Energy Conservation and Audit Exercise Book

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank you my project guide Mr. Srikanta Dutta, the teacher of our college, for his
contribution in completing this project. Sir with his encouraging work and monitoring individual care and
motivating approach has widened our knowledge and stimulated me to work on this project. I am also
grateful to–
My family, my friends and my well-wishers in conducting this project.
Last of all I am thankful to my college for its continuous support in numerous ways in conducting the
project.

iiii
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report entitled “Project Report on Energy Conservation and Audit” by
Arnab Saha (Department of Electrical Engineering; 3rd Year–5th Semester; Roll: D118052005–No:
00239) has been submitted in partial fulfillment to “Diploma Course In Electrical Engineering of 3rd Year
5th Semester” during the academic year of 2018 and it is a bonafide of work carried out under my
supervision.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––-
Signature of the guide
Mr. Srikanta Dutta
Designation: Assistant Teacher
Department: Electrical Engineering
College: Engineering Institute for Junior Executives

iiv
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Activity Title Page No.
1.
Energy Savings By Using Electronic Ballast As Compared To
Conventional Choke
1-1 to 1-7
2. Standard Tariff Rate For Industry/ Institute / Commercial Establishment 2-1 to 2-6
3. Survey To Identify The Different Methods Used For Energy Conservation 3-1 to 3-4
4. Preparation Of Energy Audit Report Of Our Institute 4-1 to 4-16
5.
The Role Of Energy Manager And Energy Auditor As Per Government
Rules
5-1 to 5-8
6.
A List For Energy Saving Equipment Of Domestic And Commercial
Applications
6-1 to 6-10
7.
Preparation Of A List Of The Different Equipments Used In Energy
Auditing.
7-1 to 7-6
Appendix ‗A‘ The Gazette of India: “The Energy Conservation Act, 2001” A-1 to A-23
Appendix ‗B‘
“The Energy Conservation Act, 2001”––Details Of 20 Regulations
Notified By Bureau Of Energy Efficiency
B-1 to B-4
Appendix ‗C‘ Report On Air Conditioning Machine in Our Institution (E.I J.E.) C-1 to C-4

1-1
ACTIVITY NO: 1
ENERGY SAVINGS BY USING ELECTRONIC BALLAST
AS COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL CHOKE

1-2
 OBJECTIVES 
The students will be able to –
1. Specify the Electronic Ballast and Conventional Choke.
2. Draw the circuit diagram of the Electronic Ballast and Conventional Choke with Fluorescent Lamp.
3. Know the function of Conventional Choke.
4. Know the function of Electronic Ballast.
5. Compare the Electronic Ballast and Conventional Choke.
 RELATED INFORMATION 
Fluorescent lamp is connected either electromechanical choke (ballast) or electronic ballast but power
consumption is very high in the electromechanical choke than electronic ballast.
 OBSERVATION 
1(i). SPECIFICATION OF CONVENTIONAL CHOKE:–
Power Consumption= 65 watts
Power Factor= 0.99
Supply Frequency= 50 Hz (for India)
Working Voltage= 240 volt A.C. & D.C.
1(ii). SPECIFICATION OF ELECTRONIC BALLAST:–
Power Consumption= 10 to 38 watts
Power Factor= 0.99
Supply Frequency= 50 Hz. to 60 Hz
Working Voltage= 90 volt to 450 volt

1-3
2(i). CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF CONVENTIONAL CHOKE WITH FLUORESCENT LAMP:–
2(ii). CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF ELECTRONIC BALLAST WITH FLUORESCENT LAMP:–

1-4
3. THE FUNCTION OF CONVENTIONAL CHOKE:–
Initially a current allowed to flow through the choke coil with starter and then suddenly the current is
interrupted. This is done by the starter. Once the current is interrupted a high voltage is produced
(above 800V) by the choke due to . This enhanced voltage breaks down the inner gas with
ionization. As a result current be flow through the tube. Therefore the tube is illuminated.

1-5
4. THE FUNCTION OF ELECTRONIC BALLAST:–
Electronic Ballast takes supply of 50 – 60 Hz. It first converts AC voltage into DC voltage. After that, filtration of this
DC voltage is done by using capacitor configuration. Now filtered DC voltage is fed to the high frequency oscillation
stage where oscillation is typically square wave and frequency range is from 20 kHz to 80 kHz.
Improved electronic ballasts are now generally based on SMPS topology. The first step is to rectify the input power
and then the signal is chopped to increase frequency.
The enhanced frequency breaks down the inner gas with ionization. As a result current is flow through tube.
Therefore the tube is illuminated.

1-6
5. COMPARISON OF THE ELECTRONIC BALLAST AND CONVENTIONAL CHOKE:–
Sl.
No.
Subject Conventional Choke Electronic Ballast
1. Frequency Electrical Ballast in florescent lamps
work at a frequency of about 50Hz to
60Hz.
Electronic Ballast changes the frequency
of the electrical current without changing
the voltage. It can greatly increase that
frequency from 20Hz to 60kHz.
2. Flickering ‗Lights-Flickering‘ is seen. Due to such a high frequency the ‗Lights-
Flickering‘ is not seen.
3. Buzzing
Sound
Buzzing Sound is heard while using it
with fluorescent lamp.
No Buzzing Sound is heard while using it
with fluorescent lamp.
4. Weight Heavy in weight. Light in Weight.
5. Power
Consumption
High. Low.
6. Cost Cheap in cost. Costly.
7. Rectifier
Circuit
Not required. Required rectifier circuit due to rectify the
alternating current into direct current.
8. Operating
Principle
Operating Principle is complicated. Operating Principle is simple.
 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 
www.DHgate.com
www.electrical4u.com
www.LearnEEE.com
“Utilization of Electric Power and Electric Traction” by J.B. Gupta
―Principle Of Power System‖ by V.K. Maheta

1-7
 RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWER 
 Does electronic ballast need starters?
No starters required when using electronic ballast. Magnetic ballast required a starter to get the
lamp lit.
 What are the types of fluorescent ballast?
There are two types of ballasts in the fluorescent family: magnetic and electronic. Magnetic ballasts
are actually the older ballast technology.
 What is the difference between a choke and ballast?
A choke is an inductor designed to have a high reactance to a particular frequency when used in a
signal carrying circuit. Finally, ballasts can be as complex as the computerized, remote-controlled
electronic ballasts used with fluorescent lamps.

2-1
ACTIVITY NO: 2
STANDARD TARIFF RATE FOR INDUSTRY/
INSTITUTE / COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT

2-2
 OBJECTIVES 
The students will be able to –
1. Describe various type of Tariff
2. Construct the desirable characteristics of Tariffs.
 OBSERVATION 
1. VARIOUS TYPES OF TARIFF (IN BRIEF):–
i. Simple Tariff
ii. Flat Rate Tariff
iii. Block Rate Tariff
iv. Two Part Tariff
v. Maximum Demand Tariff
vi. Power Factor Tariff
vii. Three Part Tariff
2. DESCRIBE CHARACTERISTICS OF TARIFF:–
Sl. No. Tariff Graph
i) Simple Tariff: - In this type of tariff, a fixed rate
is applied for each unit of the energy consumed.
It is also known as a uniform tariff. The rate per
unit of energy does not depend upon the quantity
of energy used by a consumer. The price per unit
(1 kWh) of energy is constant. This energy
consumed by the consumer is recorded by the
energy meters. Graphically, it can be represented
as given inside.
 Advantages:-
Simplest method.
Easily understandable and easy to apply.
Each consumer has to pay according to his
utilization.
 Disadvantages:-
There is no discrimination according to the
different types of consumers.
The cost per unit is high.
There are no incentives (an attractive feature
that makes the consumers‘ uses more
electricity).
If a consumer does not consume any energy
in a particular month, the supplier cannot
charge any money even though the
connection provided to the consumer has its
own costs.
 Application:-
Generally, simple rate tariff is applied to tubes
walls used for irrigation purposes.

2-3
ii) Flat Rate Tariff: - In this tariff, different types of
consumers are charged at different rates of cost
per unit (1kWh) of electrical energy consumed.
Different consumers are grouped under different
categories. Then each category is charged
money at a fixed rate similar to Simple Tariff. The
different rates are decided according to
consumers, their loads and load factors.
Graphically, it can be represented as given
inside.
 Advantages:-
More fair to different consumers.
Simple calculations.
 Disadvantages:-
A particular consumer is charged at a
particular rate. But there are no incentives for
the consumer.
Since different rates are decided according to
different loads, separate meters need to be
installed for different loads, power loads, etc.
This makes the whole arrangement
complicated and expensive.
All the consumers in a particular ―category‖
are charged at the same rated. However, it is
fairer if the consumers that utilize more energy
be charged at lower fixed rates.
 Application:-
Generally, flat rate tariff is applied to domestic
consumers.
Sl. No. Tariff
iii) Maximum Demand Tariff :- In this tariff, the energy consumed is charged on the basis of
maximum demand. The units (energy) consumed by him is called maximum demand.
The maximum demand is calculated by a maximum demand meter. This removes any
conflict between the supplier and the consumer as it were the two part tariff. It is similar to
two part tariff.
 Application:-
Generally, maximum demand tariff is applied to large industrial consumers.

2-4
iv) Block Rate Tariff: - In this tariff, the first block of
the energy consumed (consisting of a fixed
number of units) is charged at a given rate and
the succeeding blocks of energy (each with a
predetermined number of units) are charged at
progressively reduced rates. The rate per unit in
each block is fixed. For example, the first 50
minutes (1st block) may be charged at 3 rupees
per unit; the next 30 units (2nd block) at 2.50
rupees per unit and the next 30 units (3rd block)
at 2 rupees per unit. Graphically, it can be
represented as given inside.
 Advantages:-
Only 1 energy meter is required.
Incentives are provided for the consumers
due to reduced rates. Hence consumers use
more energy. This improves load factor and
reduced cost of generation.
 Disadvantages:-
If a consumer does not consume any energy
in a particular month, the supplier does not
charge any money even though the
connection provided to the consumer has its
own costs.
 Application:-
Generally, block rate tariff is applied to
residential and small commercial consumers.
Sl. No. Tariff
v) Two Part Tariff:- In this tariff scheme, the total costs charged to the consumers consist
of two components: fixed charges and running charges. It can be expressed as:
Total Cost= [A (kW) + B (kWh)] Rs.
Where, A= Charge per kW of max. Demand (i.e. A is a constant which when multiplied
with max. demand (kW) gives the total fixed costs.)
And, B= Charge per kWh of energy consumed (i.e. B is a constant which when multiplied
with units consumed (kWh), gives total running charges.)
The fixed charges will depend upon maximum demand of the consumer and the running
charge will depend upon the energy (units) consumed. The fixed charges are due to the
interest and depreciation on the capital cost of building and equipment, taxes and a part
of operating cost which is independent of energy generated. On the other hand, the
running charges are due to the operating cost which varies with variation in generated (or
supplied) energy.
 Advantages: - If a consumer does not consume any energy in a particular month, the
supplier will get the return equal to the fixed charges.
 Disadvantages:-
Even if a consumer does not use any electricity, he has to pay the fixed charges
regularly.
The maximum demand of the consumer is not determined. Hence, there is error of
assessment of max. Demand and hence conflict between the supplier and consumer.
 Application:-Generally, two part tariff is applied to industrial consumers with
appreciable maximum demand.

2-5
Sl. No. Tariff
vi) Power Factor Tariff: - In this tariff scheme, the power factor of the consumers‘ load is
also considered. We know that power factor is an important parameter in power system.
For optimal operation, the pf must be high. Low pf will cause more losses and imbalance
on the system. Hence, the consumers which have low pf loads will be charged more. It
can be further divided into the following types:
a. KVA Maximum Demand Tariff:-
In this tariff, the fixed charges are made on the basis of maximum demand in kVA
instead of kW.
We know that power factor=
Hence, the pf is inversely proportional to kVA demand. Hence, a consumer having
low power factor load will have to pay more fixed charges. This gives the incentive to
the consumers to operate their load at high power factor. Generally the suppliers ask
the consumers to install power factor correction equipment.
b. KW And KVAR Tariff:-
In this tariff scheme, the active power (kW) consumption and the reactive power
(kVAR) consumption is measured separately. Of course, a consumer having low
power factor load will have to pay more fixed charges.
c. Sliding Scale Tariff:-
In this type of tariff scheme, an average power factor (generally 0.8 lagging) is taken
as reference. Now, if the power factor of the consumers‘ loads is lower than the
reference, he is penalized accordingly. Hence, a consumer having low power factor
load will have to pay more fixed charges. Also, if the pf of the consumer‘s load is
greater than the reference, he is awarded with a discount. This gives incentives to the
consumers. It is usually applied to large industrial consumers.
d. Three Part Tariff:-
In this scheme, the total costs are divided into 3 sections: Fixed Costs, Semi-fixed
Costs and Running Costs.
Where, A= Fixed Charges
B= Charge per kW of maximum demand (i.e. B is a constant which when multiplied
with maximum demand (kW) gives the total fixed costs.)
C= Charge per kWh of energy consumed (i.e. C is a constant which when multiplied
with units consumed (kWh) gives the total running charges.)
 Application:-
Generally, this type of tariff is applied to big consumers
 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 www.electricaleasy.com
 www.electrical4u.com
 www.electricalengineering.com
 ―Utilization of Electric Power and Electric Traction‖ by J.B. Gupta
 ―Principle Of Power System‖ by V.K. Maheta

2-6
 Related Questions And Answers
 What is tariff?
Tariff means the schedule of rates or charges. Tariff in case of electric supply, means the rate at
which electrical energy is supplied to a consumer.
 What type of tariff is employed for domestic consumer?
Block Rate Tariff.
 Which type of tariff encourages the consumers to keep the load factor and power factor
high?
KVA maximum demand tariff encourages the consumers to keep the load factor and power factor
high.
 Can a
 power factor be included in a tariff?
Yes, power factor is included in power factor tariff such as kVA maximum demand tariff, kWh and
kVARh tariff and sliding scale or average power factor tariff.
 What type of tariff is usually applied to bulk consumers?
Three Part Tariff.
 What are the different types of load?
The main types of load on a power system domestic, commercial, agricultural, industrial, traction
etc.
 For which category of consumers two part tariff is used?
Two Part Tariff is mostly applicable to medium industrial consumers.
 What factors determine the economical limit of power factor correction?
Economical limit of power factor correction is governed by the relative costs of supply and power
factor correcting equipment.

3-1
ACTIVITY NO: 3
SURVEY TO IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT
METHODS USED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION

3-2
 OBJECTIVES 
The student will be able to used energy conservation on-
1. Lighting
2. Fan
3. Computer
4. A.C. Machine
5. Heating Elements
6. Starting Methods of Motor
7. Electrical Wiring System
8. Water Pump Motor
9. Cooling System
 OBSERVATION 
Sl. No. Energy Conservation Equipment Illustration
1. LIGHTING:–
 Introductory Information:
Lighting or illumination is deliberately use of light
by artificially or naturally .Natural source of light
is day light by sunlight used mainly at day time.
The artificial lighting system like Interior lighting
system available in light bulb like incandescent
lamp, fluorescent lamp Sodium vapors lamp,
mercury vapour lamp, led-lamp etc.
 Energy Efficient Lighting:
In previous days energy conservation is
not the major fact due to low energy
consumption. Now-a-days energy
savings is an unavoidable matter for
huge energy consumption per capita.
So energy efficient lighting system
should be used, which have high
efficacy. These are Fluorescent lamp
with electronic ballast, LED lamp, CFL
lamp which has low energy
Consumption and high illumination.
2. FAN:–
Electrical cooling fan is used in hot climatic area
it keeps cool the atmosphere by circulating the
air. There are various fan manufacturing
company like USHA, POLAR, BARSHA etc.
 Energy Efficient Fan:
Now-a-days low watt rating cooling fan is used,
there are induction type motor in the fan so
Capacitor is being used .which provides low
power consumption. BEE Star rating is also
Indicate energy efficiency.

3-3
-
3. COMPUTER:–
Computer is devices which provide sequence of
mathematical logical operation .modern
computer have the ability to generalize sets of
operation. Computers are used as industrial or
educational device for vast rate.
 Energy Efficient Computer:
In previous days CRT monitor are used which is
not energy efficient, but now a LCD or LED Type
monitor is used high is energy efficient
4. AIR CONDITION MACHINE:–
Air conditioning is a process of removing heat
and moisture from the interior and occupied
space to improve; it is massively used in tropical
climate country like India. The AC has the
various parts like cooling coil, blower,
condenser, and compressor. Small size AC is
used in small room. Central type A.C. is used in
MOVIE HALL, SHOPPING MALL.
 A.C. Energy Efficient Machine:
In previous days mainly reciprocating type
compressor are used so energy loss is very
high. Now-a-days rotary type screw compressor
is being used. BEE 5 Star rating is also
indicating energy efficiency. Contact less switch
is used that is remote control switch
5. HEATING ELEMENTS:–
Heating elements are used in domestic and
industrial purpose. It is used for heating purpose
like water heating industrial heat, treatment plant
room heating. Heaters are used in the principle
of ohms law; various type domestic heaters are
Emerson Heater, room heater, Micro oven,
Geezer etc. Industrial heaters are Drier, heating
oven, heat treatment plant,
 Energy Efficient Heating Process:
The old fashion heating process has less energy
efficiency. Now a day EDDY CURRENT
HEATING, INDUCTION TYPE HEATING
process have come which is more energy
efficient rather than old fashion filament Coil
heating process. Now-a-day ISO rule have been
followed for regulation of heating module.

3-4
-
6. STARTING METHOD OF MOTOR:–
The method of start an induction motor is the
starting method. It requires DOL starter and two
types of connection is used in starting system
star connection and delta connection in three
phase motor. This is mainly used in commercial
purpose. In industrial sector Motor is at first
Started at star connection then it converted into
delta connection for smooth running of motor.
 Energy Efficient Starting System:
For gaining efficiency now a day energy efficient
MOTOR drive is used. Contact less starting
method is used i.e. Remote control.
7. ELECTRICAL WIRING:–
Electrical wiring is done for supply current
where it is required. There are two types of
LT wiring.
 Energy Efficient Wiring: For wiring the high
quality copper wire is used.
8. COOLING SYSTEM:–
Cooling system is done mainly in cold storage in
dairy industry, food and beverage industry. BEE
5 star rating compressors must be used.
9. WATER PUMP:–
Water level indicator must be used to
avoid wastage of water.
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 www.electricaleasy.com
www.electrical4u.com
―Electrical Technology‖ by Samar Kumar Bose

4-1
-
ACTIVITY NO: 4
PREPARATION OF ENERGY AUDIT REPORT
OF OUR INSTITUTE (E.I.J.E.)

4-2
-
 OBJECTIVES
The student will able to
1. Prepare visit report of an Industry/Workshop/Institute.
2. Survey the total area with civil drawing.
3. Calculate the electrical load of the total survey location/area in the tabular form.
4. Prepare total units consumed by industry/workshop/institute in a tabular form.
5. Prepare total cost in rupees of a consecutive 1 year.
6. Draw a Bar-Chart/ Graph of unit consume through a year.
7. Draw a Pie-Chart of contribution of Tube light, Fan, Computer, Laboratory motors and Water pump
motors etc.
8. Prepare a suggestion report for save more electricity.
 RELATED INFORMATION
We visit block A, B, C, D with yard of our institute related documents are given bellow–
 OBSERVATION
1. VISIT REPORT OF OUR INSTITUTE:–
The institute has 4 blocks: A, B, C, D with yard .Details is given in a tabular from.
BLOCK-A
Floor
Class
Room
Lab
Room
Teachers
Room
Library
Room
Principle
+
Office
Room
Drawing
Room
Others
Room
Toilet
GroundFloor
––
SOM LAB-A/4
CHEY LAB-A/8
PHY LAB-A/9
HE LAB-A/10
H LAB-A/11
–– –– ––
COMMON
ROOM-A/2
NODAL-A/3
VOC 12-
A/5
GT-A/1
GT-A/6
LT-A/7
1stFloor
ME–Ⅰ
(A/109)
&
ME–Ⅱ
(A/110)
AUTO CADE-
A/113
EE LAB-A/114 A/103
A/106
A/111
OFFICE-
A/101
OFFICE-
A/104
PRINCIPLE
ROOM-A/102
––
T.O.P.-
A/105
EE MAINT-
A/112
GT-A/107
LT-A/108
2ndFloor
ME–Ⅲ
(A/201)
–– –– –– ––
A/202
––
GT-A/203
LT-A/204

4-3
-
BLOCK-B
BLOCK-C
Floor
Class
Room
Teachers
Room
Lab
Room
Office
Room
Others
Room
Toilet
GroundFloor
ETC-Ⅲ-B/1
ETC-Ⅰ-B/2
ETC-Ⅱ-B/5
─ ─ ─
VOC-B/6
EE
METER-
B/7
GT-B/3
LT-B/4
1stFloor
─
ETC-
B/107
A&D ETC-B/101
MI&COM-B/102
COM-B/103
EE-B/106
─
EXAM
CELL-
B/108
GT-B/104
STAFF(L)-
B/105
2ndFloor
MET-Ⅰ-
B/201
EE-Ⅰ-B/202
─
BE&CE-B/206
COMM&ENG-
B/207
INDUSTRIAL
(ETC)-B/208
─
STORE-
B/203
ETC
STORE-
B/209
GT-B/204
LT-B/205
Floor
Class
Room
Teachers
Room
Lab
Room
Office
Room
Others
Room
Toilet
GroundFloor
─
MET-C/3
MET TEST-C/1
MET-C/2
EM&P-C/6
I&MI-C/17
─ ─
GT-C/4
LT-C/5
1stFloor
MET-Ⅲ-C/101
MET-Ⅱ-C/102
EE-Ⅱ-C/106
EE-Ⅲ-C/107
EE-C/103 ─ ─ ─
GT-C/104
LT-C/105
2ndFloor
─ ─ ─ ─
SEMENE
R-C/201
GT-C/202
LT-C/203

4-4
-
BLOCK-D
Floor
Class
Room
Teachers
Room
Lab
Room
Office
Room
Others
Room Toilet Workshop
Ground
Floor
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─
FOUNDRY-D/1
MACHINE-D/2
MACHINE-D/3
1st
Floor
─ ─ ─ ─
TUTORIAL-
D/103
TUTORIAL-
D/106
TOILET
WORKSHOP-
D/107
TOILET
WORKSHOP-
D/108
CARPENTRY-
D/101
PATTERN-D/102
ELECTRICAL-
D/104
FITTING-D/105

4-5
-
2. CIVIL DRAWING OF VARIOUS BLOCKS, VARIOUS FLOOR AND VARIOUS ROOMS:–

4-6
-
3. ELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATION OF EACH ROOM OF ALL FLOORS OF ALL BLOCKS:–
 Power Consumption of Various Type Of Equipments of Block-A 1st Floor––
Room
Equipment's
Name
Maker's
Name
No.of
Equips.
Power
Rating(watt)
Power
Consumptionof
Equipment(watt)
TotalPower
Consumptionofa
Room(watt)
No.
Specification
A-101
Office
LED TUBE PHILIPS 10 20 200
4400FAN ORIENT 4 75 300
SPLIT A.C. HITACHI 2 1950 3900
A-102
Principal's
Room
4433
FAN ORIENT 3 100 300
FLUROSCENT
TUBE
PHILIPS 4 36 144
SPLIT A.C. BLUE STAR 1 1910 1910
LED BULB PHILIPS 1 9 9
A-103
Teachers'
Room
2270FAN ORIENT 2 100 200
A-104
Office
(Head Clark)
2270FAN ORIENT 2 100 200
A-105
T.P.O.
Cell
180
A-106
Teachers'
Room
620
A-107
Staff Toilet
(Gents)
190EXHAUST
FAN
ORIENT 2 55 110
A-108
Staff Toilet
(Ladies)
BULB PHILIPS 2 60 120 120
A-109
ME-I
1493
LED T.V. PANASONIC 2 74 148
PROJECTER SONY 1 215
215
A-110
ME-II
1743
LED T.V. PANASONIC 2 74 148
PROJECTER SONY 1 215 215

4-7
-
A-111
Library
5614FAN ORIENT 11 100 1100
SPLIT A.C. VOLTAS 2 1977 3954
A-112
EE-MAINT
300
FLUROSCENT
TUBE
PHILIPS 2 40 80
A-113
Auto CAD
Laboratory
2760FAN ORIENT 6 100 600
WINDOW A.C. L.G. 1 1800 1800
A-114
EE-
WORKSHOP
140
Therefore, The Gross Total Power Consumption of Block-A, 1st Floor =
26393
(approx.26kW)
 Power Consumption of Various Type Of Equipments of Block-“A” 2ND Floor ––
Tube light Fan Exhaust fan Total wattage
Corridor 2 1 0
Therefore, The Gross
Total Power
Consumption of Block-
A, 2nd Floor = 3165 watt
Lane 3 0 0
Ladies toilet 1 0 0
Genes toilet 2 0 2
Drawing room 13 9 0
Mechanical 3rd
year room
9 8 Not working(1)
total:-30 total:-18 total:-3
Wattage 30*40=1200watt 18*100=1800watt 3*55=165watt

4-8
-
 Power Consumption of Various Types Equipments of Block-”B” 1st Floor––
ROOMNO
ROOM
SPECIFICATION
EQUIPMENT
NAME
MAKERS
NAME
NO.OF
EQUIPMENT
POWER
RATING(Watt)
TOTALPOWER
CONSUMPTION
(WATT)
B/101
ELECTRONIC LAB
FAN ORIENT 4 100
2805
TUBE LIGHT PHILIPS 10 40
EXHAUST FAN GECALSTHOM 1 55
A.C L.G. 1 1950
B/102
MICRO PROCESSOR
LAB
FAN ORIENT 3 100
2490TUBE LIGHT PHILIPS 6 40
A.C LG 1 1950
B/103
COMPUTER LAB
4760
WINDOW A.C AREE 4 1090
B/104
TOILET-G
135
B/106
ELECTRICAL ENGG
LAB
FAN JET AIRFILED 7 100
16517.5
MOTOR
CRAFT PVT.
LTD.
4
2HP
X735
PALZER DC
MACHINE
3
3HP
X735
ALTERNATOR
NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL
INDUSTRY
1 2572.5
B/107
TEACHERS ROOM-
ETC
FAN ORIENT 4 100
2750TUBE LIGHT PHILIPS 6 40
A.C HITACHI 1 2110
B/108
EXAM. CELL
FAN CROMPTON 2 100
1610TUBE PHILIPS 8 40
Window A.C AREE 1 1090
GRAND TOTAL POWER CONSUMPTION 31067.5

4-9
-
 Power Consumption Of Various Type Of Equipments Of Block-“B” 2nd Floor––
ROOM
NO
ROOM
SPECIFICATION
EQUIPMENTS
NAME
MAKER`S
NAME
NOOF
EQUIPMENTS
POWER
RATTING(W)
TOTALPOWER
CONSUMPTION
(W)
201 DMET-I
TUBE PHILIPS 05 40
600
FAN ORIENT 04 100
202 DEE-I
TUBE PHILIPS 13 40
920
FAN ORIENT 08 100
203 STORE ROOM
TUBE PHILIPS 1 40
140
FAN ORIENT 1 100
204 TOILET(G) TUBE PHILIPS 1 40 40
205 TOILET(L) FAN ORIENT 1 40 40
206
BESIC ETC
LABORATORY
TUBE PHILIPS 10 40
800
FAN ORIENT 04 100
207
COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
LABORATORY
TUBE PHILIPS 12 40
2855FAN ORIENT 01 100
A.C ─ 01 1975
208
INDUSTRIAL ETC
LABORATORY
TUBE PHILIPS 08 40
2595FAN ORIENT 03 100
A.C 01 1975
209 STORE ROOM
TUBE PHILIPS 01 40
140
FAN ORIENT 01 100
CORRIDOR TUBE PHILIPS 07 40 280
Therefore, The Gross Total Power of Block-B, 2ND Floor=
8410
(8.5 KW
Approx.)

4-10
-
 Power Consumption Of Various Type Of Equipment Of Block-“C” Ground Floor––
ROOMNO.
ROOM
SPECIFICATION.
EQUIPMENT
NAME.
MAKERS
NAME.
NO.OF
EQUIPMENTS
POWER
RATINGS.
TOTAL
(WATT)
C/1
Metallurgy Testing Lab
TUBE
FAN
PHILIPS
ORIENT
6
4
40
100
640
C/2
Metallurgy Graph Lab
TUBE
FAN
PHILIPS
ORIENT
6
4
40
100
640
C/3
Metallurgy Teachers Room
TUBE
FAN
PHILIPS
ORIENT
A.C
3
2
1
40
100
1970
2290
C/4
Gents Toilet
TUBE
EXHAU
ST FAN
PHILIPS
ORIENT
2
2
40
75
230
C/5
Ladies Toilet
TUBE
BULB
EXHAU
ST FAN
PHILIPS
SURIYA
ORIENT
2
1
2
40
60
75
290
C/6
Electrical Machine And
Power Lab
TUBE
FAN
PHILIPS
ORIENT
10
8
40
100
1200
C/7
Instrumentation Lab
TUBE
FAN
PHILIPS
ORIENT
6
4
40
100
640
C/8
Ground Floor TUBE PHILIPS 11 40 440
Therefore, The Gross Total Power of Block-C, Ground Floor= 6370

4-11
-
 Power Consumption Of Various Type Of Equipment Of Block-“C” 1st Floor––
RoomNo
Room
Specification
Equipment‟s
Name
Maker‟sName
No.Of
Equipment‟s
Power
Rating(Watt)
TotalPower
Consumption
(Watt)
C-101
DMET-III
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 6 40
690
FAN ORIENT 6 75
C-102
DMET-II
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 6 40
690
FAN ORIENT 6 75
C-103
TEACHER‘S
ROOM
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 3 40
2180FAN ORIENT 2 75
SPLIT
A.C
BLUE STAR 1 1910
C-104
OILET(G)
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 2 40
244
EXHAUS
T FAN
E.P.C.E.P.LTD 2 82
C-105
TOILET(L)
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 2 40
162
EXHAUS
T FAN
E.P.C.E.P.LTD 1 82
C-106
DEE-III
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 7 40
805
FAN ORIENT 7 75
C-107
DEE-II
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 7 40
805
FAN ORIENT 7 75
CORRIDOR
LED
TUBE
PHILIPS 10 40 400
Therefore, The Gross Total Power of Block-C, 1ST Floor=
5976
(6KW Approx.)

4-12
-
 Power Consumption Of Various Types Of Equipment Of Block –“D” 1st Floor––
ROOMNO
ROOM
SPECIFICATION
EQUIPMENT‟S
NAME
MAKER‟SNAME
NOOF
EQUIPMENTS
POWERRATING
(WATT)
TOTAL(WATT)
D-101
Carpentry Workshop
TUBE PHILIPS 8 40
695
FAN ORIENT 5 75
D-102/103
Pattern Making
Workshop &Tutorial
Room
TUBE PHILIPS 9 40
885
FAN ORIENT 7 75
D-104
Electrical Workshop
TUBE PHILIPS 5 40
575
FAN ORIENT 5 75
D-105/106
Fitting Workshop
&Tutorial Room
TUBE PHILIPS 7 40
730
FAN ORIENT 6 75
D-107/108
Workshop Toilet TUBE PHILIPS 2 40 80
Therefore, The Gross Total Power Consumption of Block-D, 1ST Floor= 2965

4-13
-
 Load Calculation Of Auditorium, Yard and Lawn––
Sl.No.
Typesof
load
Auditorium
Toilet
Yard
Lawn
Wattage
(Watt)
1
CFL
(36W*2)
18 ─ ─ ─ 72*18=1296
2
AC
(1910 W)
3 Star-2015, Blue
Star
7 ─ ─ ─ 1910*7=13370
3
Tube light
(40W)
─ 4 3 40*7=280
4
Stand Fan
(85W,Tempes
t)
3 ─ ─ ─ 85*3=255
5
Speaker(10W,
Ahuja)
6 ─ ─ ─ 10*6=60
6
Projector
(192W, Sony)
1 ─ ─ ─ 192*1=192
7
Amplifier
(100W,Ahuja)
1 ─ ─ ─ 100*1=100
8
Screen machine
(Cine view)
─ ─ ─ ─ ─
9
Bulb
(100W,240V)
─ 2 2 ─ 100*4=400
10
Celling fan
(100W)
─ ─ ─ 1 100*1=100
Therefore, The Gross Total Power
Consumption of Auditorium, Yard and Lawn =
16053
(Approx-
16KW)

4-14
-
4. UNIT CONSUMED OF EVERY MONTH IN ONE CONSECUTIVE YEAR (TABULAR FORM):–
Unit consumed of every month in this year i.e. June 2017 – July 2018:-
SL. NO. YEAR MONTH UNIT
1. 2017
JUNE 5284
JULY 4464
AUGUST 6538
SEPTEMBER 3882
OCTOBER 2244
NOVEMBER 3110
DECEMBER 1996
2. 2018
JANUARY 2048
FEBRUARY 2998
MARCH 3912
APRIL 4932
MAY 5636
5. TOTAL COST IN RUPEES OF ONE CONSECUTIVE YEAR (TABULOR FORM):–
SL.NO. YEAR MONTH AMMOUNT
1. 2017
JUNE 38537
JULY 34462
AUGUST 50473
SEPTEMBER 29869
OCTOBER 17720
NOVEMBER 23975
DECEMBER 15929
2. 2018
JANUARY 16303
FEBRUARY 23166
MARCH 29917
APRIL 37461.76
MAY 43509.92

4-15
-
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2017-2018
6. BAR CHART OF ELECTRICITY BILL WITH RESPECT TO MONTH:–
7. PIE CHART OF A VARIOUS TYPE OF ELECTRICAL CONSUMES EQUIPMENTS:–
EQUEMENT
NAME
LIGHT FAN AC MOTOR PROJECTER
TOTAL 16913 18801 43604 28075 1102
LIGHT
16%
FAN
17%
AC
40%
MOTOR
26%
PROJECTER
1%

4-16
-
8. SUGGESTION FOR SAVE MORE ELECTRICITY:–
 ELECTRONIC CHOKE
 LED LAMP
 LCD/LED SCREEN
 ELECTRONIC REGULATOR FAN
 5 STAR BEE RATING AC
 REMOTE CONTROL AC
 REMOTE CONTROL MOTOR

5-1
-
ACTIVITY NO: 5
THE ROLE OF ENERGY MANAGER AND
ENERGY AUDITOR AS PER GOVERNMENT RULES

5-2
-
 OBJECTIVES 
The Students will be able to-
1. Know what are an Energy Manager and Energy Auditor
2. Necessity of an Energy Manager and Energy Auditor
3. Observe the area of Energy Manager and Energy Auditor
4. Know the responsibility of an Energy Manager and Energy Auditor
5. Know the key skills of an Energy Manager and Energy Auditor
 INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION 
The Government of India has enforced The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 (No 52 OF 2001, 29th
September 2001) with effect from 1st March 2002. The Act provides mainly for efficient use of energy and its
conservation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. As per the Energy Conservation Act
2001, it is mandatory for all the designated energy consumers to get energy audit conducted by an
Accredited Energy Auditor [under clause 14(h) and 14(i)] and to designate or appoint an Energy Manager
[under clause 14(l)].
Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), Ministry of Power, Government of India, is empowered to specify the
regulations and mechanism to meet the above objectives. BEE has retained the National Productivity Council
(NPC) as the National Certifying Agency, which would conduct the National Level Certification Examination
for Energy Managers & Energy Auditors under the agencies of Bureau.
 OBSERVATION 
1. DEFINITION OF AN ENERGY MANAGER AND ENERGY AUDITOR:–
 Energy Manager:
Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption
units. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have
permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management,
production management, logistics and other established business functions. The VDI-Guideline 4602
released a definition which includes the economic dimension: ―Energy management is the proactive,
organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to
meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives.‖
N.B. – VEREIN DEUTSCHER INGENIEURE (VDI) [Association of German Engineers] is an organization
with over 1, 50,000 engineers and natural scientists. More than 12,000 honorary experts process the latest
findings every year to promote the technology location. Established in 1856, the VDI is today the largest
engineering association in Western Europe. The role of the VDI in Germany is comparable to that of
the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in the United States or Engineers Australia (EA)
in Australia barring the broader field of work of the VDI. The VDI is not a union. The association promotes the
advancement of technology and represents the interests of engineers and of engineering businesses in
Germany.

5-3
-
 Energy Auditor:
Energy audit involves a systematic study undertaken on major energy consuming sections and
equipments including construction of heat and mass balance with a view to identify the flow of energy,
utilization efficiency of energy in each of the steps and pin-point wasteful energy used. A well-
conducted energy audit would reveal the areas of wastage of energy and it would be possible to
suggest saving of energy.
2. NECESSITY OF AN ENERGY MANAGER AND ENERGY AUDITOR:–
 Necessity Of An Energy Manager:
Energy management is the means to controlling and reducing your organization's energy consumption
and controlling and reducing your organization's energy consumption is important because it enables
you to:
 Reduce Costs – This is becoming increasingly important as energy costs rise. Reduce carbon
emissions and the environmental damage that they cause - as well as the cost-related implications
of carbon taxes and the like, your organization may be keen to reduce its carbon footprint to
promote a green, sustainable image. Not least because promoting such an image is often good for
the bottom line.
 Reduce Carbon Emissions – The environmental damage that they cause as well as the cost-
related implications of carbon taxes and the like, your organization may be keen to reduce its
carbon footprint to promote a green, sustainable image. Not least because promoting such an
image is often good for the bottom line.
Energy management is the means to controlling and reducing your organization's energy consumption... And
controlling and reducing your organization's energy consumption is important because it enables you to:
 Reduce Risk – The more energy you consume, the greater the risk that energy price increases or
supply shortages could seriously affect your profitability, or even make it impossible for your
business/organization to continue. With energy management you can reduce this risk by reducing
your demand for energy and by controlling it so as to make it more predictable.
Reduce the damage that we're doing to our planet, Earth. As a human race we would probably find things
rather difficult without the Earth, so it makes good sense to try to make it last.
Reduce our dependence on the fossil fuels that are becoming increasingly limited in supply. On top of these
reasons, it's quite likely that you have some rather aggressive energy-consumption-reduction targets that
you're supposed to be meeting at some worrying point in the near future. Your understanding of effective
energy management will hopefully be the secret weapon that will enable you to meet those aggressive
targets.

5-4
-
 Necessity Of An Energy Auditors:
The Energy Conservation Act requires the energy audit report to contain recommendations for
improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy
consumption [Clause 14(i)]. The conduct of energy audit and implementation of its recommendations
on cost-benefit basis through accredited energy auditors is expected to help the designated energy
consumers to achieve significant reduction in their energy consumption levels
 Lower Energy Bills– You are guaranteed to notice your home‘s increased efficiency every month
when you look at your energy bill. Most improvements pay for themselves in a short amount of time
with the monthly savings they offer – plus they increase your home‘s resale value!
 Better Health And Safety– Home energy audits often detect poor indoor air quality, which can
worsen allergies and lead to long-term health problems. In addition to improving ventilation, energy
audits can identify potentially dangerous situations such as the presence of radon or carbon
monoxide in your home.
 Environmental Impact– Home energy audits are environmentally-friendly. When your home
consumes less energy, you are reducing your carbon footprint and helping to decrease
unnecessary waste and pollution.
3. OBSERVING AREA OF ENERGY MANAGER AND ENERGY AUDITOR:–
 Observing Area Of Energy Manager:
 Organizations that have large estates and facilities which all use significant amounts of energy
often hire Energy Managers.
 Typical examples might be within hospitals, universities, supermarket chains, local authorities,
manufacturers and large energy companies themselves. Even small to medium enterprises with
their premises would potentially consider utilizing Energy Managers or Consultants to deliver cost
saving advice.
 The energy efficiency labeling programs under BEE are intended to reduce the energy
consumption of appliance without diminishing the services it provides to consumers. Further, the
standards and label for refrigerators and air-conditioners have been periodically made more
stringent.
 As a result, the least-efficient products are removed from the market and more efficient products
are introduced. The Corporate Average Fuel Consumption Standards (CAFC) for passenger cars
has been notified on 3rd April, 2015.
21 appliances out of which labeling of eight appliances have been made mandatory. The detailed list is as
follows:
Mandatory Appliances:
i. Household Frost Free Refrigerators
ii. Window and High wall split Air Conditioners
iii. Tubular Fluorescent Lamps
iv. Distribution Transformers
v. Ceiling mounted and Floor standing Air Conditioner
vi. Direct Cool Refrigerator
vii. Color Television
viii. Storage Type Electric Water Heater

5-5
-
 Voluntary Appliance:
ix. Induction Motor
x. Agricultural Pump sets
xi. Ceiling Fan
xii. Domestic Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stoves
xiii. Washing Machine
xiv. Computer (Notebook/Laptops)
xv. Blast (Electronic/Magnetic)
xvi. Office Equipments (Printer, Copier, Scanner, MFD‘s)
xvii. Diesel Engine Driven Mono set pumps for agricultural purposes
xviii. Solid State Inverter
xix. Diesel Generator
xx. Variable Capacity Air Conditioners
xxi. LED Lamps
 Observing Area Of Energy Auditor:
 1st Stage: Scheduling an Energy Audit–
 Collection of primary data & preliminary analysis of energy. At this initial stage, data and
information is collected related to the present/current and past energy profile, the construction
and utilization of every building/unit.
 The preliminary analysis of all collected data should lead to the identification of the annual trend
and monthly fluctuation/variation of the total energy consumption and cost of the audited
building/unit, which constitutes its energy profile.
 Initial energy data collected, should also lead to a first approximation on energy consumption
allocation in every area and sub-system of the building/unit.
 At the end of this stage, the Energy Auditor can compose/ draft an initial catalogue/list with
possible energy saving actions/ activities for each building/unit, taking into account possible
exemptions imposed by the owner.
 2nd Stage: Walk-through brief Energy Audit–
 During this stage, a qualitative investigation of the building shell and the electro-mechanical
installations is performed, and the findings are tabulated in a specific form.
 This procedure, coupled with the actions of the previous stage leads to a final determination of
the energy savings potential, with the use of tiding-up measures and simple inexpensive
measures/actions that don‘t need economic payback assessment through relevant energy
studies.
 These potentially energy saving actions must be divided into three groups according to their
energy saving potential for the particular building (high, medium, low).

5-6
-
 3rd Stage: In-Site Thorough Energy Audit–
 It involves collection (from in-site measurements) and processing of data as well as a full
examination of the installed energy systems of the building/unit, which will permit to compose a
thorough energy.
 This procedure will also permit a sound techno-economical evaluation of one or more energy-
saving approaches, with medium to high investments on specific systems, after a relevant
study.
 The Energy audit procedure is completed with the presentation of all the energy saving
proposals having the form of a summarized techno-economic report, which is composed by the
Energy Auditor and presented to the Building/unit manager.
4. RESPONSIBILITY OF AN ENERGY AUDITOR AND ENERGY MANAGER:–
 Responsibilities And Duties Of Energy Manager Are Highlighted Below:-
1) Establish an energy conservation cell & prepare an annual activity plan
2) Develop and manage training program for energy efficiency at operating levels.
3) Develop integrated system of energy efficiency and environmental improvement.
4) Initiate activities to improve monitoring and process control to reduce energy costs.
5) Co-ordinate implementation of energy audit/efficiency improvement projects through external
agencies.
6) Establish / participate in information exchange with other energy managers of the same sector
through association.
7) Provide information to BEE and Designated Agency of the respective states as demanded in the
Act
 Responsibilities And Duties Of Energy Auditor Are Highlighted Below:-
1) Carry out a detailed energy audit
2) Quantify energy consumption and establish base line energy information
3) Construct energy and material balance
4) Perform efficiency evaluation of energy & utility systems
5) Compare energy norms with existing energy consumption levels
6) Identify and prioritization of energy saving measures
7) Analysis of technical and financial feasibility of energy saving measures
8) Recommend energy efficient technologies and alternate energy sources
9) Report writing, presentation and follow up for implementation

5-7
-
5. KEY SKILLS OF AN ENERGY MANAGER AND ENERGY AUDITOR:–
 Project Planning And Management – The ability to direct and guide a group in completing tasks
and attaining goals of energy efficiency assessment.
 Communication Planning And Implementation – The ability to exchange, engage, convey and
express knowledge and ideas in an energy efficiency context.
 Understanding Energy Use – The ability to arrange and retrieve data, knowledge and ideas,
research and investigation of specific technical and financial knowledge.
 Identifying Potential Opportunities – The ability to think strategically and creatively.
 Decision Making – The ability to develop and assess business cases for implementation of energy
efficiency opportunities.
 Monitoring And Investigation – The ability to install appropriate monitoring equipment and develop
analysis systems.
6. EDUCATION CRITERIA OF ENERGY MANAGER AND ENERGY AUDITOR:–
The candidates appearing for this examination should have the following eligibility criteria and requisite
work experience to write the Certification examination:
For Energy Managers:
Candidates appearing for Energy Managers certification examination should possess any one of the
following qualifications –
i. Graduate Engineer (B.E / B.Tech) or equivalent with 3 years of work experience.
ii. Post Graduate Engineer (M.E / M.Tech) or equivalent with 2 years of work experience
iii. Graduate Engineer with Post Graduate degree in Management or equivalent with 2 years of
work experience.
iv. Diploma Engineer or equivalent with 6 years of work experience
v. Post Graduate in Science with 5 years of work experience.
For Energy Auditors:
Candidates appearing for Energy Auditors certification examination should possess any one of the
following qualifications–
i. Graduate Engineer (B.E / B.Tech) or equivalent with 3 years of work experience.
ii. Post Graduate Engineer (M.E /M.Tech) or equivalent with 2 years of work experience
iii. Graduate Engineer with Post Graduate degree in Management or equivalent with 2 years of
work experience.
For Candidates Without Requisite Work Experiences:
i. The candidates possessing the requisite qualification but without requisite experiences
are also eligible for appearing in written examination for Energy Manager or Energy Auditor as
applicable.
ii. Certification of Energy Manager will be done only on successful passing of the examination and
acquiring relevant experience and submission of experience certificate.
iii. Certification of Energy Auditor will be done on successful passing of the theory examination and
acquiring relevant experience. These candidates will have to first pass the theory papers and
Viva-voce examination will be conducted once the proof for work experience is submitted. There
will be no extra fee required to be paid for the Viva-voce examination.
iv. The requisite experiences as applicable should be acquired within 6 years from the date of
appearing in the first examination.

5-8
-
 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 
https://bccindia.gov.in
 https://powermin.nic.in
 https://www.wikipedia.org

6-1
ACTIVITY NO: 6
A LIST FOR ENERGY SAVING EQUIPMENT OF
DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

6-2
 OBJECTIVES 
The student will be able to:
1. Write the various energy saving equipment name
2. Compare old type equipment with modern equipment
 RELATED INFORMATION 
With the very heavy reliance on fossil fuels, the following:
1) The coal and oil production in the world will reach its peak in 2015.Thereafter, it will go no
decreasing.
2) The world uranium production is expected to reach its peak in 2035.The nuclear fuel can be
recycled, but it a high risk process. The disposal of the spent fuel is also a high risk affair.
So energy conservation is needed to save earth life.
 OBSERVATION 
1. THE LIST OF VARIOUS ENERGY SAVER EQUIPMENTS:–
Sl. No. ENERGY SAVER EQUIPMENTS ILLUSTRATION
i) Energy Efficient Motor: Energy efficient motors use
less electricity, run cooler, and often last longer than
NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) B
motors of the same size. Energy efficient electric motors
utilize improved motor design and high quality materials
to reduce motor losses, therefore improving motor
efficiency.
ii) Cast Resin Dry Type Transformer: Cast-resin dry-
type transformers, the complete encapsulation of
primary and secondary winding in epoxy resin prevents
penetration of moisture into windings. The cast resin
offers very good protection against adverse ambient
conditions. These transformers can work without
disruption of service at 100% humidity. These
transformers simplify installation since they are dry,
without cooling oil, and so require no fire-proof vault for
indoor installations. The epoxy protects the windings
from dust and corrosive atmospheres.

6-3
iii) Solar Water Heating: Solar water heating (SWH) is the
conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using
a solar thermal collector. Sun-facing collector heats a
working fluid that passes into a storage system for later
use. SWH are active (pumped) and passive
(convection-driven). They use water only, or both water
and a working fluid. They are heated directly or via light-
concentrating mirrors. They operate independently or as
hybrids with electric or gas heaters. In large-scale
installations, mirrors may concentrate sunlight onto a
smaller collector.
iv) Electronic Fan Regulator: Electronic fan regulator is
extensively used to regulate and control the speed of
the fans. Electronic fan regulator is an electronic device
consisting of discs, triacs, potentiometric resistance to
provide step-less control of fan speed .This is an energy
saving device and has advantages over the
conventional type of fan regulators having more energy
losses. This regulator can also be used as a speed
regulator for many other small FHP motors, mixer etc.,
with appropriate current rating.
v) Energy Star Appliances: ENERGY STAR is the
trusted, government-backed symbol for energy
efficiency helping us all save money and protect the
environment through energy-efficient products and
practices.
The ENERGY STAR label was established to: Reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants caused
by the inefficient use of energy; and Make it easy for
consumers to identify and purchase energy-efficient
products that offer savings on energy bills without
sacrificing performance, features, and comfort.

6-4
vi) LED Lamp: A LED lamp or LED light bulb is an electric
light for use in light fixtures that produces light using
light-emitting diode (LED). LED lamps have a lifespan
and electrical efficiency which are several times greater
than incandescent lamps, and are significantly more
efficient than most fluorescent lamps, with some LED
chips able to emit up to 303 lumens per watt. Similar to
incandescent lamps and unlike most fluorescent lamps
(e.g. tubes and compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs),
LEDs come to full brightness without need for a warm-
up time; the life of fluorescent lighting is also reduced by
frequent switching on and off.[10] The initial cost of LED
is usually higher. Degradation of LED dye and
packaging materials reduces light output to some extent
over time.
vii) Smart Thermostats: Smart thermostats are devices
that can be used with home automation and responsible
for controlling a home's heating and/or air conditioning.
They perform the same functions as a Programmable
thermostat as they allow the user to control the
temperature of their home throughout the day using a
schedule, such as setting a different temperature at
night. Like a connected thermostat, they are connected
to the Internet. They allow users to adjust heating
settings from other internet-connected devices, such as
smartphones. This allows users to easily adjust the
temperature remotely. This ease of use is essential for
ensuring energy savings: studies have shown that
households with programmable thermostats actually
have higher energy consumption than those with simple
thermostats, because residents program them
incorrectly or disable them completely.

6-5
viii) Standby Buster: Standby Buster is a remote controlled
device which enables all electrical appliances plugged
into it to be completely switched off so they use no
electricity at all. This saves electricity and helps to
reduce your carbon footprint. Standby Buster consists of
an electrical socket into which one appliance (or a two-,
four-, or six-way adapter) can be plugged. The Standby
Buster is simply plugged into an existing socket, and the
devices to be controlled plugged into it. A radio
frequency (RF) remote control with 30 feet of range is
used to switch power on and off. Instead of leaving
appliances in energy wasting standby mode, the remote
control can be used to switch the socket on and off, and
so to provide power for the appliances only when it is
really needed.
ix) Enviro-Plug: Enviro-plug is an energy saving adapter
for mobile phones. The plug adapter allows you to leave
you mobile phone plugged in, safe in the knowledge
that once the phone's battery has been fully changed
the plug will stop any further ‗vampire‘ drain of
electricity.
The Enviro-plug can help to save up to 90% of the
electricity you would have otherwise used through your
mobile phone charger. It achieves this due to its ability
to cut the power going out of itself and to the device.
Enviro-plug is a great device to help you prevent
electricity needlessly being drawn. For those that leave
their chargers constantly plugged in, or even for those
that allow their phones to charge overnight, the plug
adapter will help to reduce their electrical usage. This
can add up to a substantial saving over a year and
would help to reduce your carbon footprint.
x) Time Switch: A time switch (also called a timer switch
or simply timer) is a timer that operates an electric
switch controlled by the timing mechanism. The switch
may be connected to an electric circuit operating from
mains power, including via a relay or contactor; or low
voltage, including battery-operated equipment in
vehicles. It may be built into power circuits (as with a
central heating or water heater timer), plugged into a
wall outlet with equipment plugged into the timer instead
of directly into the power point; or built into equipment
as, for example, a sleep timer that turns off a television
receiver after a set period.

6-6
xi) Energy Management System: An energy management
system (EMS) is a system of computer-aided tools used
by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control,
and optimize the performance of the generation and/or
transmission system. Also, it could be used in small
scale systems like micro grids. Energy management
systems are also often commonly used by individual
commercial entities to monitor, measure, and control
their electrical building loads. Energy management
systems can be used to centrally control devices like
HVAC units and lighting systems across multiple
locations, such as retail, grocery and restaurant sites.
xii) MCB Changeover: As power distribution needs play a
pivotal role in all the significant sectors namely
Commercial, Industrial and Residential, improved
Breaker performance through better electrical safety,
higher operational endurance, continued service and
reduced cost have become of paramount importance.
C&S MCBs have been engineered to constantly fulfill
the above requirements. With these features C&S is
setting new standards for user friendly and superlative
electrical circuit protection.
xiii) Automatic Switch Changeover: A transfer switch is an
electrical switch that switches a load between two
sources. ... An Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) is often
installed where a backup generator is located, so that
the generator may provide temporary electrical power if
the utility source fails. A transfer switch is the only safe
way to directly connect the generator to your home. A
transfer switch isolates selected circuits your home from
the power lines. This prevents back-feed, which occurs
when power goes back down the utility lines. A transfer
switch is the easiest way to power your home during an
outage.
xiv) Night Lights: Night lights are an energy efficient way of
keeping your kids happy at night time. They can run 24
hours a day for 365 days a year for under a dollar.
Modern versions emit a cool blue green electro-
luminescent light, perfect for night lighting in bedrooms,
hallways and corridors.

6-7
xv) Electricity Monitor: An electricity usage monitor shows
you how much electricity you use, how much the
electricity costs, and how much carbon dioxide
emissions you are contributing to the environment. You
can use this information to reduce your electricity
consumption and save around 25% on your electricity
bill. Modern wireless versions are also now available for
even greater convenience.
xvi) Electronic Ballasts: Replacing the electromagnetic
ballast with fully electronic ballast can offer energy
savings. Not only will the electronic ballast have less
power loss, it will also provide constant light output
during line surges and dips, and can provide dimming to
capture further energy savings. In the same way that
electronic ballasts have dramatically increased the
efficiency of light production, the next generation of
dimming ballasts will provide dramatic energy savings
by controlling light more effectively. Dimming electronic
ballasts allow strategies, such as day-lighting and
compensation for lamp depreciation.
xvii) Energy Recovery Ventilators (ERVS): DRI Energy
Recovery Ventilators are equipped with Eco Fresh
Energy Recovery Wheels (ERW); capable of recovering
more than up to 75% of each sensible and latent energy
from the stale exhaust air and transferring it to the fresh
outside air. The rotating wheel transfers the sensible
and latent energy between the counter flowing exhaust
and supply air and in the process preconditions (cool/
heat/ dehumidify/ humidify) the fresh air. Energy
Recovery Ventilators (ERV) is also known in the
industry as Heat Recovery Ventilators HRV, Energy
Recovery Units ERU and Heat Recovery Units, HRU.
xviii) Plastic Building Material (:Windows): If replacement
windows are needed, use vinyl window frames, which
decrease condensation and help homes maintain an
even temperature, cutting down on extra heating and air
conditioning usage. This helps reduce the greenhouse
gas emissions associated with energy generation. For
older homes, applying plastic based caulks and
sealants is a quick, easy fix for drafty window.

6-8
xix) Plastic Building Material(:Roofs): Roofing systems
made with plastics such as vinyl—or TPO single-ply
membranes for the outer surface in combination with
rigid polyiso board or spray polyurethane foam
underneath—offer energy savings, durability and
moisture control. These kinds of roofing systems
typically have a light colored, reflective coating in warm
climates, which reduces the amount of heat transported
inside the building through thermal bridges (created
when materials that are poor insulators come into
contact, allowing heat to flow through the path created.)
The cooler the building, the less air conditioning is
required and therefore, less energy is consumed.
xx) Plastic Building Material (Composite Lumber):
Lumber made from recycled plastics and plastic-wood
composites can outlast traditional materials and
requires less maintenance. Composite lumber made
from plastic is resistant to weathering, requiring less
material to be used over time, which saves energy. It is
also eco-friendly as much of the lumber is made from
recycled materials and/or can be recycled.
xxi) Vacuum Insulation Panel: Vacuum insulation panel
(VIP) consists of the core materials that were
encapsulated at low pressure in a very thin, low gas
permeability and low conducting barrier. The paper
presented herein focuses on a unique panel design
based on the evacuated 100% open cell rigid
polyurethane foam with getters encapsulated in
laminated films under various conditions and the
application of VIPs. A series of studies of the effect of
the batch manufacture efficiency and the thermal
conductivity performance of the VIPs was discussed. In
this study, several pieces of VIPs were installed on the
walls of a refrigerator, show-case and refrigerator
vehicle cabinet to evaluate the energy efficiency by
measuring the heat loss. Heat loss from a cabinet
located in an environmental room was measured by a
reversed heat leak method under testing conditions.
The results show heat loss energy efficiency improving
over 25% for mounting the VIPs on the refrigerator and
the reverse heat leak is improved by 8.0% and 28.9%
for the refrigerator vehicle cabinet and showcase,
respectively.

6-9
xxii) Insulating Concrete Form: With growing energy costs,
building an insulated concrete form house is more
energy efficient and can save you significant amounts of
money on a yearly basis and reduce your carbon
footprint. NUDURA insulated concrete form walls vastly
reduce air infiltration, which greatly optimizes energy
performance. When you combine two panels of 2 5/8‖
EPS foam with the structural strength and thermal mass
of concrete a NUDURA insulated concrete form house
can provide up to 58% in energy costs.
xxiii) Structural Insulated Panel: SIPs have only about 5%-
20% thermal bridging as opposed to the 18%-35% of
stick framed walls. Foam insulation offers higher R-
values per inch than most other insulation. Panels do
not settle nor are they prone to cavity air circulation both
of which severely degrade the performance of stick
frame insulation like fiberglass and cellulose. SIPs will
save you money by reducing your heating and cooling
loads. Limiting air infiltration is a cost effective way to
save energy: SIPs as well as the combination of
expanding foam sealant, SIP mastic and SIP tapes
create a continuous air barrier. These materials all have
low air infiltration rates.

6-10
2. COMPARISION BETWEEN OLD EQUIPMENT AND MODERN EQUIPMENT AS ENERGY SAVING:-
i) In the past incandescent bulbs are used .The main problem is it release 90%of their energy as heat
.For this reason a huge amount of energy loss is occurred. But LED lamp emit very little amount of
heat. Another benefit is that, because they emit light in a specific direction, do not need diffuser or
reflectors.
ii) Electrical regulator is that in electronics regulator power losses is less because as we decrease the
speed the electronic regulator gives the power needed for that particular speed but in case of ordinary
rheostat type regulator, the power wastage is same for every speed and no power is saved.
iii) On the place of fuse we use MCB in present day .Fuse melts in case of excessive load and needs to
be replaced with a new one .It is very difficult to choose the proper fuse wire. But in case of MCB ,it
trips off in case of excessive load so it do not need to change the MCB ,just put on after correcting the
fault in wiring.
iv) Building materials can come in a number of forms, a lot of traditional building materials such as stone
and brick can be quite costly, these can also tend to be poor insulators, which in terms of the
environment and energy bill is not a good attribute. But Structural Insulated Panels are strong, cost
effective and energy efficient, as well as being versatile in terms of the type of structure they can be
used to produce. Insulated concrete form structure are much more comfortable, quiet and energy
efficient than traditional construction methods .The energy savings compared to framed wall is in a
range of 50% to 70%
v) A choke is an inductor designed to have a high reactance to a particular frequency when used in a signal-carrying
circuit. Finally, ballasts can be as complex as the computerized, remote-controlled electronic ballasts used with
fluorescent lamps.
www.electricalengineering.com
www.quora.com
www.wikipedia.com

7-1
ACTIVITY NO- 07
PREPARATION OF A LIST OF THE DIFFERENT
EQUIPMENTS USED IN ENERGY AUDITING

7-2
 OBJECTIVES 
The student will be able to–
1. Prepare a list of the different equipment used in energy auditing.
2. Mention the appropriate field where these equipments are used.
3. Write their merits and demerits.
 OBSERVATION 
1. List Of A Various Types Of Equipments:–
a) Clam on Amp. Meter
b) Clip on Digital Watt Meter
c) Clip on Dig. P.F Meter
d) Combustion Analyzer
e) Contact Thermometer
f) Demand Analyzer
g) Digital Multimeter
h) Frequency Meter
i) Fuel gas analyzer
j) Fuel Efficiency Monitor
k) FYRITE
l) Leak Detectors
m) Lux meter
n) Non-contact Tachometer
o) Power Analyzer
p) Temperature Indicator
q) Thermal Insulation Scanner
r) Water Flow Meter
2. Appropriate Area Where Thee Equipment Are Used:–
Sl. No. Equipment & Its Use Illustration
a)
Clip on Amp. Meter: Used for measurement of
current without interrupting the connections.
b)
Clip on Digital Watt Meter: Used for
measurement of power without interrupting the
connections.

7-3
c)
Clip on Digital P.F Meter: Used for
measurement factor without interrupting the
connection.
d)
Combustion Analyzer: This instrument has in-
built chemical cells which measure various gases
such as O2, CO, NOX and SOX.
e)
Contact Thermometers: These are
thermocouples which measures for example flue
gas, hot air, hot water temperatures by insertion
of probe into the stream. For surface
temperature, a leaf type probe is used with the
same instrument.
f)
Demand Analyzer: Used for measurement and
analysis of electrical load and demand control.
g)
Digital Multimeter: Used for measurement of
voltage, Current and resistance.
h)
Frequency Meter: Used for measurement of
power supply frequency.

7-4
i)
Fuel gas analyzer: Used for optimizing the
combustion efficiency by measuring/monitoring
the oxygen and CO levels in flue gas of boilers,
furnaces etc. and calculation of CO2 percentage
in excess air level and efficiency.
j)
Fuel Efficiency Monitor: This measures oxygen
and temperature of the flue gas.
k)
FYRITE: A separate FYRITE can be used for O2
and CO2 measurement.
l)
Leak Detectors: Ultrasonic instruments are
available which can be used to detect leaks of
compressed air and other gases which are
normally not possible to detect with human
abilities.
m)
LUX meter: Used for measurement of
illumination level.
n)
Non-contact Tachometer: Used for
measurement of speed of rotation equipment.

7-5
3. Merits and Demerits:–
MERITS: An energy audit is recommended to determine the energy consumption associated with a
facility and the potential savings associated with that energy consumption.
 It helps reduce energy costs in your facility.
 With a reduction in production costs, the competitiveness of your company will be improved.
 It helps reduce the dependence on foreign energy sources.
 It helps reduce environmental damage and pollution.
 It can increase the security of your energy supply.
 It can reduce the consumption of natural resources.
 It can reduce damage to the environment associated with the exploitation of resources.
 It helps reduce the impact of greenhouse gas emission.
 It helps you to lower energy bills.
 It enables you to increase the comfort of those in the facility.
 It helps you to increase the life span of the equipment in your facility.
 It discovers any unaccounted consumption that may exist at the facility.
DEMERITS:
 All the equipments are expensive.
o)
Power Analyzer: Used for measurement and
analysis of electrical Power
p)
Temperature Indicator: Used for measuring
temperatures of gases/air, liquids, slurries, semi
solids, powders etc. Using different types of
probes.
q)
Thermal Insulation Scanner: Used for
measuring loss of energy in Kcal per unit area
from hot/cold insulated surfaces. The total loss
can be obtained by multiplying the total surface
r)
Water Flow Meter: The meter directly gives the
flow. Water and other fluid flows can be easily
measured with this meter.

7-6
www.energyauditingblog.com
www.pcra.com
www.ensaveindia.com
 Related Questions And Answers
 Non-contact speed measurement can be carried out by
(a)Tachometer (b) Stroboscope (c) Oscilloscope (d) Odometer
 Name at least two applications of each “Photo-Sensors” “Timer-Controls”.
Application of Photo-Sensor:–
i) Controlling motor operation in carding machine in a textile industry.
ii) Unmanned area light/lux level control.
iii) Operation of water tape, etc.
 Application of Timer-Controls:–
i) Street light control.
ii) Motor controls during starting (star/delta) and for sequencing the line operation such as
conveyors etc.
 Match the steam traps to the application listed below :–

1. Steam mains (a) Mechanical, Bucket, Float
2. Equipment-re boiler, Heater dryer, Heat
Exchanger etc.
(b) Bi-metallic
3. Tracer lines, instrumentation (c) Thermodynamics

C-2
–: Report On Air Conditioning Machine in Our Institution (E.I J.E.) :–
Block- A
Floor
RoomNo.
Count
Specification
Energy
Conservation
(Bee Rating)
Working
Hours
Remarks
Po
wer
(Wa
tt)
Total
Power
(Watt)
Ground
1,2,3,4,5
,8,9,10,1
1
–– –– –– –– –– ––
16,677
1stFloor
101
(OfficeRoom)
1
HITACHI
Ton – 2
Wattage – 1950W
Cooling Capacity- 7030W
Model – PAU524AVD
5 STAR
YEAR- 2017
7
hr. / day
Working
16,677
102
(PrincipalRoom)
2
1. HITACHI
Ton – 2
Wattage – 1950W
Model – PAU524AVD
5 STAR
YEAR-2017
7
hr. / day
Working
2. BLUE STAR
Ton- 1.5
Watt – 1910W Cooling
Capacity –6060W
Model- 3HW24VC1
3 STAR
YEAR-2013
7
hr. / day
Working
103
(Teachers
Room)
2
HITACHI
Ton-2
Wattage– 1950w
Cooling Capacity- 7030w
Model- RAV524AVD
5 STAR
YEAR- 2017
6
hr. / day
Working
104
(OfficeRoom)
2
HITACHI
Ton- 2
Wattage- 1950w
Cooling Capacity – 7030w
Model- RAV524AVD
5 STAR
YEAR- 2017
7
hr. / day
Working
105 –– –– –– –– ––
106 –– –– –– –– ––
109 –– –– –– –– ––
110 –– –– –– –– ––
111
(LIBRARY)
2
VOLTAS
Ton-2
Wattage-1977w
Cooling Capacity-6150w
Model-2.0T VOLTS 243DVB
3 STAR
YEAR-2016
6.3
hr./day
Working
113
(AutoCAD
Lab)
1
L.G.
(WINDOWS AC)
Watt-1090
Ton-1
––
Working
2nd
Floor
201 –– –– –– –– ––
202 –– –– –– –– ––

C-3
Block- B
Floor
RoomNo.
Count
Specification
Energy
Conservation
(Bee Rating)
Working
Hours
Remarks
Power
(Watt)
Total
Power
(Watt)
Ground
1,2,5,6
–– –– –– –– ––
15,148
1STFLOOR
101
(AnalogDigital
ETCLab)
1
LG
Ton – 2
Wattage- 1970W
Cooling Capacity – 6100W
Rated Volt – 240v
3 STAR
2
hr. / day
Working
11,314
102
(Microprocessor
&Comm.Lab)
1
LG
Ton-1.5
Wattage – 1917W
RATED VOLTAGE- 230V
MODEL- L3A5CN2VF1
2 STAR
YEAR-2009
1
hr. / day
Working
103
(Computer
Lab.)
4
Ton-1
WINDOWS A.C
Wattage-1090W
2
hr. / day
Working
106 ––
––
–– –– ––
107
(Electrical
Teachers
Room)
1
HITACHI
Ton – 2
Wattage – 1977W
Model- RAU524AVD
5 STAR
YEAR- 2017
5
hr. / day
Working
108
(Exam.
Cell)
1
WINDOWS AC
Ton-1
Wattage-1090W
Not
Working
2NDFLOOR
201 –– –– –– –– ––
3,834
202 –– –– –– –– ––
203 –– –– –– –– ––
207
(Communication
AndENGN.Lab)
1
LG
Ton-1.5
Wattage – 1917W
Rated Voltage- 230V
Model- L3A5CN2VF1
2 STAR
YEAR-2009
1.30
hr. / day
Working
208
(IndustrialETC
Lab)
1
LG
Ton-1.5
Wattage – 1917W
Model- L3A5CN2VF1
2 STAR
YEAR-2009
1.30
hr. / day
Working

C-4
Block- C
Floor
RoomNo.
Count Specification
Energy
Conservation
(Bee Rating)
Working
Hours
Remarks
Power
(Watt)
Total Power
(Watt)
Ground
1,2,6,7
–
–
–– –– –– ––
1970
17250
3(METALLURG
YTEACHERS
ROOM)
1
LG
Ton-1
Wattage-1970W
Cooling Capacity-5125W
ModeL-LSA5CW2VF5
2STAR
5
hr. / day
Working
1stFloor
101
–
–
–– –– –– ––
1910
102
–
–
–– –– –– ––
103
(Electrical
TeachersRoom)
1
BLUE STAR
Ton-1.5
Wattege-1910W
Cooling Capacity-6060W
Model- 3HW24VC1
3STAR
YEAR-2013
4
hr. / day
Working106,107
–
–
–– –– –– ––
2ndFloor
201
(AUDITORIUM)
7
BLUE STAR
Ton- 1.5
Wattage – 1910W
Model- 3HW24VC1
3 STAR
YEAR-2013
10
hr. / day
OccasionWorking
orOfficialMeeting
OrSpecialClass
13370
Block- D
Ground
–– –– –– –– –– ––
––
1stFloor
––
–– –– –– –– ––

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