2. Submitted by
NARAYAN AWASTHI
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
Submitted by
NARAYAN AWASTHI
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
Submitted to
DR. SACHIN KUMAR (SIR)
Asst. Professor,
Department of Genetics& Plant Breeding,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
Submitted to
DR. SACHIN KUMAR (SIR)
Asst. Professor,
Department of Genetics& Plant Breeding,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
CELL ORGANELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONCELL ORGANELLS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
8. Ribosomes
Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins &
RNA. Found on Rough ER
Function: Links together amino acids to make
proteins (that means enzymes too!)
9. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure: Thin folded membranes that are
connected together.
HAS ribosomes
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.
Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER
17. Plastids
1.Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems
2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment
3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of
photosynthesis
18. Chloroplast
Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains
chlorophyll (green pigment)
Function: Uses sunlight to create food,
photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae)
19. Mitochondria
Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own DNA &
ribosomes
Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of cellular
respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell
20. Chloroplast & Mitochondria
Both have: more than 1 membrane
‘Powerhouse’ of their cells
Contain their own DNA
Reproduce independently of the cell
Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?!
21. Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Structure: Jelly – like substance between the area of the
nucleus & cell membrane
Function: Hold organelles in place & site for chemical
reactions
23. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure: Thin folded membranes that are
connected together.
No ribosomes
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“. Also
makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as
drugs/alcohol
26. Cilium (cilia = plural)
Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used
For movement and gathering food
Editor's Notes
UC Santa Cruz scientists have for the first time taken a detailed picture, using x-ray crystallography, of a complete ribosome, the small cellular component which translates genetic information into proteins. The bacterial ribosome is composed of three different RNA molecules and more than 50 different proteins arranged in two major subunits, which join together to form the complete ribosome. During protein synthesis, the ribosome binds transfer RNA molecules in three different sites. In this image of the ribosome with transfer RNAs in all three binding sites, the large subunit is gray, the small subunit is violet, and the three transfer RNAs are green, blue, and red. www.aip.org/png/html/ribosome.html
the Golgi receives newly made proteins and lipids from the ER, puts the finishing touches on them, addresses them, and sends them to their final destinations. One of the places these molecules can end up is in lysosomes.
the Golgi receives newly made proteins and lipids from the ER, puts the finishing touches on them, addresses them, and sends them to their final destinations. One of the places these molecules can end up is in lysosomes.
www.biologyclass.net/celltheory.html
The three fibers of the cytoskeleton–microtubules in blue, intermediate filaments in red, and actin in green–play countless roles in the cell. http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell/chapter1.html
a series of large, flattened membranes that fold back and forth on each other and have a very large surface area. This collection of membranes is called the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, or ER.
The ER stretches from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane. It serves as a pathway through the cytoplasm, as a support structure for the attachment of other organelles, and as a workstation for the ribosomes. The ER can be divided into two parts: the rough ER and the smooth ER.
The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it and provides a surface along which the process of protein assembly can occur. The smooth ER does not have ribosomes and is much more tubular in appearance. In some human cells, the smooth ER produces steroids; in others it regulates calcium levels. In a process that scientists still don't understand, the rough ER manufactures the membranes of the smooth ER. www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4d.asp
