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How is the resistance of a solution is a function of the nature of the substance dissolved in it. What is conductivity and how is it related to resistance. What is specific conductivity? Please explain. Solution Consider a polar solvent water where the ionic substances or electrolytes get split up into ions and dissolve in water but the non polar substances do not dissolve in water. Therefore resistance of a solution depends upon nature of substance dissolved. Conductivity is a degree to which a specific material gets to conduct electricity. Conductivity is the inverse of resistivity. Specific conductivity is the measure of ability to which a substance cab conduct electricity on the whole..

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Describe the primary differences between WEP, WPA, and WPA2 protocols. b. Describe how algorithms enhance the security of the above protocols. Solution differences between WEP, WPA, and WPA2 protocols: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is the most widely used Wi-Fi security algorithm in the world. This is a function of age, backwards compatibility, and the fact that it appears first in the encryption type selection menus in many router control panels. WEP was ratified as a Wi-Fi security standard in September of 1999. The first versions of WEP weren’t particularly strong, even for the time they were released, because U.S. restrictions on the export of various cryptographic technology led to manufacturers restricting their devices to only 64-bit encryption. When the restrictions were lifted, it was increased to 128-bit. Despite the introduction of 256-bit WEP encryption, 128-bit remains one of the most common implementations. Despite revisions to the algorithm and an increased key size, over time numerous security flaws were discovered in the WEP standard and, as computing power increased, it became easier and easier to exploit them. As early as 2001 proof-of-concept exploits were floating around and by 2005 the FBI gave a public demonstration (in an effort to increase awareness of WEP’s weaknesses) where they cracked WEP passwords in minutes using freely available software. Despite various improvements, work-arounds, and other attempts to shore up the WEP system, it remains highly vulnerable and systems that rely on WEP should be upgraded or, if security upgrades are not an option, replaced. The Wi-Fi Alliance officially retired WEP in 2004. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) Wi-Fi Protected Access was the Wi-Fi Alliance’s direct response and replacement to the increasingly apparent vulnerabilities of the WEP standard. It was formally adopted in 2003, a year before WEP was officially retired. The most common WPA configuration is WPA-PSK (Pre-Shared Key). The keys used by WPA are 256-bit, a significant increase over the 64-bit and 128-bit keys used in the WEP system. Some of the significant changes implemented with WPA included message integrity checks (to determine if an attacker had captured or altered packets passed between the access point and client) and the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP). TKIP employs a per-packet key system that was radically more secure than fixed key used in the WEP system. TKIP was later superseded by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Despite what a significant improvement WPA was over WEP, the ghost of WEP haunted WPA. TKIP, a core component of WPA, was designed to be easily rolled out via firmware upgrades onto existing WEP-enabled devices. As such it had to recycle certain elements used in the WEP system which, ultimately, were also exploited. WPA, like its predecessor WEP, has been shown via both proof-of-concept and applied public demonstrations to be vulnerable to intrusion. Inte.

Describe the primary differences between WEP, WPA, and WPA2 protocol.pdf

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Complete the provided partial C++ Linked List program. Main.cpp is given and Link list header file is also given. The given testfile listmain.cpp is given for demonstration of unsorted list functionality. The functions header file is also given. Complete the functions of the header file linked_list.h below. ========================================================= // listmain.cpp #include \"Linked_List.h\" int main(int argc, char **argv) { float f; Linked_List *theList; cout << \"Simple List Demonstration\ \"; cout << \"(List implemented as an Array - Do not try this at home)\ \ \"; cout << \"Create a list and add a few tasks to the list\"; theList = new Linked_List(); // Instantiate a list object theList->Insert(5, 3.1f); // Note: The argument to the funtion should be a float theList->Insert(1, 5.6f); // A constant real number like 3.1 is interpreted as theList->Insert(3, 8.3f); // a double unless it is explicitly defined as a float theList->Insert(2, 7.4f); // by adding an \'f\' to the end of the number. theList->Insert(4, 2.5f); // Show what is in the list theList->PrintList(); // Test the list length function cout << \"\ List now contains \" << theList->ListLength() << \"items.\ \ \"; // Test delete function cout << \"Testing delete of last item in list.\ \"; theList->Delete(4); theList->PrintList(); // Test delete function cout << \"Testing delete of first item in list.\ \"; theList->Delete(5); theList->PrintList(); // Test delete function cout << \"Testing delete of a middle item in list.\ \"; theList->Delete(3); theList->PrintList(); // Test delete function with a known failure argument cout << \"Testing failure in delete function.\ \"; if(theList->Delete(4)) cout << \"Oops! Should not have been able to delete.\ \"; else cout << \"Unable to locate item to delete.\ \"; // Test search (known failure) cout << \"Testing Search function. Search for key 3\ \"; if(theList->Search(3, &f)) cout << \"Search result: theData = %f\ \", f; else cout << \"Search result: Unable to locate item in list\ \"; // Test search (known success) cout << \"Testing Search function. Search for key 2\ \"; if(theList->Search(2, &f)) cout << \"Search result: theData = \" << f << \"\ \"; else cout << \"Search result: Unable to locate item in list\ \"; cout << \"\ \ End list demonstration...\"; return 0; } ===================================================================== =================== // linked_list.h functions #include using namespace std; // Define a structure to use as the list item struct ListItem { int key; float theData; ListItem *next; }; class Linked_List { private: ListItem *head; // Pointer to head of the list public: Linked_List(); // Class constructor ~Linked_List(); // Class destuctor void ClearList(); // Remove all items from the list bool Insert(int key, float f);// Add an item to the list bool Delete(int key); // Delete an item from the list bool Search(int key, float *retVal); // Search for an item in the list int ListLength(); // Return numb.

Complete the provided partial C++ Linked List program. Main.cpp is g.pdf

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Click the desktop shortcut icon that you created in this module, and then press the Delete key to delete the shortcut. If necessary, click the Yes button to confirm the deletion. Right-click the Paint button on the taskbar, point to Broadway, and then click the Unpin from this list icon On the Paint shortcut menu, click Unpin this program from taskbar. Drag the File Explorer button on the taskbar to its original location to the left of the Microsoft Edge button on the taskbar. Right-dick the Search the web and Windows button on the taskbar, point to Search on the shortcut menu, and then click Show search box to redisplay the Search the web and Windows box on the taskbar. Trouble? If you have activated Cortana, point to Cortana on the shortcut menu, and then click Show search box. How do you change the position of taskbar buttons? Why would you pin a file to a taskbar button\'s jump List? You can use a feature called ___ to list the thumbnails of open windows as you snap a window into place. How can you quickly minimize all open windows on the desktop? Explain how to create a virtual desktop. Name two ways you can change the appearance of a tile on the Start menu. What can you do with the Reader app? Explain how to personalize the user icon on the Start menu. Solution 1. How do you change the position of taskbar buttons? Simply right click on the taskbar button, and drag it to the desired location, and leave it. 2. Why would you pin a file to a taskbar buttons Jump List? Usually, the file which needs a frequent access, something like Windows Explorer, and if you are an accountant something like MS-Word, for a photographer something like PhotoShop, these files will be accessed almost regularly multiple times a day. So, to make such kind of files handy, we could pin those files to the taskbar, so that they can be opened with just a click away. 3. You can use a feature called __Aero__ to list the thumbnails of open windows as you snap a window into place. Aero is the one which features Snap(to resize open windows), Peek(view open windows), Shake (close all windows except the selected one) etc. 4. How can you quickly minimize all open windows on the desktop? Just click on the right corner of the taskbar, which shows a label Show Desktop when your mouse hovers there. 5. Explain how to create a virtual desktop? The steps required to create a virtual desktop include: -> Open a Task View pane which is available on the taskbar, or by pressing WindowKey + Tab -> In the Task View pane, click New desktop which creates another virtual desktop..

Click the desktop shortcut icon that you created in this module, and .pdf

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YOU DO IT 4! create an named YouDolt 4 and save it in the vB 2015Chapo6 folder Add the labels and a button to the form. The button\'s Click event procedure should display in number of integers from in one the the sum of those integers the other label. Code the procedure labels and and then start and using the For...Next statement. Save the solutv test the application. Close the solution. Solution Open Visual Studio 2015 and create new project. In page/tab WindowsFormsApplicationForm1 create 1 button named as button1. Similarly create two labels named as label1 and label2. Double clock on button1. It will open the click event in page/tab WindowsFormsApplicationForm1(.cs). write the below code Using System; Using System.Windows.Forms; namespace WindowsApplication1 { public partial class Form1: Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponents(); } private void button1_click(object Sender, EventArgs e) { int cnt = 0; int sums = 0; label1.text = \"14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23\"); for(cnt = 14; cnt <= 23; cnt++) { sums = sums + cnt; label2.text = sums; } } } }.

YOU DO IT 4! create an named YouDolt 4 and save it in the vB 2015Chap.pdf

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What was the causes of the Vietnam war? What was the causes of the Vietnam war? Solution The causes of the Vietnam War were derived from the symptoms, components and consequences of the Cold War. The causes of the Vietnam War revolve around the simple belief held by America that communism was threatening to expand all over south-east Asia The US entered the conflict in South Vietnam based on the much maligned \"Domino Theory\" concept. From the perspective of the Nation\'s leader, this was a very real threat both in terms of nation\'s falling one by one to communism and with regards to the resultant impacts. The most significant driver for US involvement in South Vietnam was the Korean War. It established the notion of a \"civil war\" in which the northern communists were extensively supported by outside forces and that a conventional invasion was the greatest threat. On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. The US and its allies spent three years fighting a very brutal war against the North Koreans, the Chinese and the Soviets. Eventually, it ended in a stalemate. By definition, on June 25, 1950, this was a civil war.However, by the time the US entered the Vietnam conflict, there was ample near term historical precedence for the spread of communism. In 1954, Vietnamese communist forces defeat the French which leads to the 1954 Geneva convention in which the region was divided into North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. In 1959, the government of Laos collapses and the Pathet Lao (communist forces backed by the North Vietnamese) begin to fight for control of the country. A civil war backed by external communist forces. It was evident to the US and its allies that communism was spreading throughout the region. Each state which fell served as a launch point for communist operations in nearby countries (China into Korea and Vietnam, China and North Vietnam into Laos and Cambodia). Therefore to prevent further spread to allies to include Thailand and Japan among others, communism had to be contained. Based on the results of communist rule in the countries that fell, it seems the concerns were genuine. South Vietnam asked for help from its SEATO allies and the US responded as it should under treaty obligation. The argument that this was civil war substantially underplays the assistance the North Vietnamese received from the Chinese and Soviets. It was as much a civil war as the Korean War was. Some 1.5 million Chinese were executed during the land reforms and counter-revolutionary executions following the Chinese victory in 1948. In the early 1960s, following the Great Leap Forward, approximately 2.5 million people were executed, Up to 1 million people were executed or died in concentration camps in North Korea by the start of the US involvement in Vietnam. Between 1953 and 1956, the Land reform in North Vietnam carried out by the Communists resulted in the deaths, by various estimates, of almost 200,ooo landowners via public kanga.

What was the causes of the Vietnam war What was the causes of .pdf

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Transactions costs are zero in financial markets. zero in financial i.pdf

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This is for an homework assignment using Java code. Here is the home.pdf

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Question 34 (1 point) D A check is 1) not money because it is not officially issued by the government. 2) money because it is a means of payment. 3) money because it is generally accepted as a means of payments. 4) not money but transfers bank deposits which are money. Solution Answer is 3. Money because it is generally accepted as a means of payments. Explanation: A check is a negotiable instrument and is treated like money because it majorly does all the function of money like accepted as a means of payments, etc..

Question 34 (1 point) D A check is 1) not money because it is not off.pdf

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Program Structure: declare ButtonState: Global variable holding status of button unsigned long Button Time: Holds time to debounce Switch int Button NextState( input) function that is to be called in loop to service the switch switch based on ButtonState Idle: State where nothing has been happening. if input is low, Button Time millis0: Record time of high to low transition. set ButtonState to Wait Move to Wait state. Wait: Button has gone low and we are waiting for it to remain low for 5 milliseconds if input is high. l f button has gone high. set ButtonState to Idle Reset back to Idle else if (millis0- Button Time 5 if 5 milliseconds has passed. set ButtonState to Low Move to low state. return 1 indicating that button has been pressed Low Button is low and has been so for 5 milliseconds. if input is high Once button released. set ButtonState to Idle: end of switch return 0 By default return 0 indicating nothing is happening. setup: Function run at the start of the program. Set pin as input Check Schematic in Lab 4 for pin number. Set ButtonState to Idle Initialize state loop Function continuously called Check status of button. if ButtonNextState( digitalRead( input)) Send serial message indicating button press Indicate button has been pressed end of if Solution //initialize and declare variables const int ledPin = 13; //led attached to this pin const int buttonPin = 2; //push button attached to this pin int buttonState = LOW; //this variable tracks the state of the button, low if not pressed, high if pressed int ledState = -1; //this variable tracks the state of the LED, negative if off, positive if on long lastDebounceTime = 0; // the last time the output pin was toggled long debounceDelay = 50; // the debounce time; increase if the output flickers void setup() { //set the mode of the pins... pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT); }//close void setup void loop() { //sample the state of the button - is it pressed or not? buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); //filter out any noise by setting a time buffer if ( (millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay) { //if the button has been pressed, lets toggle the LED from \"off to on\" or \"on to off\" if ( (buttonState == HIGH) && (ledState < 0) ) { digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); //turn LED on ledState = -ledState; //now the LED is on, we need to change the state lastDebounceTime = millis(); //set the current time } else if ( (buttonState == HIGH) && (ledState > 0) ) { digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); //turn LED off ledState = -ledState; //now the LED is off, we need to change the state lastDebounceTime = millis(); //set the current time }//close if/else }//close if(time buffer) }//close void loop.

Program Structure declare ButtonState Global variable holding statu.pdf

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Objective: Create a graphical game of minesweeper IN JAVA. The board should consist of 10x10 buttons. Of the 100 spaces there should be at least 20 randomly placed mines. If the button is clicked and it is not a mine then it clears itself. If a space has been cleared then it should indicate how many of its eight neighbors are mines. If a space is clicked and it is a mine then the game is over and the player is asked if they want to play again. Finally, if all the non-mine spaces have been clicked then the player is prompted that they won. Solution 2 files need to be made. First Game.Java which will have the gaming logic and User Interface and Main.Java which will have have the main method and object of Game.java Number of rows and cols is customizable so user can change that as and when needed. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.Dimension; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; public class Game extends JFrame implements ActionListener, ContainerListener { int fw, fh, blockr, blockc, var1, var2, num_of_mine, detectedmine = 0, savedlevel = 1, savedblockr, savedblockc, savednum_of_mine = 10; int[] r = {-1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0}; int[] c = {-1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1}; JButton[][] blocks; int[][] countmine; int[][] colour; ImageIcon[] ic = new ImageIcon[14]; JPanel panelb = new JPanel(); JPanel panelmt = new JPanel(); JTextField tf_mine, tf_time; JButton reset = new JButton(\"\"); Random ranr = new Random(); Random ranc = new Random(); boolean check = true, starttime = false; Point framelocation; Stopwatch sw; MouseHendeler mh; Point p; Game() { super(\"Game\"); setLocation(400, 300); setic(); setpanel(1, 0, 0, 0); setmanue(); sw = new Stopwatch(); reset.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) { try { sw.stop(); setpanel(savedlevel, savedblockr, savedblockc, savednum_of_mine); } catch (Exception ex) { setpanel(savedlevel, savedblockr, savedblockc, savednum_of_mine); } reset(); } }); setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); show(); } public void reset() { check = true; starttime = false; for (int i = 0; i < blockr; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < blockc; j++) { colour[i][j] = \'w\'; } } } public void setpanel(int level, int setr, int setc, int setm) { if (level == 1) { fw = 200; fh = 300; blockr = 10; blockc = 10; num_of_mine = 10; } else if (level == 2) { fw = 320; fh = 416; blockr = 16; blockc = 16; num_of_mine = 70; } else if (level == 3) { fw = 400; fh = 520; blockr = 20; blockc = 20; num_of_mine = 150; } else if (level == 4) { fw = (20 * setc); fh = (24 * setr); blockr = setr; blockc = setc; num_of_mine = setm; } savedblockr = blockr; savedblockc = blockc; savednum_of_mine = num_of_mine; setSize(fw, fh); setResizable(false); detectedmine = num_of_mine; p = this.getLocation(); blocks = new JButton[blockr][blockc]; countmine = new int[blockr][blockc]; colour = new int[blockr][blockc]; mh = new MouseHendeler(); getContentPane().removeAll(); panelb.removeAll(); tf_mine = new JTe.

ObjectiveCreate a graphical game of minesweeper IN JAVA. The boar.pdf

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Need help in assembly. Thank you Implement the following expression in assembly language: EAX = -val2 + 7 -val3 + val1 Assume that val1, val2, and val3 are 16-bit integer variables Submit the following: Lastname2.asm Solution val1 dw 0202h val2 dw 100h val3 dw 200h segment .bss sum resb 1 section .text global _start ;must be declared for using gcc _start: ;tell linker entry point mov eax,[val2] imul eax,\'-1\' add eax,\'7\' sub eax,[val3] add eax,[val1] mov [sum],eax mov ecx,sum mov edx, 1 mov ebx,1 ;file descriptor (stdout) mov eax,4 ;system call number (sys_write) int 0x80 ;call kernel mov eax,1 ;system call number (sys_exit) int 0x80 ;call kernel ;nasm -f elf hello.asm ;ld -m elf_i386 -o hello hello.o =====================================================================(cid:13)(cid:10) Output: akshay@akshay-Inspiron-3537:~/Chegg$ nasm -f elf hello.asm akshay@akshay-Inspiron-3537:~/Chegg$ ld -m elf_i386 -o hello hello.o akshay@akshay-Inspiron-3537:~/Chegg$ ./hello 9.

Need help in assembly. Thank you Implement the following expression .pdf

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mine whether the following s are true or false False A parabola has either zero or two r- intercepts False- Given the general form of the parabola, (e) a b the vertical intercept of the graph of f is the point (0, e) False If a quadratic function f is concave down on the interval 0 Solution 1) false. they can have one too 2)true. put x = 0 in quadratic 3)false. not necessary 4) true 5) False 6) ture 7)true.

mine whether the following s are true or false False A parabola has e.pdf

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Locate an article where the technique of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used.Describe the technique briefly based on your study material, and explain how this technique provided the authors with the key information for their results and conclusions. Solution This article fairly explain the PCR technique. \"Activation of Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway in human astrocytomas\" In this article Semi -Quantitative PCR technique is used for the analysis of mRNA levels of - Catenin/Tcf Signaling components. Initially total RNA isolated from Freezed brain Astrocyte tissue. From thios RNA, cDNA synthecized using Takara cDNA reverse transcriptase kit. Then the produced cDNA is amplified with different primers of the -Catenin/Tcf Signaling components that include Dvl-1, Dvl-2, Dvl- 3, beta-catenin, c-myc and cyclin D1. The mRNA levels were positively correlated with the histological malignancy. Our studies tend to suggest that Wnt/beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway is implicated in malignancy of astrocytomas.

Locate an article where the technique of Polymerase chain reaction (.pdf

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It is said that the CEO and other corporate leaders are keepers of the organization\'s memory. Please discuss this. Solution Organizational memory comprises of largely undocumented experience, insights, knowledge, and skills acquired over the years, passed on to the newcomers through personal contacts, meetings, training courses, and mentor-protégé relationships. A lot happens within the organization which is not documented but is discussed over meetings, experiences and learnings passed over to successors. Some of that knowledge is explicit knowledge that core members can access easily, and are not easily documented. These are generally oral communications and is shared or observed in presence of senior business leaders including CEOs. When those learnings cease to provide any value proposition to the organization, “unlearning” has to occur, so that new learnings are inculcated and new milestones are pursued in order to sustain the business..

It is said that the CEO and other corporate leaders are keepers of t.pdf

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Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling point. I. buta.pdf

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14) The owners of the resource ________ are paid ________.a.land; .pdf

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A corporation has ten members on its board of directors. 1) In how many ways can it elect a CEO, president, vice-president, secretary and treasurer from these ten members? 2) In how many ways can it elect a five-person committee from these ten members? Solution From the ten members of the board of directors the corporation can elect a CEO, president, vice- president, secretary and treasurer in: 10P5=10!/(10-5)!=30240 ways.

A corporation has ten members on its board of directors.1) In how .pdf

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in your own original words what was Thomas L. Friedman is referring to with the words, “Now the real IT revolution is about to begin.” Solution As per Thomas L.Friedman Now the real IT revolution is about to begin as all the complementarities between these tools start to really work together to level the playing field. One of those who pulled back the curtain and called this moment by its real name was HP’s Carly Fiorina, who in 2004 began to declare in her public speeches that the dot-com boom and bust were just “the end of the beginning.” The last 25 years in technology, said Fiorina, have been just “the warm-up act”. Now we are going into the main event, she said, “and by the main event, I mean an era in which technology will literally transform every aspect of business, every aspect of life and every aspect of society”..

in your own original words what was Thomas L. Friedman is referring .pdf

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In c++ format, for each function in the code, please using the comments fill in the code and write the whole program. #include #include using namespace std; template class BST { private: struct Node { bstdata data; Node* left; Node* right; Node(bstdata newdata): data(newdata), left(NULL), right(NULL) {} }; typedef struct Node* NodePtr; NodePtr root; /**Private helper functions*/ void insertHelper(NodePtr root, bstdata value); //private helper function for insert //recursively inserts a value into the BST void destructorHelper(NodePtr root); //private helper function for the destructor //recursively frees the memory in the BST void inOrderPrintHelper(NodePtr root); //private helper function for inOrderPrint //recursively prints tree values in order from smallest to largest void preOrderPrintHelper(NodePtr root); //private helper function for preOrderPrint //recursively prints tree values in preorder void postOrderPrintHelper(NodePtr root); //private helper function for postOrderPrint //recursively prints tree values in postorder bstdata maximumHelper(NodePtr root); //recursively searches for the maximum value in the Binary Search Tree bstdata minimumHelper(NodePtr root); //recursively locates the minimum value in the tree //returns this value once it is located void getSizeHelper(Nodeptr root, int& size); //recursively calculates the size of the tree int getHeightHelper(NodePtr root); //recursively calculates the height of the tree bool findHelper(NodePtr root, bstdata value); //recursively searches for value in the tree void remove(NodePtr root, bstdata value); //recursively removes the specified value from the tree void copyHelper(NodePtr copy); //recursively makes a deep copy of a binary search tree /**Public functions*/ public: add the constructor BST(); //Instantiates a new Binary Search Tree //post: a new Binary Search Tree object Add the following copy constructor: BST(const BST& tree); //makes a deep copy of tree //Calls the copyHelper function to make a copy recursively destructor ~BST(); //frees the memory of the BST object //All memory has been deallocated bool isEmpty(); //determines whether the Binary Search Tree is empty void insert(bstdata value); //inserts a new value into the Binary Search Tree //post: a new value inserted into the Binary Search Tree bstdata getRoot(); //returns the value stored at the root of the Binary Search Tree //pre: the Binary Search Tree is not empty void inOrderPrint(); //calls the inOrderPrintHelper function to print out the values //stored in the Binary Search Tree //If the tree is empty, prints nothing void preOrderPrint(); //calls the preOrderPrintHelper function to print out the values //stored in the Binary Search Tree //If the tree is empty, prints nothing void postOrderPrint(); //calls the postOrderPrintHelper function to print out the values //stored in the Binary Search Tree //If the tree is empty, prints nothing bstdata maximum(); //finds the maximum value in the Binary Search Tree and retu.

In c++ format, for each function in the code, please using the comme.pdf

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In a liquid-liquid extraction, the first liquid added was 30mL of 0.20M NaOH with Thymolphalein Indicator (blue color). Then, 30mL of 0.25M of Cinnamic Acid in Ethyl Acetate was added. These two immicicble liquids formed two layers when added together. Describe why the aqueous layer turns colorless during the extraction process. Be specific in your explanation. Solution Since the transition range of thymolphthalein indicator is around 9.3 to 10.5, below this it is colorless. Here the ethyl acetate does not deprotonate completely as all the NaOH is exhasusted to deprotonate the .20 M of acid. Remaining .05 M of acid could not be neutralize and thus contributing in lowering the pH. Hence, the pH is below 9.3 and indicator turns colorless indicating more concentration of acid than base..

In a liquid-liquid extraction, the first liquid added was 30mL of 0..pdf

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