fresh water ecology-pond eosystem

2. B.SC SEM-V
BOTANY PAPER 2
TITLE - ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
UNIT 2 – HABITAT ECOLOGY
LIMNOLOGY/ FRESH WATER ECOLOGY
By
DrVishnupriya Sharma L 2
Department Of Botany
EwingChristian College
Prayagraj

3. PAPER 2 - ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT (UNIT 2)

9. HORIZONTAL STRATIFICATION IN LAKES
 Littoral zone- it is the shallow water near the shore.This littoral zone contains the upper warm and
oxygen rich circulating water layer known as EPILIMNION
 Sublittoral zone- it extends from rooted vegetation to the non circulating cold water with poor oxygen
zone k/as HYPOLIMNION
 Limnetic zone- it is the open water zone away from the shore. It is the zone upto the depth of
effective light penetration where rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration
 Profundal zone- the deep water area beneath limnetic zone and beyond the depth of effective light
penetration
 Abyssal zone- is the found only in deep lakes
 Pond have little vertical stratification. In them littoral zone is larger than the limnetic zone and
profundal zone. In a small pond the limnetic and profundal zone are not found. Lakes differ from ponds
in having relatively larger limnetic and profundal zone than littoral zone.

14. Pond ecosystem and its components-Fresh water ecosystem