Parts of reciprocating engine

1. Parts of reciprocating Engine
by
Rampal Singh
Assistant Professor
Rai University, Ahmedabad
B.E. (Mechanical), M.Tech (Production Engineering),
Thrice GATE Qualified

5. Parts of reciprocating engines
• Cylinder:
• A cylinder is present in reciprocating engine that refers to the confined
space where combustion actually takes place. These cylinders can be
arranged in different ways that can be a single row arrangement, W shape
arrangement, V shape arrangement, flat or horizontal arrangement.
• Pistons:
• Pistons present in the reciprocating engine are attached with each cylinder
that can be in any number comprising from one to many. That means that
equivalent numbers of cylinders are also required. In engine, a piston can
easily slide up and down to create a rotational motion. A piston wall is
grooved to hold rings that easily fit against the cylinder wall. It also
prevents gases from escapism in combustion chamber.

6. Parts of reciprocating engines
• Connecting Rod:
• A connecting rod in this engine is responsible to connect piston and
crankcase that is held by crankshaft. Other connecting rod which is
connected to rotary motion piston is used to twirl the propellers. This will
result in rotary motion of crankshaft.
• Crankshaft:
• A crankshaft present in the engine is responsible to transform up and down
movement of piston for rotational motion. When a connection is
established between connecting rod and crankshaft, it will yield in gyratory
motion from the movement of piston up and down. While intake stroke in
piston engine, a piston is pulled downward, vacuum is produced in the
cylinder chamber. This back and forth motion will be converted in
rotational motion in the crankshaft that may vary pressure levels.

7. Parts of reciprocating engines
• Valves:
• All reciprocating engine has an intake and outtake valves which are located
adjacent to fuel air mixture inlet. An intake valve in an engine regulates air
entry and fuel mixture while outtake or exhaust valve mitigate burnt gases
from the combustion chamber.
• Spark Plugs:
• Spark plugs in engine are located at top of cylinder. They serve ignition to
the compressed air and fuel mixtures during compression and igniting
strokes. Ignition takes place exactly when piston reaches top position.
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