This document provides an introduction to management. It defines business as any activity undertaken to earn a profit. Management is described as the process of coordinating work activities to complete tasks efficiently and effectively through other people. The key functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Managers oversee organizational performance and ensure efficiency and effectiveness. Factors like the type of organization, management levels, goals, and management style determine differences between managers. Technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills are important qualities for managers.

1. INTRODUCTION TO
MANAGEMENT
DESIGNED BY
QAZI ZUHAIR

2. BUSINESS
ANY ACTIVITY UNDERTAKEN, RENDERED OR PERFORMED FOR
THE PURPOSE OF EARNING PROFIT.
A COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY ENGAGED IN AS A MEANS OF PROFIT
OR AN ENTITY WHICH ENGAGES IN SUCH ACTIVITIES.

3. MANAGEMENT
• IT IS THE ONGOING PROCESS WITH THE DELIBERATE
ARRANGEMENT OF PEOPLE.
• THE PROCESS OF COORDINATING WORK ACTIVITIES SO THAT
THEY ARE COMPLETED EFFICIENTLY AND EFFECTIVELY WITH
AND THROUGH OTHER PEOPLE.
• MANAGEMENT IS THE PROCESS OF DESIGNING AND
MAINTAINING AN ENVIRONMENT WHICH INDIVIDUALS,
WORKING TOGETHER IN GROUPS, EFFICIENTLY ACCOMPLISH
SELECTED AIMS.

4. • ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE:
A MEASURE OF HOW EFFICIENTLY AND EFFECTIVELY A
MANAGER USES RESOURCES TO SATISFY CUSTOMERS AND
ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
• EFFICIENCY:
• DOING THE THINGS RIGHT. IS ABOUT PERFORMING A TASK
IN A BEST POSSIBLE MANNER.
• EFFECTIVENESS:
DOING THE RIGHT THINGS

5. MANAGER
• SOMEONE WHO WORKS WITH AND THROUGH OTHER
PEOPLE BY COORDINATING THEIR WORK ACTIVITIES IN
ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS.
• MANAGERS ARE INVOLVED WITH LEADING PEOPLE TO
ACHIEVE GOALS.

6. WHAT FACTORS MAKE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN MANAGERS?
• TYPE OF ORGANIZATION, ITS SIZE AND STRUCTURE.
• LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT.
• COMPANY AND PERSONAL GOALS.
• THE STYLE OF MANAGEMENT.
• WHAT IT IS THAT IS BEING MANAGED?
• WHO THE MANAGER IS WORKING WITH?

7. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
• SENIOR LEVEL
TOP OR STRATEGIC OR BOARD LEVEL MANAGERS.
• MIDDLE LEVEL
GENERAL AND FUNCTIONAL MANAGERS.
PRODUCTION MANAGER, SALES MANAGER, HR MANAGER
• JUNIOR LEVEL
FIRST LINE OR FRONT LINE MANAGERS
SENIOR SUPERVISORS
OPERATIONAL LEVEL

8. WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
• PLANNING:
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION THAT INVOLVES THE PROCESS OF
DEFINING GOALS ESTABLISHING STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING
THOSE GOALS, AND DEVELOPING PLANS TO INTEGRATE AND
COORDINATE WORK ACTIVITIES.
• ORGANIZING:
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION THAT INVOLVES THE PROCESS OF
DETERMINING WHAT TASKS ARE TO BE DONE, BY WHOM WILL BE
DONE, HOW THE TASKS WOULD BE GROUPED, WHO REPORTS TO
WHOM AND WHERE DECISIONS ARE TO BE MADE.

9. WHAT DO MANAGERS DO?
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
• LEADIND:
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION THAT INVOLVES MOTIVATING SUB-
ORDINATES, INFLUENCING INDIVIDUALS OR TEAMS AS THEY
WORK AND SELECTING THE MOST EFFECTIVE CHANNEL.
• CONTROLLING:
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION THAT INVOLVES THAT
MONITORING ACTUAL PERFORMANCE, COMPARING ACTUAL
TO STANDARD AND TAKING ACTIONS IF NECESSARY.

10. MANAGEMENT
SKILLS/QUALITIES
 TECHNICAL SKILLS:
A TECHNICAL SKILL INVOLVES QUALIFICATION, BACKGROUND,
SPECIALIZATION AND FIELD OF INTEREST OR, KNOWLEDGE OF AND
PROFICIENCY IN THE SPECIALIZED FIELD.
 HUMAN SKILLS OR BEING HUMAN:
IT IS THE ABILITY TO WORK WELL WITH THE OTHER PEOPLE INDIVIDUALLY
AND IN A GROUP.
 CONCEPTUAL SKILLS OR INTUITION:
IT IS THE ABILITY TO THINK AND PLAN FOR THE FUTURE AND ABOUT THE
COMPLEX SITUATIONS THAT MAY OCCUR.

11. MANAGEMENT SKILLS/QUALITIES
• CREATIVITY
CREATIVITY IS WHAT SEPARATES COMPETENCE FROM
EXCELLENCE. CREATIVITY IS THE SPARK THAT PROPELS PROJECTS
FORWARD AND THAT CAPTURES PEOPLES' ATTENTION.
• STRUCTURE
THE CONTEXT AND STRUCTURE WE WORK WITHIN ALWAYS HAVE
A SET OF PARAMETERS, LIMITATIONS AND GUIDELINES. KNOW
THE STRUCTURE INTIMATELY, SO AS TO GUIDE OTHERS TO
EFFECTIVELY WORK WITHIN THE GIVEN PARAMETERS.

12. MANAGEMENT SKILLS/QUALITIES
• VERSATILITY
FLEXIBILITY AND VERSATILITY ARE VALUABLE QUALITIES IN A
MANAGER. VERSATILITY IMPLIES AN OPENNESS - THIS
OPENNESS ALLOWS THE LEADER TO QUICKLY CHANGE ON A
DIME WHEN NECESSARY.
• DISCIPLINE/FOCUS
DISCIPLINE IS THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE AND LIVE FROM WHAT
ONE PAYS ATTENTION TO.

13. END OF CHAPTER NO.1