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PSYC 354 Week 1 HomeWork 1
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Homework 1
Introduction to Statistics
Be sure you have reviewed this module/week’s lesson and presentations before
proceeding to the homework exercises. Number all responses. Review the “Homework
Instructions: General” document for an example of how homework assignments must
look.
Homework 1 does not include any SPSS output and consists only of Part I.
Part I: Concepts
These questions cover the Nolan and Heinzen reading and end-of-chapter questions as
well as basic SPSS functions covered in this module/week’s Green and Salkind reading
and presentations.
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word or words.
1. A statistic that uses sample data to make general estimates about the larger population
is a(n) ________ statistic.
2. A statistic that summarizes a group of numbers is a(n) ________ statistic.
3. A(n) ___________ is a set of observations drawn from the larger group of interest.
4. The large group about which you want to know something is called a(n)
____________.
5. A five-star rating system for movies is a(n) ________ measure.
6. A person's political affiliation is a ________ measure.

7. A(n) ________ is a variable that meets the criteria for an interval and ratio variable.
8. Discrete values that the independent variable can take on are called the ________ of
the independent variable.
9. A variable that is manipulated to determine its effects on another variable is a(n)
________ variable.
10. A(n) ________ variable makes it impossible to determine whether the independent
variable is the cause of changes in the dependent variable.
11. ________ is the process of drawing conclusions about whether or not a particular
relation between variables is supported by the data.
12. The hallmark of a(n) ___________ is the random assignment of participants to
conditions so that cause and effect can be discovered.
13. When each participant has the same chance of being assigned to the various levels of
the manipulation, they are said to be ______________ to conditions.
14. Each participant experiences all levels of the independent variable in a(n) ________
design.
15. Participants experience only one level of the independent variable in a(n) ________
design.
Answer the following questions:
1. A study of the effects of skin tone (light, medium, dark) on the severity of facial
wrinkles in middle age might be of interest to cosmetic surgeons.
a. What would the independent variable be in this study?
b. What would the dependent variable be in this study?
c. How many levels would the independent variable have?
2. Hsee and Tang (2007) reported the results of a study in which 195 college students
completed a happiness scale (from 1 to 7) just prior to taking their midterm exam. On this

scale, 1 corresponded to very unhappy and 7 to very happy. On average, the students
rated their happiness as 6.18. Identify each of the following for this study.
a. Population
b. Sample
c. Dependent variable
d. Descriptive statistic
3. In which window do you enter data in SPSS?
4. Which window displays the results of your analysis in SPSS?
5. Which SPSS main menu would you use to choose a particular statistical test?
6. If you wanted to custom define a variable in SPSS, which window would you open?
7. Suppose you have administered a personality inventory to 12 people and have recorded
their score on each item in SPSS. The personality inventory has 8 items, so the SPSS file
has 8 variables representing each item (item1, item2, etc.). You want to compute a total
score for each participant that represents the sum of items 1–8.
a. Which main SPSS menu contains the option for computing a variable like this?
b. What could you type into the “Numeric Expression” text box in order to have SPSS
add items 1–8 together? (There is more than one way to do this.) Submit Homework 1 by
11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 1.
==============================
PSYC 354 Week 2 SPSS HomeWork 2
Homework 2

Frequency Tables and Graphs
Be sure you have reviewed this module/week’s lessons and presentations along with the
practice data analysis before proceeding to the homework exercises. Complete all
analyses in SPSS, then copy and paste your output and graphs into your homework
document file. Number all responses. Answer any written questions (such as the text-
based questions or the APA Participants section) in the appropriate place within the same
file. Review the “Homework Instructions: General” document for an example of how
homework assignments must look.
Part I: Concepts
These questions are based on the Nolan and Heinzen reading and end-of-chapter
questions.
Use the following table to answer Question 1. This table depicts the scores of 83 students
on an exam worth 65 points.
Table: Grouped Frequency Table
Exam score
Frequency
60–62
3
57–59
9
54–56
21
51–53
18
48–50

14
45–47
10
42–44
8
1. Use the information in the table to determine the percentages for each interval.
2. When constructing a histogram and labeling the x- and y-axes, the lowest number on
each axis should ideally be ________.
3. A frequency distribution that is bell-shaped, symmetrical, and unimodal is ________.
4. A frequency distribution that has a tail trailing off to the right of the distribution is
________.
5. A frequency distribution of ages of residents at a senior citizen home is clustered
around 83 with a long tail to the left. This distribution is _________.
6. When a variable cannot take on values above a certain level, this is known as a(n)
________ effect.
7. A grouped frequency table has the following intervals: 30–44, 45–59, and 60–74. If
converted into a histogram, what would the midpoints be?
8. Do the data below show a linear relation, non-linear relation, or no relation at all?
9. Do the data below show a linear relation, non-linear relation, or no relation at all?
10. At this website, you will find an interactive graph concerning New York City’s
geography and income. Read the introduction and click on different “subway lines” to see
how the interactive graph works. (Note that the abbreviations stand for the four different
boroughs: MAN = Manhattan, BRX = Bronx, BRK = Brooklyn, QNS = Queens. Also
note that hovering your mouse over the dots on the graph displays the subway stop and
the median income of households in that area.)
a. In which of the four boroughs is the median household income highest? (This is made
evident as you click on the different lines.)

b. Click on the “A” line. Does the line graph for Manhattan show high or low variability?
What does this mean in terms of household income in this area of Manhattan?
c. Click on line 2. Which borough shows the least variability in median household
income?
d. On line 2, find the following two subway stops: Park Place (the first of the highest
Manhattan stops) and E 180 St. (one of the lowest Bronx stops, located about halfway
across the BRX section). What is the difference between the median household incomes
of the two areas?
e. Click on the “D” line. Which subway stop in Brooklyn seems to be an outlier?
Part II: SPSS Analysis
1. Green and Salkind, Lesson 20, Exercises 1–4
Open the “Lesson 20 Exercise File 1” document (found in the course’s Assignment
Instructions folder) in order to complete these exercises. Always use the Blackboard files
instead of the files on the Green and Salkind website as some files have been modified
for the purposes of this course.
2. Green and Salkind, Lesson 20, Exercises 5–7
Open the “Lesson 20 Exercise File 2” document (found in the course’s Assignment
Instructions folder) in order to complete these exercises
Part III: SPSS Data Entry and Analysis
1. This question is based on the data in the end-of-chapter Question 2.30 of the Nolan
and Heinzen textbook. Create a variable called “num_years” in a new SPSS file. Enter
the data given in #2.30. Remember to enter the data as 1 column (variable).
1. Run a frequencies analysis that includes descriptive statistics for these scores
(central tendency, dispersion, and distribution) and create a frequency table in SPSS for
these data.
2. Create a histogram for these data.

3. How many schools have an average completion time of 8 years or less? An average
completion time of 10 years or more?
The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part I of the
assignment; the only difference is that you are now responsible for creating the data file
as well. Remember to do the following:
1. Name and define your variables under the “Variable View,” then return to the “Data
View” to enter the data; and
2. Paste all SPSS output and graphs into your homework file at the appropriate place.
Submit Homework 2 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 2.
=================================
Homework 3
Central Tendency and Variability
Be sure you have reviewed this module/week’s lesson and presentations along with the
Part I: Concepts
questions.
1. The arithmetic average of a set of numbers is the _______.

2. What is an outlier?
3. Which measure describes the typical amount or distance a score deviates from the
mean in any given distribution?
4. What is the mathematical relationship between variance and standard deviation?
5. For the following terms, write the equivalent mathematical symbol (letter or letters) for
the sample statistic.
a. Standard deviation
b. Mean
c. Score
d. Number of participants in sample
6. These are the winning percentages for 11 baseball players for each one’s best 4-year
pitching performance: 0.755 0.721 0.708 0.773 0.782 0.747 0.477 0.817 0.617 0.650
0.651
a. What is the mean of the scores? (Compute this using a calculator.)
b. What is the median of these scores?
c. Compare the mean and median. Does the difference between them suggest that the data
are skewed very much?
7. Recall the interactive graph from Homework 2 depicting household income and
location in New York City. Based on this module/week’s reading, why do you think the
author of this graph chose the median household income instead of the mean household
income to describe central tendency?
1. The following data are taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys from the
years 2009–2013. They represent the average weekly pay for wage and salary earners

measured at 4 different quarters each year and broken down by gender. Enter these data
into a new file containing one variable for gender and one variable for salary. For the
gender variable, code women as 1 and men as 2; remember to define these in Value
Labels. There will be twenty “1”s and twenty “2”s (as many participants as in each
group). The corresponding scores will be entered in the salary column. If you need an
example, look at the set-up of gender in the “Lesson 21 Practice Data File 1” document.
Women
649 652 657 670 657 665 672 662 679 669
683 689 673 688 684 697 689 685 692 691
Men
823 815 812 825 819 844 810 813 830 824
829 825 827 843 832 848 865 828 875 854
a. In SPSS, compute descriptive statistics for each gender for these data. These steps,
among others, are covered in this module/week’s SPSS tutorial. Remember to copy and
paste output.
b. Create a boxplot describing the average overall weekly salary for each gender.
c. Based on these data, what is the mean weekly income for women?
d. What is the standard deviation of the weekly income for men?
e. If you were to conduct a statistical test to compare these two data sets (men and
women), would it be more informative to compare the means of the groups or the ranges
of the groups? Why?

The steps will be the same as the ones you have been practicing in Part I of the
assignment; the only difference is that you are now responsible for creating the data file,
as well. Remember to do the following:
a) Name and define your variables under the Variable View, then return to the Data View
to enter the data; and
b) Paste all SPSS output and graphs into your homework file at the appropriate place.
Part IV: Cumulative
The BDI (Beck et al., 1961) is an instrument widely used to assess levels of depression in
individuals in a variety of settings. The scores range from 0–63 (whole numbers only). A
researcher administers the BDI to a sample of college students. The results appear in the
table below. They are entered as 2 columns to save space (i.e., you will not need 2
columns in the SPSS file).
BDI Scores
9
10
9
8
19
3
14
21
17
62

15
12
10
4
10
21
23
18
17
61
1. Using SPSS, run a frequencies analysis that includes a frequency table and
descriptive statistics for these scores. Include central tendency, dispersion, and
distribution. Paste the output into your homework file.
2. Create a graph to describe the data set. Justify why this graph is the best choice for
these data.
3. What is the skewness of this data set? What does this mean?
4. What is the kurtosis of this data set? What does this mean?
5. Based on your graph and your answers above, which measure of central tendency is
most appropriate for describing this group of scores? Why?
Submit Homework 3 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/
===============================

Homework 4
Sampling and Probability
analyses in SPSS, and then copy and paste your output and graphs into your homework
Part I: Concepts
questions.
1. A(n) ________ sample occurs when everyone in the population has the same chance of
being selected.
2. The ability to apply research findings to contexts or samples other than the one studied
is called _______.
3. The duplication of the results of a research study in a different context or with a
different sample is called ________.
4. Your own estimate of the likelihood that you will uphold your New Year's resolution is
known as a(n) ________.
5. Expected relative-frequency is computed as the number of ________ divided by the
number of ________.
6. The ________ group is the group receiving the intervention or treatment of interest.

7. A statement that 2 populations are different from one another is a(n) ________
hypothesis.
8. If you find that the groups you studied differed from each other more than would be
expected by chance alone, you ________ the null hypothesis.
9. When you reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is in fact true, you have
made a(n) _______ error.
10. When you fail to reject the null hypothesis but the null hypothesis is false, you have
made a(n) _______ error.
11. Researchers were interested in whether touch therapy improves the weight gain of
preterm infants and compared the weight gain over a 3-week period of infants receiving
touch therapy to the weight gain of infants not receiving touch therapy. a. What is the
likely null hypothesis for this experiment? b. What is the likely research hypothesis for
this experiment?
12–15. Complete the Nolan and Heinzen end-of-chapter Exercises 5.26, 5.27, 5.28, and
5.29.
12-15 Exercises
5.26 What is the probability of hitting a target if, in the long run, 71 out of every 489
attempts actually hit the target?
5.27 On a game show, 8 people have complete. Estimate the probability of winning the
grand prize.
5.28 Convert the following proportions to percentages:
5.29 Convert the following percentages to proportions:
Parts II and III: There is no new SPSS material this module/week.
Part IV: SPSS Cumulative
1. The final grades for students in a freshman seminar are shown below.

Grade
99.00
93.00
89.00
86.00
82.00
79.00
78.00
76.00
75.00
75.00
73.00
72.00
69.00
65.00
63.00
55.00
50.00
1. Create the appropriate SPSS graph to show the distribution of students’ grades.
2. Compute descriptive statistics for this data. Which measure of central tendency
would you use to describe this data and why?

2. The overall livability ratings of 12 US cities appear below.
City
Livability Rating
Boston
Austin
Chicago
Pittsburgh
Los Angeles
Jackson, MS
Detroit
Miami
New York
Houston
Atlanta
Seattle
73
83
73
75

75
72
67
71
73
79
78
77
1. Enter the data in a new SPSS file. Create the correct type of graph to display this
data, and justify your choice of graph.
2. What kind of variable is “City”? What kind of variable is “Livability Rating”?
===================================
Homework 5
Z-Scores

Part I: Concepts
questions
1. What are always the mean and standard deviation of the z-distribution?
2. Define the central limit theorem.
3. Fill in the blanks: A z-score is based on a distribution of _____________, while a z-
statistic is based on a distribution of __________________.
4. End-of-chapter problems: Remember to show work to receive partial credit where
applicable. For help working on these problems, refer to the presentation from this
module/week on the normal curve and computing z-scores.
• Raw and z-scores: 6.16 and 6.20
• Estimating percentages under normal curve: 6.27
• Distribution of means and z-statistic: 6.28 and 6.30
1. Green and Salkind, Lesson 21, Exercise 1 Open the “Lesson 21 Exercise File 1”
document (found in the course’s Assignment Instructions folder) in order to complete
these exercises.
a. Create a histogram of the anxiety raw scores and paste it into your homework
document.
b. Using the descriptives method covered in the presentation and chapter, transform the
anxiety raw scores to z-scores, creating a new variable called “z_anxiety.” Paste the
output of descriptive statistics in your homework document. These descriptive statistics
should describe the original raw scores and not the new z scores.

c. Remember that the mean of a standard normal distribution is z = 0 and the standard
deviation is 1. What is the z-score that is closest to 0 (on either side of the mean) in your
data set? What is the z-score that is the farthest from 0 (on either side of the mean) in
your data set?
d. Based on the histogram from (a) and the answers to (c), would you describe the anxiety
data as being normally distributed? Why or why not? Support your answer with
information from the chapter and presentations regarding normal and standard normal z-
distributions.
1. The following data represent IQ scores of a sample of 30 high school students. In
the general population, IQ scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
IQ Scores
123
119
104
145
108
100
115
105
60
122
105
87
98

124
80
93
89
123
118
104
112
96
85
98
105
91
113
82
124
90
1. Generate descriptive statistics and a histogram for this variable. Based on the data
and graph, choose 1 measure of central tendency and 1 measure of dispersion (variability)
that best describes the data set. Justify why you chose these measures in a statement
beneath the output.
2. In your data set, standardize the IQ scores by transforming them into z-scores under
a new variable “ZIQ.” Using your data set as a reference, what z-score corresponds to a
raw IQ score of 115? To a raw IQ score of 60? To a raw IQ score of 104?

3. Based on what you have been told about IQ scores in the beginning of the problem,
does this sample’s distribution seem to reflect the distribution of IQ scores in the general
population? Why or why not?
Part IV: Cumulative
1. (Non-SPSS) A cognitive psychologist wants to find out whether playing Minecraft®
affects fourth graders’ scores on a visuospatial task. He assigns 30 fourth graders to 1 of
2 groups. Group 1 plays Minecraft® for 20 minutes, then completes the visuospatial task.
Group 2 completes the visuospatial task without playing Minecraft®.
a. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
b. What is the dependent variable?
c. What is the likely null hypothesis for this experiment?
d. What is the likely research hypothesis for this experiment?
2. (Non-SPSS) A clinical psychologist wants to test a new long-term treatment program
for people diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She assigns 20 participants to the new
treatment program and 20 participants to a standard treatment program.
a. State the likely null hypothesis for this study.
b. State the likely research hypothesis for this study.
1. (SPSS) A criminal psychologist wants to examine the level of narcissistic
personality traits between those who are diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder
(ASPD) and those who do not qualify for ASPD. She administers a measure of
narcissistic personality traits where higher scores indicate higher levels of narcissism and
scores range from 0–35.
ASPD Diagnosis
No ASPD Diagnosis
23
11

19
21
22
9
16
27
31
31
10
8
19
13
6
4
9
15
11
7
1. Create a new SPSS data file for these scores. Your file must have 2 variables:
diagnosis and score. Your diagnosis variable must be set up as a 1-column grouping
variable with 2 groups (diagnosis, no diagnosis) coded numerically. This will be much
like the gender variable you created in a previous module/week. For example, if you code

ASPD Diagnosis as 1 and No ASPD Diagnosis as 2, then the SPSS file will appear
somewhat like the following:
Column 1
Column 2
“Diagnosis”
“Score”
1
23
1
11
1
19
All ASPD Diagnosis scores from the table above will appear in a similar fashion.
Then, enter No ASPD Diagnosis information as:
2
10
2
8
2
19
Continue in this fashion to the end of the file.
1. Compute descriptive statistics by diagnosis (that is, for each of the two groups in
one table) using similar steps to those covered in Green and Salkind’s Lesson 21 and in

the Module/Week 3 presentation (HS GPA scores by Gender). Paste this into your
homework document.
2. Construct a boxplot to show the difference between the mean scores of the 2
groups.
================================
Homework 6
Percentiles and Hypothesis Testing with Z-Tests
Part I: Concepts
For this module/week, this section comprises most of your assignment. For help working
the percentile and z-score problems, refer to the presentations in this module/week on z-
tables and percentages as well as hypothesis testing with z-tests.
1. Answer the following Nolan and Heinzen end-of-chapter questions for Chapter 7: 7.8,
7.18, 7.20, 7.22, 7.28 [sections (a) and (b)], 7.32 [sections (a)–(e)], 7.34, 7.39, and 7.40
[sections (a) and (b)]. If applicable, remember to show work in your homework document
for partial credit.
2. Fill in the blank with the best word or words.
a. Values of a test statistic beyond which you reject the null hypothesis are called
________.

b. The ___________ is the area in the tails in which the null can be rejected.
c. If your data differ from what you would expect if chance were the only thing operating,
you would call your finding ________.
d. A hypothesis test in which the research hypothesis is directional is a(n) ________ test.
e. A hypothesis test in which the research hypothesis specifies that there will be a
difference but does not specify the direction of that difference is a(n) ________ test.
f. If your z-statistic exceeds the critical cutoff, you can _____________ the null
hypothesis.
3. The police department of a major city has found that the average height of their 1,250
officers is 71 inches (μ = 71 in.) with σ = 2.3 inches.
a. How many officers are at least 75 inches tall?
b. How many officers are between 65 and 72 inches tall?
c. If an officer is at the 35th percentile in terms of height, how tall is he/she?
d. The top 10% of the officers in terms of height also make higher salaries than the
shorter officers. How tall does an officer have to be to get in that top 10% group?
4. The verbal part of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) has a μ of 500 and σ = 100. Use
the normal distribution to answer the following questions:
a. If you wanted to select only students at or above the 90th percentile, what verbal GRE
score would you use as a cutoff score?
b. What verbal GRE score corresponds to a percentile rank of 15%? What verbal GRE
score corresponds to a percentile rank of 55%?
c. What’s the percentile rank of a GRE score of 628? What’s the percentile rank of a
GRE score of 350?
d. If you randomly selected 1,500 students who had taken the verbal GRE, how many
would you expect to score lower than 250? How many would you expect to score higher
than 750?

1. For this problem, you will be using last module/week’s data set containing IQ scores.
Open the file; it will also contain the standardized IQ variable you created last
module/week.
a. Using the z-scored IQ variable, create percentile ranks assuming the scores are
normally distributed. Call the new percentile variable “IQ rank.”
b. List the first 5 IQ ranks from your file (rows 1–5).
c. Which raw IQ score seems to best divide the top 50% from the bottom 50% of scores?
This score can be found by looking carefully over the values in the IQ rank column.
Part IV: Cumulative
1. (Non-SPSS) For a distribution with M = 25 and s = 4:
a. What is the z-score corresponding to a raw score of 20?
b. What is the z-score corresponding to a raw score of 36?
c. If a person has a z-score of 1.2, what is his/her raw score?
d. If a person has a z-score of -.73, what is his/her raw score?
==============================
Homework 7

Confidence Intervals, Effect Size, and Statistical Power
Part I: Concepts
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct word or words.
a. The confidence interval is centered around the _______ of the sample.
b. Cohen's d measures the difference between means in terms of ________.
c. According to Cohen's conventions, a d value of ________ indicates a large effect.
d. A study that calculates the mean effect size from the individual effect sizes of many
studies is called a(n) ________.
e. Statistical power refers to the probability of successfully rejecting the ________.
2. Complete the following Nolan and Heinzen end-of-chapter exercises for Chapter 8:
8.15, 8.22, 8.26, and 8.40. If applicable, remember to show work in your homework
document to receive partial credit.
Compute effect size in the following questions:
3. A company decides to add a new program that prepares randomly selected sales
personnel to increase their number of sales per month. The mean number of sales per
month for the overall population of sales personnel at this national company is 25 with a
standard deviation of 4. The mean number of sales per month for those who participated
in the new program is 29. Compute the effect size of the new sales program.
4. On a certain anxiety questionnaire, the population is known to have a mean of 12 and a
standard deviation of 2.3. A higher score represents higher levels of anxiety. Participants
in a new relaxation program complete the questionnaire after completing the program and
have a mean score of 10.2. What is the effect size of the relaxation program?

5. A residential treatment facility tests a new group therapy for patients with self-
destructive behaviors. The therapists hope to decrease scores on a measure of self-
destructive behaviors that has a mean in the overall residential treatment population of 35
and a standard deviation of 4.7. The mean score for the patients after the new group
therapy is 27. What is the effect size of the new group therapy?
Part IV: Cumulative
1. A test designed to measure helping behavior was administered to 20 university
students. The data from this test are shown below (higher scores è more helping).
Helping Behaviors
41
50
47
46
51
32
47
66
44
55
53
38
64

41
46
54
35
60
57
56
1. Enter the data into a new SPSS file. Using SPSS, calculate the appropriate
descriptive statistics of central tendency and variability (one of each) for this variable.
Justify why you chose each measure.
2. Create the appropriate graph in SPSS for the variable “Helping Behaviors.” Justify
your choice of graph.
3. Using the data from part (a), calculate the cut score for the 20% least helpful
students.
4. What is the probability of a score of 30 or less?
===================================

Homework 8
Single-Sample T-Test
Part I: Concepts
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct word or words.
a. You use a t-test when you know the population ________ but not the population
________.
b. The t-statistic indicates the distance of a sample mean from the ________ in terms of
estimated standard error units.
c. The 2 groups compared in the single-sample t-test are the sample and the ________.
d. The number of scores that are free to vary when you are estimating a population
parameter from a sample is called the ________.
e. A researcher reports the results of a single-sample t-test as t(19) = 2.13. There were
________ total participants in the researcher's sample.
f. The critical values of the t-statistic for a two-tailed test with df = 6 and a p level of 0.05
are ________.
g. When our t-statistic exceeds your critical cutoffs, you ________ the null hypothesis.
2. Complete the following Nolan and Heinzen end-of-chapter exercises for Chapter 9:
9.10 and 9.24. If applicable, remember to show work in your homework document to
receive partial credit.

1. End-of-chapter exercise 9.37 in Nolan and Heinzen describes a study of anger and
mood in a sample of 60 Marines following a month-long intense training exercise. The
scores for 6 fictional Marines are entered in the Module/Week 8 Exercise File 1
document (found in the Assignment Instructions folder). Using these data, run 3 single-
sample t-tests to compare the Marines’ mean score to the following population values:
a. Population of college men: mu = 8.9
b. Population of adult men: mu = 9.2
c. Population of male psychiatric outpatients: mu = 13.5 For each test, paste the output
and write a results section in current APA style (as demonstrated in the presentation and
in the textbooks). There will be 3 sets of output and 3 results sections (1 for each test
involving a different population mean).
1. A clinical psychologist is treating 12 patients with clinical depression. She wants to
find out whether these patients score differently than the general population on an
emotional response scale (ERS) with a population mean μ = 9.5. She is only interested in
whether there is a difference but not in the direction of the difference at this point. The
table below contains the scores of the patients. Conduct a single-sample t-test to evaluate
the claim that these patients score differently than the general population on the ERS.
ERS Scores
5
8
11
7
4
5

6
8
8
10
4
6
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output here.
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph here.
3. Write a results section in current APA style describing the outcome. All homework
results sections must follow the example given in the Module/Week 8 presentation “APA
Writing 3 – The Complete Results Section.”
2. Do elderly people have less positive attitudes toward technology than people in
general? A social psychologist assessed the attitudes of 15 elderly people using a scale
where a lower score indicates a less positive attitude overall. The mean on this scale for
the general population is 16.8. The data for the participants are shown in the table below.
Using SPSS, conduct a single-sample t-test to answer the social psychologist’s research
question.
Attitudes Toward Technology Scale Scores
12
17
9
11

12
12
5
8
15
6
5
7
9
14
10
1. Paste appropriate SPSS output here.
2. Paste appropriate SPSS graph here.
3. Write a results section in current APA style describing the outcome. All homework
results sections must follow the example given in the presentation.
Part IV: Cumulative
1. (Non-SPSS) Age at onset of dementia was determined for a sample of adults between
the ages of 60 and 75. For 15 subjects, M = 67.2 and s = 3.06. Use this information to
answer the following:
a. Based on the data you have and the normal curve tables, what percentage of people
might start to show signs of dementia at or before age 62?
b. If you consider the normal range of onset in this population to be +/-1 z-score from the
mean, what two ages correspond to this?

c. A neuropsychologist is interested only in studying the most deviant portion of this
population: those individuals who fall within the top 10% and the bottom 10% of the
distribution. She must determine the ages that mark these boundaries. What are these
ages?
2. (Non-SPSS) For each of the following scenarios, compute the effect size and state
(whether it is approximately small, medium, or large).
a. Participants in an inpatient study of treatment for OCD complete an anxious feelings
inventory which is then compared to the general population. The sample mean is M =
27.2. The mean in the general population of inpatients on this inventory is M = 35.5, and
the population standard deviation is 1.9.
b. A mood assessment in a sample of 15 gym members has a mean of 87 and a standard
deviation of 6. The mean in the general population on this measure is 79.
Submit Homework 8 by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Friday of Module/Week 8.
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