Promising presentation PhD. Researcher Rana Abdullah Tahan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-7740 1.Choosing a search problem 2.exploratory research readings of the research problem 3. formulation of hypotheses. 4. Research plan design 5. Information collection and design 6.writing the research report in draft form

1. Promising presentation - Rana Abdullah
Tahan
PHD researcher
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-7740
LECTURE ON THE
STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH NUMBERS

2. 1.Choosing a search problem
2.exploratory research readings of the research problem
3. formulation of hypotheses.
4. Research plan design
5. Information collection and design
6.writing the research report in draft form

3. 1. What is the problem in scientific research?
A search problem is a question or some
vague question that may revolve in the
researcher's mind about the subject of your
chosen study, questions that need
explanation the researcher seeks to find
adequate answers.
First: choose the search problem

4. 2 - sources of the problem work environment and work
experience :
Some research problems arise for the researcher through the
daily practical experience raise in the researcher and
questions about some things that do not find an explanation
and they reflect the problems of research in the study
Example:
of a radio and television employee who can investigate the problem
of linguistic or technical errors and their impact on the audience of
listeners and viewers

5. Critical readings give a concept of opinions and ideas contained in
books, periodicals and photographs that may raise an individual a
set of questions that you can study and research by getting the
opportunity .
-Previous research :
Usually researchers at the end of their research provide specific
recommendations to address a problem or group of problems that
appeared to them during the research, which may prompt their
fellow researchers to think about it and try to study it again to find
solutions to it.

6. D- Assignment from an authority
The source of the research problem may be an
assignment by an official or non-official body to
deal with it and find solutions to it after an
accurate and scientific diagnosis of its causes,
and universities and scientific institutions in
postgraduate and primary studies may also be
assigned to conduct research and university
dissertations on topics for which problems are
determined in advance

7. Criteria for selecting the problem
The researcher interest in a problem because the
researcher's desire for a specific topic and a
specific research problem is an important factor in
the success of his work and better completion of
his research.

8. An example of this is allowing the researcher to
have an interview in his field of research and
obtaining the appropriate answers to the
questionnaires and similar facilities . The scientific
value of the problem in the sense that the problem is
significant and revolves around an important topic
and that it has practical and social benefit if studied

9. -That the research problem is new and adds to the
knowledge in the researcher's field of specialization,
so studying a new problem that has not been
previously discussed other than (repeated) as much
as possible or a problem that represents a topic that
complements other previously discussed topics is
considered an important matter for choosing the
research problem
.

10. That it be a searchable problem and there is the
possibility of formulating hypotheses about it that
are scientifically tested and that there is a
possibility to generalize the results that the
researcher will obtain from his treatment of the
problem to other problems.

11. Secondly, exploratory readings and review of
previous lessons
1 - That the initial and exploratory readings can help
the researcher in the following aspects
2- Expanding his knowledge base on the topic he is
researching and providing an accurate general
background about it and how to approach it
(setting a general framework for the research
topic)

12. 3 - Ensure the importance of his topic among
other topics and distinguish it from them.
4- Crystallizing the research problem and placing it
in its correct context and defining its dimensions
more clearly. The exploratory reading leads the
researcher to make a correct choice of the problem
and ensure that it is not addressed by other
researchers

13. 5-Enriching the research problem, as access to
previous studies provides an opportunity to return
to the theoretical frameworks, assumptions it
adopted and the assumptions it adopted, which
makes the researcher more daring in advancing
his research.

14. -Avoiding gaps, errors and difficulties encountered by other
researchers, and a definition of the methods they used to
address them.
- Providing the researcher with many important references and
sources that he could not access by himself.

15. - Completing the aspects on which previous studies have
stopped, which leads to the integration of studies and
scientific research.
- Defining and elaborating the title of the research after
ensuring that the title is comprehensive for all the substantive,
geographical and temporal aspects of the research

16. Third, formulate research hypotheses
1- Definition of hypothesis or hypothesis
A hypothesis is an intelligent guess or conclusion that
the researcher formulates and adopts at the beginning
of the study temporarily and explains what he observes
of the facts and phenomena of the research problem.

17. An example: of hypotheses Academic
achievement in secondary schools is greatly
affected by tutoring outside of school, and the
independent variable is tutoring and dependent is
academic achievement affected by tutoring

18. 3- Types of hypotheses
- The direct hypothesis that defines a positive
relationship between two variables
For example, there is a strong relationship between
academic achievement in secondary schools and
tutoring outside schools.
Zero hypothesis, which means the negative
relationship between the independent variable and
the dependent variable.
For example, there is no relationship between
tutoring and academic achievement .

19. 4- Conditions for formulating the hypothesis
-The reasonableness of the hypothesis and its compatibility with
known scientific facts, i.e. it is
not imaginary or contradictory with it.
-Formulate the hypothesis in an accurate and specific manner
that can be tested and validated
-The ability of the hypothesis to explain the phenomenon and
provide a solution to the problem

20. - That the hypothesis be characterized by
brevity, clarity in the wording, simplicity,
avoiding generalities or complications,
and using easy terms so that it is easy to
understand.
-To be far from the personality prospects of the researcher.

21. Fourth, design the research plan
At the beginning of the preparation for the scientific research, the
researcher must present a :clear, focused and written plan for his
research that includes the following
1 - Research title The researcher must make sure to choose the
appropriate phrases for the title of his research as well as its
comprehensiveness and relevance to the topic well, so that the title
deals with the topic of the research, the location, the institution
concerned with the research, and the time period of the search.

22. 2- The research problem The research plan
should contain a clear definition of the
research problem and how to formulate it, as
previously mentioned
3- hypotheses :
The researcher must specify in the plan his
research hypotheses, is it one hypothesis that
covers the whole topic or more than one
hypothesis (as previously explained) .

23. 4- The researcher must clarify in his plan the
importance of the research topic compared to
other topics and the purpose of his study

24. 5- The research plan must also include the
research method that the researcher chose
and the tools that the researcher decided to
use in collecting information and data.
(Research methods and information-gathering tools will be detailed later.)

25. •
6- Selecting the sample
The researcher must specify in his plan
the type of sample that he chose for his
research, what is the size of the sample,
its advantages and disadvantages, and
the possibilities available to him about it.

26. 7-Research boundaries intended by the
researcher to define the objective, geographic
and temporal boundaries of the research
problem.
8- The research plan must contain previous
research and scientific studies that the
researcher has reviewed in the field of his topic
or similar topics, so the researcher must
provide an inventory of the largest number of
them in the research plan

27. 9- At the end of the research plan, the
researcher provides a list of sources that he
intends to rely on in writing the research

28. Fifthly, gathering and analyzing information:
The information gathering process relies on two main aspects
1- Collecting, organizing and recording information.
2- The information gathering process is two-way
A - Collecting information related to the theoretical aspect of
the research, if the field study needs a theoretical separation,
then it is a working guide for the researcher.

29. B- Collecting information related to the field
aspect, in the event that the researcher relies on one
of the field and experimental research methods,
then collecting information here will depend on the
questionnaire, interview or observation.
Regarding the information gathering process, two
main points are worth noting .

30. C-Collecting information from various
documentary sources is related to the need to know
how to use libraries and information centers, as
well as the types of information sources that the
researcher needs and the way to use them.

31. •
Often the step of collecting information
depends on the research method that the
researcher uses in the study. The use of
the historical method in studying a topic,
for example, requires focusing on
primary sources for collecting
information such as books, periodicals,
bulletins.
The use of the field approach in the
study requires focusing on the primary
sources mentioned above, in addition to
other tools, such as a questionnaire or an
interview

32. The use of the field approach in the study
requires focusing on the primary sources
mentioned above, in addition to other tools,
such as a questionnaire or an interview

33. 2- Analyzing information and drawing
conclusions.
The information analysis step is an important
step because scientific research differs from
regular writing because it is based on accurate
interpretation and analysis of the information
gathered by the researcher, and the analysis is
usually in one of the following ways

34. A- A critical analysis consisting in the researcher
providing an opinion drawn from his collected
sources, supported by evidence and evidences

35. B- Numeric statistical analysis, such as if the researcher
collects information in tables, then analyzes the numbers by
percentages, and this method is used with the information
gathered from the persons concerned with the questionnaires
and the percentage of their responses and the like.
Writing a research report as the final stage of scientific
research

36. In the end, the researcher needs to write and
organize his research in a form that reflects all its
aspects and divisions, and this writing includes
two main aspects.
1- Research draft : Its significance is as follows
- Give an approximate picture of the search in the
final shape
- That the researcher realizes what is deficient and
what is a surplus and works to restore balance to
the research.

37. - For the researcher to see what should be elaborated and
what should be summarized.
- That the researcher is aware of what can be quoted from
texts and materials taken from other sources, and what he
should formulate in his own style.
1- Determine the first order or division of the search.
2- The final writing of the research It will be detailed in a
later part

38. Thank you for your good
interest.
We'll meet in the next episode about a
lecture on academic learning
disabilities.