. All homework “Results sections” should follow the example given in the Course
have to refer to a figure). (2 pts)
8. Produce a line graph instead of a boxplot for this problem. Follow directions in course
SPSS tutorial for setting up a line graph. (2 pts)
Part Two:
1. A health psychologist is interested in the effects of exercise on stress in people who
regularly exercise. Specifically, she is interested in the type of exercise as well as the
time of day that the individual exercises. She recruits participants from a local health club
who regularly participate in one of three types of exercise: swimming, aerobics, and
tennis. She further divides these participants by whether they exercise in the morning or
the evening. She then administers a questionnaire to each individual assessing their self-
reported stress level. (HIGHER SCORE = HIGHER STRESS). Conduct a two-way
ANOVA to analyze these data. Use Tukey’s test in order to conduct any necessary post
hoc analyses if there are significant main effects. You do not have to follow up on
significant interactions at this time.

Morning
Swimming
Aerobics
Tennis
10
16
12
16
9
19
21
16
18
17
21

18
14
Evening
14
13
8
12
12
17
12
14
9
10
12
15
19
14

1. SPSS output (2 pts, -1 pt if no post hoc test)
“Results sections” should follow the example given in the SPSS tutorials and the Course
have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis.For
the two-way ANOVA, be sure to include statistical statements concerning the F ratios
and p values for both main effects and the interaction, and interpretation statements about
all 3 of these effects. (2)
3. Is there a significant interaction effect? (2)
4. Based on your results, is there one type of exercise that seems more effective in
reducing stress than the others? Remember that higher scores = higher stress. (2)
1. An investigator in child development research is studying whether parenting styles
have an effect on second grade students’ behavior at school. She interviews 25 volunteer
families from the same class and separates them into three groups of parenting styles:
authoritarian (n = 8); authoritative (n = 8); and permissive (n = 7). Their teacher fills out
a behavior inventory for each of the 25 children, and the investigator collects and scores
them. The scores are contained in the table below. The scores can range from 0–20, and a
higher score indicates more behavior problems. Is there a significant difference between
the groups? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run
the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
Authoritarian
8, 13, 4, 6, 5, 4, 9,12,
Authoritative
8, 5, 6, 4, 2, 5, 10, 13

Permissive
10, 8, 11, 9, 8, 3, 15
Paste appropriate SPSS output. (4)
Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (4)
Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework
===============================
PSYC 355 Week 5 SPSS Cumulative Assessment
SPSS Cumulative Assessment Instructions
The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5 tests you have learned
so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test, independent-samples t-test, one-way
ANOVA, or two-way ANOVA. Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS
data file, just as you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework assignment. There is
only 1 correct choice of analysis for each question, and note that some tests are 1-tailed
and some are 2-tailed. The assessment is open-book/open-notes.
For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must include: A) SPSS
output; B) an appropriate graph from SPSS; C) a Results section in current APA style
including a statistical statement (i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p = .049); a sentence summarizing the
results “in English” (i.e., “There was a significant difference between the two groups on

the variable…” or “There was no significant difference…”); and a decision about the null
hypothesis.
For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make statements for all main
effects and interaction effects. Use Tukey’s test for any analyses requiring post hoc tests.
1. Children who experience chronic pain as a result of medical procedures are the focus
of a psychiatrist’s study. Specifically, the psychiatrist wants to measure whether a new
program helps decrease feelings of chronic pain in the short-term. He measures children’s
self-reports of pain levels before treatment on a standardized scale with a range of 0–10,
with 10 being the most severe. He then administers the new program, and measures
children’s pain levels after treatment. Does the new treatment decrease self-reported
levels of chronic pain? (16 pts)
2. A health psychologist in a northern climate wants to evaluate the claim that UV lamps
help lower depressive symptoms in middle-aged women. She recruits volunteers who
meet the criteria for clinical depression and assigns them to two groups: one group
receives a standard treatment for depression and undergoes a half hour of UV lamp
therapy each day; the other group receives the same standard treatment for depression but
without UV lamp therapy. At the end of two months, she administers a depression
inventory where lower scores indicate fewer depressive symptoms (lower levels of
depression). Assume all other variables are controlled for in the study. Evaluate the claim
that depression treatment plus the UV lamp results in lower depression scores than
depression treatment alone. (16 pts)
3. As part of a new prevention program, a clinical psychologist wants to see whether
feelings of alienation differ as a function of immigration status in a local high school. She
divides volunteer students into three categories: first-generation immigrants, second-
generation immigrants, and non-immigrants. She then administers an instrument
assessing feelings of alienation, where higher scores indicate stronger feelings of
alienation from peers, adults, and society in general. Is there a difference in alienation
scores among these three groups? (16 pts)
4. In response to media reports of violence on college campuses, a psychologist who
works at a local community college decides to study students’ perceptions of campus
safety. He hopes to use these results to help develop an on-campus violence prevention
program. The administration has asked him additionally to look at whether perceptions of
safety differ depending on students’ year in school and gender. The psychologist
administers a questionnaire with possible scores ranging from 1–70, with higher scores
indicating higher perceptions of safety on campus, and lower scores indicating

perceptions that the campus is less safe. Based on the data collected below, do year in
school and/or gender have an effect on perceptions of campus safety? (16 pts)
5. A cross-cultural psychologist living in an overseas, non-Western rural area has a
background studying culture bias in traditional psychological testing procedures. She
contends that members of a rural community who normally score lower than average on
traditional Western-style IQ tests will score better than the general population on a new
test that emphasizes practical and social intelligence. Scores on the test can range from 1-
100. She recruits 18 volunteers and administers the new test. Their scores are as follows:
===============================
SPSS HOMEWORK 5 INSTRUCTIONS CORRELATION
Part 1:
1. ---------- (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)
2. Answer this question in sentence form. Include the correlation (r) and degrees of
freedom, the p value, and whether these values indicate a significant correlation between
the variables or not. (2 pts)
3. All homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content
not have to refer to a figure). (2 pts)
4. ---------- (2 pts)
Part 2:

1. A clinical psychologist would like to determine whether there is a relationship between
observer ratings of children’s externalizing behaviors and scores on an established
diagnostic interview assessing externalizing disorders (like ADHD, CD, etc.). He
administers the diagnostic interview to 28 children and records these scores. He then
trains an observer to independently rate carefully-defined externalizing behaviors for
each of the 28 children. These scores are totaled for an overall “externalizing behavior
index.” On both the interview and the behavioral ratings, a higher score indicates higher
levels of externalizing behavior. These scores are listed in the table below. Conduct a
Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to determine whether there is a relationship
between the interview scores and behavioral ratings for this group of children.
return to the “Data View” to enter the data
a) SPSS output (2 pts)
b) Create a simple scatterplot of the relationship between these variables (define
interview scores as the x-axis and behavioral ratings as the y-axis). (2)
c) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework
have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. For a
correlation analysis, also be sure to include the direction of the relationship between the
variables (positive? negative? none?) in your section. (2)
2. A neuropsychologist is assessing the relationship between brain function and
performance on a visuo-spatial task. He administers a test to 14 patients on which scores
can range from 1 to 20: a high score indicates normal brain function, and a low score
indicates some levels of brain dysfunction. He then asks each patient to complete a maze
and records the number of mistakes the patient makes from start to finish. The scores are
listed in the table below. Conduct a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis to determine
what the relationship is, if any, between brain function and performance on the maze
task.
a) SPSS output (2)

b) Create a simple scatterplot of the relationship between these variables. (2)
c) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework
have to refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. For a
correlation analysis, also be sure to include the direction of the relationship between the
variables (positive? negative? none?) in your section. (2)
Part 3:
Cumulative Homework
1. A developmental psychologist is studying whether students in a certain preschool
program perform better than preschoolers in the state in general on a measure of reading
readiness. The mean score for preschoolers in the state on the measure is 83. The
psychologist tests the preschoolers in the program and records the scores in the table
below. Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the
analysis. Follow the directions under the table below
a) Paste appropriate SPSS output. (3)
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (2)
c) Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework “Results
refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (3)
2. In a study of the relationship between girls’ playtime activities and self-esteem, 16
girls in a fourth-grade class are selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups.
One group plays with a selection of Barbie™ dolls for one hour, and the other group
plays with a selection of toy animal figures. At the end of the hour, the girls are given a
verbal interview designed to measure self-esteem. Scores range from 1–12, and higher
scores = higher feelings of self-esteem. Is there a significant difference between the
groups on feelings of self-esteem? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up
the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.

a) Paste appropriate SPSS output. (2)
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (2)
c) Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All homework “Results
refer to a figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. 2) This
assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 5.
==================================
Prediction: Bivariate Linear Regression
Part 1:
Note: The z-scoring method used in the practice data file is covered in Lesson 19 during
PSYC 354.
Green & Salkind: Lesson 33, Exercises 1, 3–4
1. Though the example in the lesson includes creating a z score variable, this step is
not necessary for the homework exercises. (3 pts for output and 3 pts each for a–e)
2. Write the answer to the last part of this question beneath your graph, in sentence
form. (3 pts)

you do not have to refer to a figure). Note: The statistical statement for a bivariate linear
regression must include at least the equation of the line and the confidence interval for
the slope (the second row under Confidence Intervals in the output). (3 pts)
Part 2:
1. A community psychologist is interested in whether spending time in after-school
programs is predictive of the number of arrests as a young adult in a high-risk
neighborhood. After collecting records on 17 individuals over 8 years, the psychologist
compiles the information listed in the table below. Conduct a linear regression to analyze
the research question.
return to the “Data View” to enter the data. (3 pts)
Table is shown on the following page.
Hours Spent in After-School Programs
Number of Arrests After Age 17
3
2
41
1

68
1
29
0
7
5
12
4
121
0
54
1
19
3
134
0
106
1
67
1
25
3

73
1
38
4
110
0
31
3
2. Construct a scatterplot of the relationship between the 2 variables. Plot the
regression line on this graph. (3 pts)
3. Is time spent in after-school programs predictive of the number of arrests as a
young adult? Write a Results section in current APA style describing the outcome. All
homework “Results sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content
not have to refer to a figure). The statistical statement for a bivariate linear regression
must include at least the equation of the line and the confidence interval for the slope (the
second row under Confidence Intervals in the output). (3 pts)
1. To investigate the relationship between hours spent studying and exam scores,
researchers measured the following. Is there a significant relationship between hours
spent studying and scores? Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the
SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table on the following
page.

Hours Spent Studying
Exam Scores
1
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8
40
50
51
61
73

71
64
75
68
76
94
85
84
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (3 pts)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (3 pts)
3. Write a Results section in current APA style describing the outcome. All homework
“Results sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content document
“Writing Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (Note: you do not have to
refer to a figure). (4 pts)
==================================

Chi Square
Part 1:
1. Use the method reviewed in the presentation to weight the cases for this data set.
(no points—done in data file)
2. Do a, b, and c. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)
3. ---------- (2 pts)
NOTE: This exercise does not use the weighted cases method. Use the data file “as is.”
1. Do a, b, c, d, and e. For letter “e,” this question is asking specifically about effect
size. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–e)
2. ---------- (2 pts)
Part 2:

1. An industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologist is helping a company determine the
type of work stations preferred by its employees. The business owner believes that people
who work in different departments may prefer different work station layouts. In order to
examine this claim, the I/O psychologist sets up 3 simulated work stations: private office
(PO), semi-private office (SPO), and open floor plan (OFP). She recruits employees from
3 different departments: Information Technology, Human Resources, and Marketing. The
participants spend 30 minutes in each simulated work station performing general pre-
arranged tasks. At the end of the 1.5 hours, the participants turn in a form on which they
mark which work station they prefer. The results are listed in the table on the following
page. Perform a chi square test of independence (using an SPSS two-way contingency
table analysis) to determine whether the proportions of work station preferences differ
across departments. Use the weighted cases method.
return to the “Data View” to enter the data. (2 pts)
Private Office
Semi-Private Office
Open Floor Plan
TOTAL
Information Technology
9
6
4
19
Human Resources
6

10
3
19
Marketing
7
3
9
19
TOTAL
22
19
16
57
2. Create a clustered bar graph depicting your results. (2 pts)
3. Write an APA-style Results section describing the outcome. All homework “Results
sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content document “Writing
Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (Note: you do not have to refer to a
figure). (2 pts)
1. A researcher wants to find out if the number of absences from a chemistry class are
predictive of final exam scores at a local university. The data from the past term are in the
table below. Are number of absences predictive of final exam scores? Choose the correct
test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow the
directions on the following page.

Number of Absences
Final Exam Scores
1
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
98
95
89
89
80

85
80
75
76
69
70
62
60
3. Write an APA-style Results section describing the outcome. All homework “Results
sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content document “Writing
Results of Statistical Tests in Current APA Format” (Note: you do not have to refer to a
figure). (2 pts)
=================================

Nonparametric Tests
Part 1:
1. Green & Salkind: Lesson 42, Exercises 1, 3–4
1. This research scenario will be familiar to you. Do letters a, b, and c, answering the
questions beneath your SPSS output. (3 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)
3. Create a boxplot as done in earlier modules/weeks. (3 pts)
2. Spearman Rho Exercise: This exercise is not found in Green & Salkind. Open the data
file “Mod8_SpearmanRho_Exercise File” in the Module/Week 8 SPSS Assignments
folder in Blackboard and read the following information; answer the questions below.
Scenario: During the Vietnam War, a draft was put in place that selected young men born
on certain dates and placed them in the armed services. The process proceeded via
lottery: Dates like “Sept. 14” were placed in capsules, one for each of the 365 days of the
year, and the capsules were then drawn randomly from a container. In the 1970 draft,
Sept. 14 was the first date drawn, meaning that all young men born on Sept. 14 were
eligible for the very first round of the draft, and so on. After the results of the 1970 draft
were analyzed, many statisticians and politicians asserted that the process had not been
random at all, and certain men had a higher chance of being drafted than others. This case
is famous, making it to the pages of international newspapers and the U.S. Supreme
Court.
In the SPSS data file in Blackboard, you will find the original 1970 draft data with two
variables. Column 1 contains the consecutive day of the year (1 = Jan. 1; 2 = Jan. 2; and
so on). Column 2 contains the draft rank (1 = first date drawn; 2 = second date drawn;
and so on). So, in the first row of the data set, Day 1 (Jan. 1) had a draft rank of 305. The
lower the draft rank, the sooner and more likely a man was to be drafted. So, a higher

rank (like 305, for example) was preferable to those who did not want to be drafted right
away.
If the process had been statistically random, there would be no correlation between the
day of the year you were born and the rank that was assigned to you (r = 0). Any type of
significant correlation would mean that there was something relating the variables
beyond mere random error, or chance.
1. Open the data file and perform a Spearman correlation analysis for the day of year and
the draft rank. Paste your output in the homework document. (2 pts)
2. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. (2 pts)
3. Answer the next two questions in “layman’s terms” as if for someone who does not
know much about statistics: (a) Why did people accuse the process of not being random?
(b) What do the data indicate for men born earlier in the year vs. men born later in the
year? (2 pts)
It’s not required, but if you want to check out the original New York Times article and
see an interesting graph
Part 2:
1. A university assessment department collects data to determine whether class ranking
differs between male and female students. Based on the top 12 males and top 12 females
of the senior class, is there a difference between genders on where they are ranked in
their class? Perform a Mann-Whitney U test, being sure to follow the directions on the
following page. (3 pts)
Male
Female
2
5
7

10
11
13
15
16
18
21
23
24
1
3
4
6
8
9
12
14

17
19
20
22
Note: Your file must be set up in the same manner as the example data file and the
exercise file from Part 1 with a grouping variable and a dependent/test variable. Because
these are class rankings, they are ordinal data and must be identified as such in “Variable
View” under the column “Measure.” Click in the cell under “Measure” in the row for
your class rank variable and choose “Ordinal.” This ensures that SPSS treats the data at
the proper level of measurement.
2. Create a boxplot depicting the results. (3 pts)
3. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. All homework
“results sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content document

1. An organizational psychologist wants to find out if job satisfaction ratings differ as a
function of department (human resources, sales, and research and development) and/or
time of shift (early, late). Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS
file, and run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
Early shift
Human Resources
Sales
Research and Development
10
16
12
16
9
19
21
16
18
17
21
18
14

Late shift
14
13
8
12
12
17
12
14
9
10
12
15
19
14

3. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. All homework
“results sections” must follow the example given in the Course Content document
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of Module/Week 8.
=================================
PSYC 355 Week 8 SPSS HomeWork
Nonparametric Tests
Part 1:
1. Green & Salkind: Lesson 42, Exercises 1, 3–4
1. This research scenario will be familiar to you. Do letters a, b, and c, answering the
questions beneath your SPSS output. (3 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)

3. Create a boxplot as done in earlier modules/weeks. (3 pts)
2. Spearman Rho Exercise: This exercise is not found in Green & Salkind. Open the
data file “Mod8_SpearmanRho_Exercise File” in the Module/Week 8 SPSS Assignments
folder in Blackboard and read the following information; answer the questions below.
Scenario: During the Vietnam War, a draft was put in place that selected young men born
on certain dates and placed them in the armed services. The process proceeded via
lottery: Dates like “Sept. 14” were placed in capsules, one for each of the 365 days of the
year, and the capsules were then drawn randomly from a container. In the 1970 draft,
Sept. 14 was the first date drawn, meaning that all young men born on Sept. 14 were
eligible for the very first round of the draft, and so on. After the results of the 1970 draft
were analyzed, many statisticians and politicians asserted that the process had not been
random at all, and certain men had a higher chance of being drafted than others. This case
is famous, making it to the pages of international newspapers and the U.S. Supreme
Court.
In the SPSS data file in Blackboard, you will find the original 1970 draft data with two
variables. Column 1 contains the consecutive day of the year (1 = Jan. 1; 2 = Jan. 2; and
so on). Column 2 contains the draft rank (1 = first date drawn; 2 = second date drawn;
and so on). So, in the first row of the data set, Day 1 (Jan. 1) had a draft rank of 305. The
lower the draft rank, the sooner and more likely a man was to be drafted. So, a higher
rank (like 305, for example) was preferable to those who did not want to be drafted right
away.
If the process had been statistically random, there would be no correlation between the
day of the year you were born and the rank that was assigned to you (r = 0). Any type of
significant correlation would mean that there was something relating the variables
beyond mere random error, or chance.
1. Open the data file and perform a Spearman correlation analysis for the day of year
and the draft rank. Paste your output in the homework document. (2 pts)

2. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. (2 pts)
3. Answer the next two questions in “layman’s terms” as if for someone who does not
know much about statistics: (a) Why did people accuse the process of not being random?
(b) What do the data indicate for men born earlier in the year vs. men born later in the
year? (2 pts)
It’s not required, but if you want to check out the original New York Times article and
see an interesting graph,
Part 2:
1. A university assessment department collects data to determine whether university
rankings differ based on their regional location. Some rankings are missing because the
universities ranked at that level were in different regions than those of interest to the
department. Based on eight universities in each of two different regions, is there a
difference between university rankings based on their regional locations? Perform a
Mann-Whitney U test, being sure to follow the directions under the table. (3 pts)
West Coast
East Coast
2
5
6
12
16
17

18
19
1
3
4
7
8
10
13
15
Note: Your file must be set up in the same manner as the example data file and the
exercise file from Part 1, with a grouping variable and a dependent/test variable. Because
these are rankings, they are ordinal data and must be identified as such in “Variable
View” under the column “Measure.” Click in the cell under “Measure” in the row for

your university rank variable, and choose “Ordinal.” This ensures that SPSS treats the
data at the proper level of measurement.
2. Create a boxplot depicting the results. (3 pts)
pts)
1. A political pollster is curious about the effects of a town hall meeting on people’s
intentions to support a state proposition that would legalize gambling. He interviews
people as they leave and asks them whether their opinion about the proposition has
changed as a result of the meeting. He records these frequencies in the table below.
Choose the appropriate test to analyze this data, and follow the directions below the table.
Less likely to support
No change
More likely to support
25

12
9
pts)
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of Module/Week 8.
=================================

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