Computer Applications in Business - a fundamental course of computer science

1. M. Raihan
Email: rianku11@gmail.com

2. Computer applications, History,
Generation and classification of computer

3. Computer Application in Business
Marketing: Business organization can use computers for marketing
their products.
Stock Exchange: Many stock exchanges are using computers for
conducting bids. Stock brokers are using computers to perform all
business functions in stock exchange.
Banks: Banks are incomplete without computers. Banks are using
computers to record Daily Customer Transactions. Every bank is using a
customized software like Accounts Maintenance System. Accounts
Maintenance System manages all customer financial dealing records
through bank. The use of computers in banks has provided many
benefits. It saves a lot of time and provides convenience for the
customer. 10-Jul-17 3

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Email: E-Mail stands for Electronic Mail.
Send and receive messages.
Attach files of different types with email message.
Faster and cheaper way of communication.
Payroll system: Computerized pay roll system is used in different
organizations to maintain pay accounts of employees, easily and
quickly.
Stock system: Computerized stock system is used to record
number of items in stock of any organization efficiently.
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Fax: Computers can be used to send and receive faxes. Different
Fax Software are available in market for this purpose.
Documentation: Word processor software like MS Word is used to
prepare different types of documents like letters, applications and
other documents.
Graphics: Graphics software like Adobe Photoshop or Corel Draw
are used for image editing and preparing posters and cards etc.
Presentation: MS PowerPoint, Prezi, iWork etc.
Spreadsheet: MS Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, OpenOffice etc.
Accounts department: Balance sheet, Ledger, Worksheet etc.10-Jul-17 5

6. History Of Computing
Before the 1500s, in Europe, calculations were made with
an abacus
Invented around 500BC, available in many cultures (China,
Mesopotamia, Japan, Greece, Rome, etc.)
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7. Computer Generations
First Generation: The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum
tube based.
Second Generation: The period of second generation: 1959-1965.
Transistor based.
Third Generation: The period of third generation: 1965-1971.
Integrated Circuit based.
Fourth Generation: The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI
microprocessor based.
Fifth Generation: The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards.
Artificial Intelligence.
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8. First Generation Computer
Vacuum tube technology
Unreliable
Supported Machine language only
Very costly
Generate lot of heat
Slow input/output device
Huge size
Need of A.C.
Non-portable
Consumed lot of electricity
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Some computers of this generation were:
ENIAC
EDVAC
UNIVAC
IBM-701
IBM-650
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10. Second Generation
Use of transistors.
Reliable as compared to First generation computers.
Smaller size as compared to First generation computers.
Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers.
Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation
computers.
Faster than first generation computers.
Still very costly.
A.C. needed.
Support machine and assembly languages. 10-Jul-17 10

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Some computers of this generation were:
IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108
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12. Third Generation
The main features of Third Generation are:
IC used
More reliable
Smaller size
Generate less heat
Faster
Lesser maintenance
Still costly
A.C. needed
Consumed lesser electricity
Support high-level language
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13. Continue
Some computers of this generation were:
IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP(Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316
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14. Fourth Generation
The main features of Fourth Generation are:
VLSI technology used
Very cheap
Portable and reliable
Use of PC's
Very small size
Pipeline processing
No A.C. needed
Concept of internet was introduced
Great developments in the fields of networks
Computers became easily available
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Some computers of this generation were:
DEC 10
STAR 1000
PDP 11
CRAY-1 (Super Computer)
CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)
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16. Fifth Generation
Combinations of some or all of the following technologies:
extremely large scale integration
parallel processing
high speed logic and memory chips
high performance, micro-miniaturization
voice/data integration; knowledge-based platforms
artificial intelligence, expert systems
virtual reality generation
satellite links
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17. Continue
Currently, no computers exhibit full artificial intelligence
In May,1997, an IBM super-computer called Deep Blue
defeated world chess champion Gary Kasparov in a chess
match.
AI language: LISP, prolog
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18. Types of Computers
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19. Analog Computers
The word “Analog” means continuously varying in quantity.
An analog computer is a form of computer that uses the
continuously-changeable aspects of physical phenomena.
Electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to model the
problem being solved. Like the voltage, current, sound,
speed, temperature, pressure etc. values are examples of
analog data.
The arithmetic functions performed by the computing
units of analog machines are very complex.
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20. Analog Computers (Continue)
The analog computers have low memory size and have fewer
functions.
These are very fast in processing but output return is not very
accurate.
These are used in industrial units to control various processes and
also used in different fields of engineering.
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21. Digital Computers
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The word “Digital” means discrete. It refers to binary system, which consists of only
2 digits, i.e., 0 and 1.
Digital data consists of binary data represented by OFF (low) and ON (high)
electrical pulses. These pulses are increased and decreased in discontinuous form
rather than in continuous form.
A computer that stores data in terms of digits (numbers) and proceeds in discrete
steps from one state to the next.
In digital computers, quantities are counted rather than measured. A digital
computer operates by counting numbers or digits and gives output in digital form.
A digital computer represents the data in digital signals 0 and 1 and then processes
it using arithmetic and logical operations.
Today most of the computers used in offices and homes are digital computers.
The main features of the computers are: accurate result.

22. Digital Computers (Continue)
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23. Hybrid Computers
The hybrid computers have best features of both analog and digital
computers.
These computers contain both the digital and analog components.
In hybrid computers, the users can process both the continuous
(analog) and discrete (digital) data.
These are special purpose computers.
These are very fast and accurate.
These are used in scientific fields.
In hospitals, these are used to watch patient’s health condition in ICU
(Intensive Care Unit). These are also used in telemetry, spaceships,
missiles etc. 10-Jul-17 23

24. Hybrid Computers (Continue)
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25. Types of Computers based on size
Microcomputers (Personal Computers)
Minicomputers
Mainframe computers
Super computers
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26. Microcomputers
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as
its central processing unit.
Monitors, keyboards and other devices for input and
output may be integrated or separate.
Computer memory in the form of RAM, and at least one
other less volatile, memory storage device are usually
combined with the CPU on a system bus in one unit.
It can only approximate a continuum by assigning large
numbers of digits to a state description and by proceeding
in arbitrarily small steps. 10-Jul-17 26

27. Continue
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Microcomputers

28. Minicomputers
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A midsized computer.
In size and power, minicomputers lie between workstations and mainframes.
In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small
mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small
minicomputers and workstations.
But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting
from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.

29. Mainframe computers
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A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even
thousands, of users simultaneously.
Mainframes are powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical
applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer
statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.
Mainframe computers have abilities defined by :
- their redundant internal engineering and resulting high reliability and security,
- extensive input-output facilities,
- strict backward compatibility with older software, and
- high utilization rates to support massive throughput.

30. Continue
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Mainframe computers (IBM 704)

31. Super computers
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The fastest and most powerful type of computer
Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for
specialized applications that require immense amounts of
mathematical calculations.
Example: weather forecasting requires a supercomputer.
The chief difference between a supercomputer and a
mainframe is that a supercomputer channels all its power
into executing a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a
mainframe uses its power to execute many programs
concurrently.

32. Super computers (Continue)
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33. Thank You
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