morphology in english

1. PRESENTATION
ENG-1113
Whatismorphology?Explainthe
differencebetweenfreemorphemesand
boundmorphemes

2. WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY???
• Branch of linguistics.
• It studies structure of words.
Examples:
• -care-less
• -un-happy
• -teach- er

3. MORPHEMES:
• Minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function.
• Meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word i.e., ed in
walked , that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.
Examples:
• re - open -ed
(3 morphemes)
re again
ed past tense

4. TYPES OF MORPHEMES
MORPHEMES
BOUND
MORPHEME
FREE
MORPHEME

5. FREE MORPHEMES:
• These type of morphemes can stand alone as a complete
word.
• These can be either lexical morphemes({serve},{press})
or grammatical morphemes({at},{and}).
• Identified as a separate word forms i.e., basic nouns,
adjectives, verbs etc.
• Example: care, teach, help, cook, above , etc.

6. BOUND MORPHEMES:
• Themorphemes thatcannotstandalonenormallyandattachedto
anotherform.
• Thistypeofmorphemeonlyappearsasapartof alargerword.
• Themorphemesoccurringincombinationsonlyi.e.,(-ed,-s,-ing).
Examples:
• un-,-er, -less,-ed,-ing.
• unhappy,reader,careless,walked,crying.

7. • All the prefixes and suffixes are bound morphemes.
• When a free morpheme is combined with bound morphemes,
the word formed is called stem.
Example:
• care -less -ness
stem suffix suffix
(free) (bound) (bound)
• un- prepare -ed
prefix stem suffix
(bound) (free) (bound)