Management Functions

1. Management
Dr. Sumit Kumar Singh

2. DEFINITION
• According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done
through and with the people in formally organized groups.
• It is an art of creating an environment in which people can perform and
individuals and can co-operate towards attainment of group goals”.

3. Concept of management

4. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT

5. The Top Management
• It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director.
• The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it manages
goals and policies for an enterprise.
• It devotes more time on planning and coordinating functions.

6. Middle Level Management
• The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.
• They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their
department.
• They devote more time to organizational and directional functions.

7. Lower Level Management
• Lower level is also known as supervisory / operative level of management.
• It consists of supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc.
• In other words, they are concerned with direction and controlling function
of management.

8. FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
• According to George & Jerry, “There are four fundamental functions of
management i.e. planning, organizing, actuating and controlling”.
• According to Henry Fayol, “To manage is to forecast & plan, to organize,
to command, and to control”.
• Whereas Luther Gullick has given a keyword ‘POSDCORB’ where P stands
for Planning, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for Directing, Co for
Co-ordination, R for reporting & B for Budgeting.

10. Planning
• This essentially refers to establishing a broad sketch of the work to be
completed and the procedures incorporated to implement them.
• Planning is deciding in advance – what to do, when to do & how to do.
• It is an exercise in problem solving & decision making.
• Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals.

12. Organizing
• Organizing involves formally classifying, defining and synchronizing the
various sub-processes or subdivisions of the work to be done.
• It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources
and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of
organizational goals.
• To organize a business involves determining & providing human and non-
human resources to the organizational structure.

14. Staffing
• Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to
advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of
human behaviour etc.
• This involves recruiting and selecting the right candidates for the job and
facilitating their orientation and training while maintaining a favourable work
environment.
• Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure
through proper and effective selection, appraisal & development.

16. Directing
• This entails decision making and delegating structured instructions and
orders to execute them.
• It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action
of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere
preparations for doing the work.
• Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly
with influencing, guiding, supervising, motivating sub-ordinate for the
achievement of organizational goals.

18. Coordinating
• This basically refers to orchestrating and interlinking the various components
of the work.
• It is the task in the organisation to connect different sections and to achieve
cooperation.
• It is the task to synchronise different departments and to bring them
together with the right end goal in mind.

20. Reporting
• Reporting involves regularly updating the superior about the progress or the
work related activities.
• The information dissemination can be through records or inspection. A clear
report keeps communication open throughout the entire organisation.
• Reporting provides insight into the progress and agreements can also be
recorded in this way.

22. Budgeting
• Budgeting involves all the activities that under Auditing, Accounting, Fiscal
Planning and Control.
• In addition to employee wages, it is the to also properly monitor other
expenditures such as materials and investments.
• If wasteful spending, overruns, errors or even fraud are discovered, the
manager is responsible for taking action.

24. Summary
• POSDCORB is a system in managing where workforce and recruits can be
proficient in a manner that would be profitable for a business purpose.
• POSDCORB ensures effective and efficient functioning of the
organization/institution.
• POSDCORB model helps organization to divide the work into several
dealings and provision in getting utmost value out to every staff.
• These stages and footsteps of this ethics support the human resources to
provide to the requirements of an industry.