Psyc 355 Effective Communication - tutorialrank.com

PSYC 355 Exam 1
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Exam 1 Psych 355
3. A p level of 0.05 corresponds to a confidence level of __________%
4. In a within-groups design where one group is measured twice over
time, the appropriate hypothesis test is an:
7. Why do we divide by N-1 rather than by N when estimating a
population standard deviation from the sample standard deviation?
8. The paired-samples t test has three assumptions, including all but:
9. We have learned three t tests, including all of the following except
10. The single-sample t test compares a sample mean to a population
mean when:
12. According to the null hypothesis, the mean difference for the
comparison distribution in a paired-samples t test is:
13. For an independent-samples t test, there were 14 participants in
Group 1 and 17 participants in Group 2. The total degrees of freedom
were:

14. A researcher conducts a single-sample t test and finds statistical
significance at the 0.01 level. The effect size is then calculated and
found to be 0.04. What might you conclude about the findings?
16. In an ______, one sample is compared to a population for which we
only know the mean during hypothesis testing.
22. The critical cutoffs for a two-tailed, paired-samples t test with seven
participants at a p level of 0.01 are:
24. Researchers were interested in whether relaxation training decreases
the number of headaches a person experiences. They randomly assigned
20 participants to a control group or a relaxation training group and
noted the change in number of headaches each group reported from the
week before training to the week after training. The dependent variable
in this study is:
27. A clinical researcher was interested in determining whether his
interventions were effective in minimizing depression symptoms among
his participants. The assess the effectiveness of his treatment program,
he administered a depression inventory prior to his treatment and after
his treatment. He hypothesized that depression scores would lower at a
time two compared to time one. He then compared the mean differences
between the two groups and found that his treatment was effective. The
dependent variable in this study is:
28. To determine our critical values or cutoffs for an independent-
samples t test, we use:
29. The formula H0: U1 = Uz is used to represent the:
30. Following are the results of an independent-samples t test: t(18) = -
2.11, p<0.05. In the current example, the degrees of freedom are:

34. A researcher investigates if the extent to which people care abuot
keeping their house clean and neat changes if they are given new things
in that home. He follows eight families that were selected to receive
home makeovers, assessing their cleanliness before the makeover and
after. Given the following confidence interval [-1.26, 095], make a
decision about the hypothesis.
35. The formula for the null hypothesis for a paired-samples t test is:
36. Unnithan, Houser, and Fernhall (2006) were interested in whether
playing the game DDR affected the heart rate of overweight and
nonoverweight adolescents differently. A group of 22 adolescents, 10
classified as overweight and 12 as not overweight, played DDR for 12
minutes, during which time the researches measured each participants
heart rate. Which statistical test should the researchers use to analyze
their data?
37. The numerator (top portion) of the ratio for calculating all the t
statistics contains:
38. When scientists call a hypothesis test conservative, they mean that it
is:
39. the formula for the degrees of freedom for the dependent-samples t
test is:
40. In a paired-samples test, the comparison distribution of:
==============================================

PSYC 355 Lab Project Phase 2 Raw Data Scoring
Instructions
How to Create SPSS Data File
Open a new data file in SPSS. You will create a file containing 1
variable for each item on the survey (for a total of 10). You will score
each individual survey and enter the values into the appropriate column
of the SPSS data file for later analysis.
How to Score Survey and Enter Results into Data File
All questions on the survey except the last one are written as Likert-type
items, with choices ranging from ―Strongly agree‖ to ―Strongly
disagree.‖ In order to enter these into the data file for analysis, each of
the answer choices will be given a corresponding score ranging from 1
to 5. NOTE: It is important to pay attention to the following directions,
as some of the items will be reverse-scored (see below).
1. Gather your completed surveys. It will be necessary to enter data
fromeach individual survey into SPSS. If you have used the online
method, you must follow these steps to access each individual survey:
Sign into your account and go to ―My Surveys.‖ Your survey title will
appear with 3 icons to the right: Design, Collect, and Analyze. Click on

the pie graph under ―Analyze.‖ This will take you to a Response
Summary page.
On the menu bar to the left, click on ―Browse Responses.‖ This allows
you to view each individual survey, which is necessary in order to enter
and analyze data in SPSS. Within ―Browse Responses,‖ you can move
from one individual survey to the next by clicking on the ―Next‖ and
―Prev‖ arrow buttons at the top.
2. All items on the survey will be scored from 1 to 5 except for item 10.
You will enter the scores for each survey into your SPSS data file under
the corresponding variable, case by case. If you have 10 surveys, you
will have 10 cases (rows); if you have 25 surveys, 25 cases (rows), etc.
Scores for items 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 9 are as follows:
Strongly agree = 5
Agree = 4
Neither agree nor disagree = 3
Disagree = 2
Strongly disagree = 1
Scores for items 4 and 6 are reversed. This is because, in opposition to
the other items, these items indicate a fundamentally different
worldview than the Christian worldview, so the scoring must be
reversed; this allows higher scores on all items to reflect an
understanding of Christian doctrine, while lower scores indicate
misunderstanding or disagreement. This is a method commonly used in
survey research.

Scores for items 4 and 6 are as follows:
Strongly agree = 1
Agree = 2
Neither agree nor disagree = 3
Disagree = 4
Strongly disagree = 5
For item 10, you will simply enter the exact number that the respondent
filled in on the survey (for example, 10 or 63, etc.) under the appropriate
variable in the SPSS data file.
3. Remember that the original research question is about the relationship
between church attendance and understanding of Christian doctrine. We
have one variable that represents church attendance (item 10), but we do
not have one sole variable to compare it to—a total score that represents
doctrinal understanding. Based on what you have learned, how do you
think we should create this variable?
Answer: After you have entered all of your survey data, create a new
variable called Tot_Und (which is shorthand for ―total understanding‖).
Define this variable as the sum of items 1–9; see Lesson 19 in Green
&Salkind (2011) to review this procedure.
Refer to the ―Lab Project Overview and Instructions‖ in addition to this
document when completing this phase.
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week
4.
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PSYC 355 Lab Project Phase 3 SPSS Output
Lab Project Phase 3: SPSS Output Instructions
After completing Phase 2 of the Lab Project, you now have 2 important
variables in relation to your research question: a score representing
understanding of Christian doctrine, and a variable representing amount
of church attendance. It is time for you to decide how to analyze the
data! Think about what the research question is asking, and think about
your 2 important variables. Then think about the methods that you have
learned over the past several weeks. Which statistical test is the best
choice for this particular situation? There is a ―right‖ answer to this
question, so think carefully and review your text and notes if necessary.
Once you have decided on which test is the best, you can run the
analysis just as you did in your SPSS homework assignments. You are
required to turn in the output file for your analysis and the related SPSS
generated graph (also covered in SPSS homework assignments). You do
not need to interpret these results, as this will be done in Phase 4 (APA
Results section).

Refer to the ―Lab Project Overview and Instructions‖ in addition to this
document when completing this phase.
6.
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PSYC 355 SPSS CUMULATIVE ASSESSMENT
SPSS Cumulative Assessment Instructions
The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5 tests
you have learned so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test,
independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, or two-way ANOVA.
Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS data file, just as
you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework assignment. There is
only 1 correct choice of analysis for each question. The assessment is
open-book/open-notes.

For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must
include: A) the output and an appropriate graph from SPSS; B) a
statistical statement (i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p = .049); and C) a sentence
summarizing the results (i.e., ―There was a significant difference
between the two groups on the variable…‖ or ―There was no significant
difference…‖).
For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make statements
for all main effects and interaction effects. Use the Fisher LSD test for
any analyses requiring post hoc tests.
5.
1. An entrepreneur claims that he has developed a program that can
increase the IQ of adolescent students. To test this claim, a psychologist
administers the WISC (an IQ score for children) to a group of students
before and after completing the training program. Analyze the data to
test the entrepreneur’s claim. (16 pts)
Student IQ before IQ after
1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 103
85
94
106
74
98
83
93
103
96

109
115
86
122
112
126
118
72 99
89
90
108
74
99
80
99
107
93
111
117
83
122

120
131
116
74
2. The staff at a local psychiatric facility wants to determine whether
implementing a No Smoking rule significantly decreases the length of
stay of inpatients. In order to test this claim, they compared the length of
stay of patients admitted before a No Smoking rule was implemented to
another group of patients admitted after the No Smoking rule was
implemented. Evaluate the claim that the average length of stay was
significantly shorter for the group admitted after the facility
implemented the rule. (16 pts)
Smoking Allowed No Smoking
8
5
2
5
8
6
4

14 7
15
12
8
4
13
10
8 5
10
7
8
2
3
2
4 4
8
4
5
2
4
6

7
3. Depressed patients are randomly assigned to 1 of 3 therapists. At the
end of 3 months, each patient completes a standardized test of
depression (higher scores indicate higher level of depression). The
patients’ scores are shown below. Analyze the data to determine how
effective these 3 therapists are at treating depression (assume that before
the treatment, all 3 groups of patients had the same average depression
score). (16 pts)
Therapist 1 Therapist 2 Therapist 3
35
37
35
37
36
33
39 36
37
37
31
39
35

32 29
32
25
28
33
30
32
4. In light of all the weight loss misinformation and fad diets, a medical
researcher determines to evaluate several of them. She randomly assigns
volunteers (identified as clinically obese) to 1 of 4 diets. She is a firm
believer in the benefits of exercise, so she also assigns them to either the
exercise or no exercise group. After 3 months, she compares the pounds
lost for each condition. Was there a significant effect of the diets and
exercise on weight loss? (16 pts)
Exercise Low Carb South Beach Adkins Weight
Watchers
26
28

30
25
20 28
22
18
25
21
24
29
28
28
30
25
26
No
Exercise 15
20
18
18

12
15
15 17
19
28
25
21
34
25
30
28
5. Infants exposed to cocaine in their mother’s womb are thought to be
at high risk for major birth defects. Thirteen infants born to mothers who
are addicted to cocaine are administered the Brazelton Neonatal
Assessment 1 day after birth. For these babies, their scores were as
follows:
Brazelton Scores
6.25
4.50
8.50

5.50
3.00
7.90
7.50
5.30
6.80
7.50
5.25
7.45
6.80
For the general population, babies normally score an 8.5. Is this group of
babies significantly lower than normal? (16 pts)
==============================================
PSYC 355 Week 1 SPSS Homework 1

SPSS Homework 1 Instructions
Single-Sample t-Tests and Paired-Sample t-Tests
Part 1:
Note that for all problems in this course, the standard cutoff for a test of
significance will be p < .05 unless otherwise noted in the problem.
Homework files are found in Blackboard Course Content > Syllabus and
Assignment Instructions > Assignment Instructions > SPSS Homework
1 > SPSS Homework Files (select the particular number for the
module/week you are working on). Always use the Blackboard files
instead of the files on the Green &Salkind website as some files have
been modified for the purposes of this course.
1. Single-Sample t-Test: Based on Green &Salkind - Lesson 22,
Exercises 1–4 (Mod1_Lesson 22 Exercise File 1), but follow the
instructions below instead.
A total score variable is included in the data file in Blackboard
(―tot_score‖), so you do not have to compute it. Use this variable as your
dependent variable.
The test value for the single-sample t-test is 2 (1/4 of 8, or the score
which a student would achieve by chance). Use 2 as the test value when
running the analysis for this exercise.
Conduct a single-sample t-test on the total score variable. Paste the
output into your Word document and type in the answers to the
following questions underneath the output: (2 pts for output)

Mean algebra score (2 pts)
t-test value (2 pts)
p value (significance) of the test (2 pts)
Write a Results section in current APA style based on your analyses. (3
pts)
Create a histogram that demonstrates the distribution of scores. Be sure
to correctly label the X and Y axes. (3 pts)
2. Green &Salkind: Lesson 23, Exercises 6–8: (Lesson 23, Exercise File
1)
The following helpful tips are numbered to correspond with the exercise
number to which they refer within the Green &Salkind text:
Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states,
write them into your Word file as written answers for #6 a, b, c, and d.
(2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–d)
All homework ―Results sections‖ must follow the example given in the
Course Content document ―Writing Results of Statistical Tests in
Current APA Format‖ (Note: you do not have to refer to a figure). (4
pts)
You will create the boxplot here instead of in the Results section. (2 pts)
Part 2:
A counseling psychologist administers an interview assessment that
screens for possible internet addiction to his adolescent clients who live
in a rural area. He assumes that children in this area may exhibit
higherscores than children in the general population, who normally score

a 25on a scale of 1–100. The table below shows the scores the counselor
has collected.
Using the table, enter the data into a new SPSS file and conduct a single
sample t-test to evaluate whether or not these adolescents scored higher
than the general population.
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part
One of the assignment—the only difference is that you are now
responsible for creating the data file as well. Remember to name and
define your variables under the ―Variable View,‖ then return to the
―Data View‖ to enter the data.
Paste SPSS output (2 pts)
Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
homework ―Results sections‖ should follow the example given in the
SPSS tutorials and the Course Content document ―Writing Results of
Statistical Tests in APA Format‖ (note: you do not have to refer to a
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (3
pts)
Create a histogram that demonstrates the distribution of scores. Be sure
to correctly label the X and Y axes. (2 pts)
2. A clinical psychologist is studying the differences in the number of
Facebook® friends between identical twins raised apart. She believes
that twins raised in different environments will have differences in the
number of friends, which would help point to the influence of
environmental factors over inherited factors on social outcomes. She
divides the twins into two groups (―Twin 1‖ and ―Twin 2‖), collects the
data and creates the table below.

Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run a
paired-samples t test to test the claim that the identical twins raised apart
will have a significantly different number of Facebook® friends.
a) Paste SPSS output (2 pts)
b) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analysis. All
homework ―Results sections‖ must follow the example given in the
pts)
c) Create a boxplot comparing the twins’ scores. Be sure to correctly
label the X and Y axes. (2 pts)
1.
==============================================

Independent Samples t-Tests
Part 1:
Green &Salkind: Lesson 24, Exercises 1–5
number to which they refer:
1. Type these values out underneath your copied and pasted output. (3
pts)
2. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states,
write them in your Word file as written answers for #2 a, b, and c. (3 pts,
1 point for each letter)
3. The effect size statistic must be computed by hand (or calculator). Use
the second ―easier‖ formula for d, found in the section on Effect Size
Statistics in this lesson. (3 pts)
4. All homework ―Results sections‖ must follow the example given in
the Course Content document ―Writing Results of Statistical Tests in
pts)
5. Create a boxplot (not an error bar graph) using the following steps
(covered also in Lesson 21). (3 pts)

Go to Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Boxplot > Select ―Simple‖ > Select
―Summaries for Groups of Cases‖
Click ―Define‖ and Variable = ―Time Spent‖ (this is your dependent
variable) and Category Axis = ―Weight‖ (this is your independent, or
grouping, variable)
Click OK
Part 2:
1. A learning psychologist is interested in comparing the success of 2
different mnemonics (memorization methods) on performance in a
memory task. He assigns students to two groups, one which learns and
uses a language-based rhyming memory technique, and one which learns
and uses a visual ―method of loci‖ spatial memory technique. He then
administers a memory task to each group of students. The students are
scored based on the percentage of correct answers. Using the table
below, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and use an independent-
samples t test to analyze the claim that the two mnemonic styles are
different.
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part 1
of the assignment—the only difference is that you are now responsible
for creating the data file as well. Remember to name and define your
variables under the ―Variable View,‖ then return to the ―Data View‖ to
enter the data. (3 for output)
Table is shown on following page.
Language-Based 82
89
67

94
76
63
89
84
93
Spatially-Based
93
78
99
87
78
62
87
91
95

2. Create a boxplot illustrating the differences between the two methods
of language learning. (3)
3. Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. (4)
Part 3: Cumulative Homework
1. The effects of a new faith-based anxiety treatment program are
studied in a group of elderly patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
(GAD). One of the outcome measures is the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory
(GAI) (Pachana et al., 2007), a measure with possible scores from 0–20,
with higher scores indicating higher anxiety. A large group of elderly
patients completed the GAI before treatment. Fifteen patients with GAI
scores of 10 or higher were chosen to participate in the study. The
patients underwent the treatment program and completed the GAI at the
end of treatment. The scores are listed below. Do the elderly patients
exhibit lessened anxiety, as demonstrated by their GAI scores, after
participating in the faith-based treatment program? Choose the correct

test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis.
Follow the directions under the table below.
GAI Score Before Treatment GAI Score After Treatment
10
12
17
13
10
13
16
11
11
15
18
11
11
14
15 7
11
12

14
9
10
12
11
13
13
17
9
13
10
12
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (5)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (5)

This assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week
2.
==============================================
SPSS HOMEWORK 3 INSTRUCTIONS
ONE-WAY ANOVA
Part 1:
number to which they refer (a dash indicates that no tips are needed):
1. Use Tukey’s test as the post hoc test for ANOVAs in PSYC 355. Be
sure to check this box when you run analyses. For letters a–d, instead of
identifying these values on your output, as the text states, write them
into your Word file as written answers for #1 a, b, c, and d. (2 pts for
output and 2 pts each for a–d)

2. ---------- (3 pts)
3. Remember to put your dependent variable in the ―variable‖ box, and
your independent, or grouping, variables in the ―category axis‖ box. (3
pts)
Part 2:
1. Twenty-four adults who have been diagnosed with social anxiety
disorder are randomly assigned to one of 3 group therapy conditions in
order to improve their social skills: manualized cognitive-behavioral
therapy (MCBT), non-manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy
(NMCBT), and talk therapy (T). Following two months of therapy, the
participants are assessed on a standardized measure of social skills. On
this instrument, scores range from 0–45, and higher scores indicate
better or improved social skills, while lower scores indicate social skills
that need improvement. These scores are shown in the table below.
Conduct a one-way ANOVA to determine how effective these 3 therapy
conditions are at improving social skills.
enter the data. (3)
MCBT 29, 32, 26, 33, 32, 37, 30, 38
NMCBT 31, 30, 28, 26, 31, 27, 29, 27

T 25, 20, 24, 26, 26, 30, 27, 25
2. What is the F ratio for the therapy group main effect? (3)
3. What is the effect size for the overall effect of therapy type on social
skills scores? According to general conventions, is this effect small,
medium, or large? (3)
1. A researcher wanted to investigate whether there was a difference in
satisfaction ratings in an assisted living facility between residents who
had a plant to take care of vs. those who did not have a plant. Due to
relocations during the study, 3 participants were dropped from the ―No
Plant‖ group. The researcher then administered a scale asking them to
rate their overall satisfaction with the facility. Did having a plant have an
impact on the residents’ overall satisfaction levels? Choose the correct
test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis.
Follow the directions under the table below (on next page).

Plant
47
42
35
46
49
39
40
46
52
40
No Plant
30
25
24
42
28
25

40
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (4)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (4)
3.
==============================================

Two-Way ANOVA
Part One:
Note: For the two-way ANOVA, you will be expected to create a line
graph as covered in the SPSS tutorial in the Course Content (and not a
boxplot as in the textbook). This applies to future cumulative questions
as well.
Green &Salkind: Lesson 26, Exercises 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8
1. Instead of identifying these values on your output, as the text states,
please write them into your Word file as written answers for #1 a, b, c,
and d. (2 pts for output; a-d = 2 pts each)
4. Produce a line graph instead of a boxplot for this problem. Follow
directions in course SPSS tutorial for setting up a line graph. (2 pts)
5. ------- (2 pts)
6. ------- (2 pts)
7. All homework ―Results sections‖ should follow the example given in
APA Format‖ (note: you do not have to refer to a figure). (2 pts)

8. Produce a line graph instead of a boxplot for this problem. Follow
directions in course SPSS tutorial for setting up a line graph. (2 pts)
Part Two:
1. A health psychologist is interested in the effects of exercise on stress
in people who regularly exercise. Specifically, she is interested in the
type of exercise as well as the time of day that the individual exercises.
She recruits participants from a local health club who regularly
participate in one of three types of exercise: swimming, aerobics, and
tennis. She further divides these participants by whether they exercise in
the morning or the evening. She then administers a questionnaire to each
individual assessing their self-reported stress level. (HIGHER SCORE =
HIGHER STRESS). Conduct a two-way ANOVA to analyze these data.
Use Tukey’s test in order to conduct any necessary post hoc analyses if
there are significant main effects. You do not have to follow up on
significant interactions at this time.
Morning Swimming Aerobics Tennis
10

16
12
16
9 19
21
16
18
17
21
18
14
Evening 14
13
8
12
12 17
12
14

9
10 12
15
19
14
1. SPSS output (2 pts, -1 pt if no post hoc test)
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis.For
the two-way ANOVA, be sure to include statistical statements
concerning the F ratios and p values for both main effects and the
interaction, and interpretation statements about all 3 of these effects. (2)
3. Is there a significant interaction effect? (2)
4. Based on your results, is there one type of exercise that seems more
effective in reducing stress than the others? Remember that higher
scores = higher stress. (2)

1. An investigator in child development research is studying whether
parenting styles have an effect on second grade students’ behavior at
school. She interviews 25 volunteer families from the same class and
separates them into three groups of parenting styles: authoritarian (n =
8); authoritative (n = 8); and permissive (n = 7). Their teacher fills out a
behavior inventory for each of the 25 children, and the investigator
collects and scores them. The scores are contained in the table below.
The scores can range from 0–20, and a higher score indicates more
behavior problems. Is there a significant difference between the groups?
Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and
run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
Authoritarian 8, 13, 4, 6, 5, 4, 9,12,
Authoritative 8, 5, 6, 4, 2, 5, 10, 13
Permissive 10, 8, 11, 9, 8, 3, 15
Paste appropriate SPSS output. (4)
Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (4)
Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All

==============================================
PSYC 355 Week 5 SPSS Cumulative Assessment
SPSS Cumulative Assessment Instructions
The following research questions can be answered using 1 of the 5 tests
you have learned so far: single-sample t-test, paired-samples t-test,
independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, or two-way ANOVA.
Use the information in the tables to construct your SPSS data file, just as
you have been doing in Part 2 of each homework assignment. There is
only 1 correct choice of analysis for each question, and note that some
tests are 1-tailed and some are 2-tailed. The assessment is open-
book/open-notes.
For each problem involving a test of significance, your answer must
include: A) SPSS output; B) an appropriate graph from SPSS; C) a
Results section in current APA style including a statistical statement

(i.e., t(19) = 1.79, p = .049); a sentence summarizing the results ―in
English‖ (i.e., ―There was a significant difference between the two
groups on the variable…‖ or ―There was no significant difference…‖);
and a decision about the null hypothesis.
For ANOVA problems: Report statistical findings and make statements
for all main effects and interaction effects. Use Tukey’s test for any
analyses requiring post hoc tests.
5.
1. Children who experience chronic pain as a result of medical
procedures are the focus of a psychiatrist’s study. Specifically, the
psychiatrist wants to measure whether a new program helps decrease
feelings of chronic pain in the short-term. He measures children’s self-
reports of pain levels before treatment on a standardized scale with a
range of 0–10, with 10 being the most severe. He then administers the
new program, and measures children’s pain levels after treatment. Does
the new treatment decrease self-reported levels of chronic pain? (16 pts)
2. A health psychologist in a northern climate wants to evaluate the
claim that UV lamps help lower depressive symptoms in middle-aged
women. She recruits volunteers who meet the criteria for clinical
depression and assigns them to two groups: one group receives a
standard treatment for depression and undergoes a half hour of UV lamp
therapy each day; the other group receives the same standard treatment
for depression but without UV lamp therapy. At the end of two months,
she administers a depression inventory where lower scores indicate
fewer depressive symptoms (lower levels of depression). Assume all
other variables are controlled for in the study. Evaluate the claim that

depression treatment plus the UV lamp results in lower depression
scores than depression treatment alone. (16 pts)
3. As part of a new prevention program, a clinical psychologist wants to
see whether feelings of alienation differ as a function of immigration
status in a local high school. She divides volunteer students into three
categories: first-generation immigrants, second-generation immigrants,
and non-immigrants. She then administers an instrument assessing
feelings of alienation, where higher scores indicate stronger feelings of
alienation from peers, adults, and society in general. Is there a difference
in alienation scores among these three groups? (16 pts)
4. In response to media reports of violence on college campuses, a
psychologist who works at a local community college decides to study
students’ perceptions of campus safety. He hopes to use these results to
help develop an on-campus violence prevention program. The
administration has asked him additionally to look at whether perceptions
of safety differ depending on students’ year in school and gender. The
psychologist administers a questionnaire with possible scores ranging
from 1–70, with higher scores indicating higher perceptions of safety on
campus, and lower scores indicating perceptions that the campus is less
safe. Based on the data collected below, do year in school and/or gender
have an effect on perceptions of campus safety? (16 pts)
5. A cross-cultural psychologist living in an overseas, non-Western rural
area has a background studying culture bias in traditional psychological
testing procedures. She contends that members of a rural community
who normally score lower than average on traditional Western-style IQ
tests will score better than the general population on a new test that
emphasizes practical and social intelligence. Scores on the test can range
from 1-100. She recruits 18 volunteers and administers the new test.
Their scores are as follows:

==============================================
SPSS HOMEWORK 5 INSTRUCTIONS CORRELATION
Part 1:
1. ---------- (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)
2. Answer this question in sentence form. Include the correlation (r) and
degrees of freedom, the p value, and whether these values indicate a
significant correlation between the variables or not. (2 pts)
pts)

4. ---------- (2 pts)
Part 2:
1. A clinical psychologist would like to determine whether there is a
relationship between observer ratings of children’s externalizing
behaviors and scores on an established diagnostic interview assessing
externalizing disorders (like ADHD, CD, etc.). He administers the
diagnostic interview to 28 children and records these scores. He then
trains an observer to independently rate carefully-defined externalizing
behaviors for each of the 28 children. These scores are totaled for an
overall ―externalizing behavior index.‖ On both the interview and the
behavioral ratings, a higher score indicates higher levels of externalizing
behavior. These scores are listed in the table below. Conduct a Pearson
correlation coefficient analysis to determine whether there is a
relationship between the interview scores and behavioral ratings for this
group of children.
―Data View‖ to enter the data
a) SPSS output (2 pts)
b) Create a simple scatterplot of the relationship between these variables
(define interview scores as the x-axis and behavioral ratings as the y-
axis). (2)
c) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All

figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. For a
correlation analysis, also be sure to include the direction of the
relationship between the variables (positive? negative? none?) in your
section. (2)
2. A neuropsychologist is assessing the relationship between brain
function and performance on a visuo-spatial task. He administers a test
to 14 patients on which scores can range from 1 to 20: a high score
indicates normal brain function, and a low score indicates some levels of
brain dysfunction. He then asks each patient to complete a maze and
records the number of mistakes the patient makes from start to finish.
The scores are listed in the table below. Conduct a Pearson correlation
coefficient analysis to determine what the relationship is, if any, between
brain function and performance on the maze task.
enter the data.
a) SPSS output (2)
b) Create a simple scatterplot of the relationship between these variables.
(2)
c) Write a current APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. For a
correlation analysis, also be sure to include the direction of the

relationship between the variables (positive? negative? none?) in your
section. (2)
Part 3:
Cumulative Homework
1. A developmental psychologist is studying whether students in a
certain preschool program perform better than preschoolers in the state
in general on a measure of reading readiness. The mean score for
preschoolers in the state on the measure is 83. The psychologist tests the
preschoolers in the program and records the scores in the table below.
Choose the correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and
run the analysis. Follow the directions under the table below
a) Paste appropriate SPSS output. (3)
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (2)
c) Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
2. In a study of the relationship between girls’ playtime activities and
self-esteem, 16 girls in a fourth-grade class are selected and randomly
assigned to one of two groups. One group plays with a selection of
Barbie™ dolls for one hour, and the other group plays with a selection
of toy animal figures. At the end of the hour, the girls are given a verbal
interview designed to measure self-esteem. Scores range from 1–12, and

higher scores = higher feelings of self-esteem. Is there a significant
difference between the groups on feelings of self-esteem? Choose the
correct test to analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the
analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
a) Paste appropriate SPSS output. (2)
b) Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (2)
c) Write an APA-style Results section based on your analyses. All
figure). Remember to include a decision about the null hypothesis. 2)
5.
==============================================

Prediction: Bivariate Linear Regression
Part 1:
Note: The z-scoring method used in the practice data file is covered in
Lesson 19 during PSYC 354.
Green &Salkind: Lesson 33, Exercises 1, 3–4
1. Though the example in the lesson includes creating a z score variable,
this step is not necessary for the homework exercises. (3 pts for output
and 3 pts each for a–e)
2. Write the answer to the last part of this question beneath your graph,
in sentence form. (3 pts)
Current APA Format‖ (Note: you do not have to refer to a figure). Note:
The statistical statement for a bivariate linear regression must include at
least the equation of the line and the confidence interval for the slope
(the second row under Confidence Intervals in the output). (3 pts)
Part 2:
1. A community psychologist is interested in whether spending time in
after-school programs is predictive of the number of arrests as a young
adult in a high-risk neighborhood. After collecting records on 17

individuals over 8 years, the psychologist compiles the information
listed in the table below. Conduct a linear regression to analyze the
research question.
enter the data. (3 pts)
Table is shown on the following page.
Hours Spent in After-School Programs Number of Arrests After Age 17
3 2
41 1
68 1
29 0
7 5
12 4
121 0
54 1
19 3

134 0
106 1
67 1
25 3
73 1
38 4
110 0
31 3
2. Construct a scatterplot of the relationship between the 2 variables.
Plot the regression line on this graph. (3 pts)
3. Is time spent in after-school programs predictive of the number of
arrests as a young adult? Write a Results section in current APA style
describing the outcome. All homework ―Results sections‖ must follow
the example given in the Course Content document ―Writing Results of
Statistical Tests in Current APA Format‖ (Note: you do not have to refer
to a figure). The statistical statement for a bivariate linear regression
must include at least the equation of the line and the confidence interval
for the slope (the second row under Confidence Intervals in the output).
(3 pts)

1. To investigate the relationship between hours spent studying and
exam scores, researchers measured the following. Is there a significant
relationship between hours spent studying and scores? Choose the
analysis. Follow the directions under the table on the following page.
Hours Spent Studying Exam Scores
1
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
8 40

50
51
61
73
71
64
75
68
76
94
85
84
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output. (3 pts)
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph. (3 pts)
3. Write a Results section in current APA style describing the outcome.
All homework ―Results sections‖ must follow the example given in the
pts)

6.
==============================================
Chi Square
Part 1:
1. Use the method reviewed in the presentation to weight the cases for
this data set. (no points—done in data file)
2. Do a, b, and c. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–c)

3. ---------- (2 pts)
pts)
NOTE: This exercise does not use the weighted cases method. Use the
data file ―as is.‖
1. Do a, b, c, d, and e. For letter ―e,‖ this question is asking specifically
about effect size. (2 pts for output and 2 pts each for a–e)
2. ---------- (2 pts)
pts)
Part 2:
1. An industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologist is helping a company
determine the type of work stations preferred by its employees. The
business owner believes that people who work in different departments
may prefer different work station layouts. In order to examine this claim,
the I/O psychologist sets up 3 simulated work stations: private office
(PO), semi-private office (SPO), and open floor plan (OFP). She recruits
employees from 3 different departments: Information Technology,

Human Resources, and Marketing. The participants spend 30 minutes in
each simulated work station performing general pre-arranged tasks. At
the end of the 1.5 hours, the participants turn in a form on which they
mark which work station they prefer. The results are listed in the table
on the following page. Perform a chi square test of independence (using
an SPSS two-way contingency table analysis) to determine whether the
proportions of work station preferences differ across departments. Use
the weighted cases method.
enter the data. (2 pts)
Private Office Semi-Private Office Open Floor Plan TOTAL
Information Technology 9 6 4 19
Human Resources 6 10 3 19
Marketing 7 3 9 19
TOTAL 22 19 16 57
2. Create a clustered bar graph depicting your results. (2 pts)
3. Write an APA-style Results section describing the outcome. All
pts)

1. A researcher wants to find out if the number of absences from a
chemistry class are predictive of final exam scores at a local university.
The data from the past term are in the table below. Are number of
absences predictive of final exam scores? Choose the correct test to
analyze this question, set up the SPSS file, and run the analysis. Follow
the directions on the following page.
Number of Absences Final Exam Scores
1
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
7 98

95
89
89
80
85
80
75
76
69
70
62
60
3. Write an APA-style Results section describing the outcome. All
pts)

7.
==============================================
Nonparametric Tests
Part 1:
1. Green &Salkind: Lesson 42, Exercises 1, 3–4
1. This research scenario will be familiar to you. Do letters a, b, and c,
answering the questions beneath your SPSS output. (3 pts for output and
2 pts each for a–c)

pts)
3. Create a boxplot as done in earlier modules/weeks. (3 pts)
2. Spearman Rho Exercise: This exercise is not found in Green
&Salkind. Open the data file ―Mod8_SpearmanRho_Exercise File‖ in
the Module/Week 8 SPSS Assignments folder in Blackboard and read
the following information; answer the questions below.
Scenario: During the Vietnam War, a draft was put in place that selected
young men born on certain dates and placed them in the armed services.
The process proceeded via lottery: Dates like ―Sept. 14‖ were placed in
capsules, one for each of the 365 days of the year, and the capsules were
then drawn randomly from a container. In the 1970 draft, Sept. 14 was
the first date drawn, meaning that all young men born on Sept. 14 were
eligible for the very first round of the draft, and so on. After the results
of the 1970 draft were analyzed, many statisticians and politicians
asserted that the process had not been random at all, and certain men had
a higher chance of being drafted than others. This case is famous,
making it to the pages of international newspapers and the U.S. Supreme
Court.
In the SPSS data file in Blackboard, you will find the original 1970 draft
data with two variables. Column 1 contains the consecutive day of the
year (1 = Jan. 1; 2 = Jan. 2; and so on). Column 2 contains the draft rank
(1 = first date drawn; 2 = second date drawn; and so on). So, in the first
row of the data set, Day 1 (Jan. 1) had a draft rank of 305. The lower the
draft rank, the sooner and more likely a man was to be drafted. So, a

higher rank (like 305, for example) was preferable to those who did not
want to be drafted right away.
If the process had been statistically random, there would be no
correlation between the day of the year you were born and the rank that
was assigned to you (r = 0). Any type of significant correlation would
mean that there was something relating the variables beyond mere
random error, or chance.
1. Open the data file and perform a Spearman correlation analysis for the
day of year and the draft rank. Paste your output in the homework
document. (2 pts)
2. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. (2
pts)
3. Answer the next two questions in ―layman’s terms‖ as if for someone
who does not know much about statistics: (a) Why did people accuse the
process of not being random? (b) What do the data indicate for men born
earlier in the year vs. men born later in the year? (2 pts)
It’s not required, but if you want to check out the original New York
Times article and see an interesting graph
Part 2:
1. A university assessment department collects data to determine
whether class ranking differs between male and female students. Based
on the top 12 males and top 12 females of the senior class, is there a
difference between genders on where they are ranked in their class?
Perform a Mann-Whitney U test, being sure to follow the directions on
the following page. (3 pts)

Male Female
2
5
7
10
11
13
15
16
18
21
23
24
1
3
4
6
8

9
12
14
17
19
20
22
Note: Your file must be set up in the same manner as the example data
file and the exercise file from Part 1 with a grouping variable and a
dependent/test variable. Because these are class rankings, they are
ordinal data and must be identified as such in ―Variable View‖ under the
column ―Measure.‖ Click in the cell under ―Measure‖ in the row for
your class rank variable and choose ―Ordinal.‖ This ensures that SPSS
treats the data at the proper level of measurement.
2. Create a boxplot depicting the results. (3 pts)

3. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. All
homework ―results sections‖ must follow the example given in the
pts)
1. An organizational psychologist wants to find out if job satisfaction
ratings differ as a function of department (human resources, sales, and
research and development) and/or time of shift (early, late). Choose the
analysis. Follow the directions under the table below.
Early shift Human Resources Sales Research and Development
10
16
12
16
9 19
21
16
18
17
21

18
14
Late shift 14
13
8
12
12 17
12
14
9
10 12
15
19
14

3. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. All
homework ―results sections‖ must follow the example given in the
pts)
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of Module/Week
8.
==============================================
PSYC 355 Week 8 SPSS HomeWork
Nonparametric Tests
Part 1:
1. Green &Salkind: Lesson 42, Exercises 1, 3–4

1. This research scenario will be familiar to you. Do letters a, b, and c,
answering the questions beneath your SPSS output. (3 pts for output and
2 pts each for a–c)
pts)
3. Create a boxplot as done in earlier modules/weeks. (3 pts)
2. Spearman Rho Exercise: This exercise is not found in Green
&Salkind. Open the data file ―Mod8_SpearmanRho_Exercise File‖ in
the Module/Week 8 SPSS Assignments folder in Blackboard and read
the following information; answer the questions below.
Scenario: During the Vietnam War, a draft was put in place that selected
young men born on certain dates and placed them in the armed services.
The process proceeded via lottery: Dates like ―Sept. 14‖ were placed in
capsules, one for each of the 365 days of the year, and the capsules were
then drawn randomly from a container. In the 1970 draft, Sept. 14 was
the first date drawn, meaning that all young men born on Sept. 14 were
eligible for the very first round of the draft, and so on. After the results
of the 1970 draft were analyzed, many statisticians and politicians
asserted that the process had not been random at all, and certain men had

a higher chance of being drafted than others. This case is famous,
making it to the pages of international newspapers and the U.S. Supreme
Court.
In the SPSS data file in Blackboard, you will find the original 1970 draft
data with two variables. Column 1 contains the consecutive day of the
year (1 = Jan. 1; 2 = Jan. 2; and so on). Column 2 contains the draft rank
(1 = first date drawn; 2 = second date drawn; and so on). So, in the first
row of the data set, Day 1 (Jan. 1) had a draft rank of 305. The lower the
draft rank, the sooner and more likely a man was to be drafted. So, a
higher rank (like 305, for example) was preferable to those who did not
want to be drafted right away.
If the process had been statistically random, there would be no
correlation between the day of the year you were born and the rank that
was assigned to you (r = 0). Any type of significant correlation would
mean that there was something relating the variables beyond mere
random error, or chance.
1. Open the data file and perform a Spearman correlation analysis for the
day of year and the draft rank. Paste your output in the homework
document. (2 pts)
2. Write a current APA-style results section describing the outcome. (2
pts)
3. Answer the next two questions in ―layman’s terms‖ as if for someone
who does not know much about statistics: (a) Why did people accuse the

process of not being random? (b) What do the data indicate for men born
earlier in the year vs. men born later in the year? (2 pts)
It’s not required, but if you want to check out the original New York
Times article and see an interesting graph,
Part 2:
1. A university assessment department collects data to determine
whether university rankings differ based on their regional location.
Some rankings are missing because the universities ranked at that level
were in different regions than those of interest to the department. Based
on eight universities in each of two different regions, is there a
difference between university rankings based on their regional
locations? Perform a Mann-Whitney U test, being sure to follow the
directions under the table. (3 pts)
West Coast East Coast
2
5
6
12
16
17

18
19 1
3
4
7
8
10
13
15
Note: Your file must be set up in the same manner as the example data
file and the exercise file from Part 1, with a grouping variable and a
dependent/test variable. Because these are rankings, they are ordinal data
and must be identified as such in ―Variable View‖ under the column
―Measure.‖ Click in the cell under ―Measure‖ in the row for your

university rank variable, and choose ―Ordinal.‖ This ensures that SPSS
treats the data at the proper level of measurement.
2. Create a boxplot depicting the results. (3 pts)
pts)
1. A political pollster is curious about the effects of a town hall meeting
on people’s intentions to support a state proposition that would legalize
gambling. He interviews people as they leave and asks them whether
their opinion about the proposition has changed as a result of the
meeting. He records these frequencies in the table below. Choose the
appropriate test to analyze this data, and follow the directions below the
table.

Less likely to support No change More likely to support
25
12
9
pts)
Submit this assignment by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of Module/Week
8.
==============================================

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