Introduction to the Human Body

1. Unit #1
Human Body

2. Overview of A&P
Biology – Study of life
Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of
the body and its parts and their relationship to
one another (gross vs. microscopic)
Physiology – study of how the body and its parts
work or function
How are they related?

3. Hierarchy
Atoms->molecules->cells->tissues->organs
->organ systems (11)->organisms
11 systems
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

4. Needs for Life
1. Maintain self – inside/outside
2. Movement – mainly of self, but also ‘things’ inside
3. Responsiveness – ability to sense changes AND react
4. Digestion – breaking down particles to usable forms
5. Metabolism – broad term for all RXNs that occurs in cells
6. Excretion – must get ride of BAD (solid and waste)
7. Reproduction – continuation of species
8. Growth – increase in size by increasing the number of cells
9. Nutrients – in the form of some type of food
10.Oxygen
11.Water – 60-80% of the human body
12.Temperature regulation
13.Atmospheric pressure

5. Homeostasis
-maintaining a constant internal balance
- Feedback systems are in place
Homeostasis
Language
Anatomical position – figure 1.5
BODY ERECT, FEET TOGETHER, PALMS FORWARD,
FINGERS TOGETHER & THUMBS UP
Directional terms – table 1.1
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Regional terms – figure 1.5
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6. Body Planes & Sections

7. Sagittal – runs up and down, if it splits the body in half
exactly it is called midsagittal, if it splits the body into
two unequal halves it’s called parasagittal
Frontal – gives you a front and back (anterior and
posterior), also called coronal
Transverse – gives you a top and bottom (superior and
inferior)
Refer to page 19, figure 1.6

8. Body Cavities
Dorsal (split into cranial and spinal)
Ventral (greater in size) (split into thoracic and abdominopelvic)
- Abdominopelvic can be further divided into 4 quadrants
- Refer to figure 1.8

9. Open Body Cavities
Oral (mouth and anus)
Nasal
Orbital
Middle ear
Have your read the Chapter 1 Summary?