2. What is a cell?
Basic structural & functional unit of every organism.
“The cell is the functional unit of life
because all chemical reactions of life take place inside the
cell”… Schwann
Plants and animals are made of groups of cells.
3. How does the cells formed?
All living organisms are made out of cells.
New cells formed by the division of existing cells.
New cells are formed by the division of existing cells
(Mitosis)
4. There are two types of cells
PROKARYOTIC
bacteria & Archaea have
prokaryotic cells
No membrane bounded
nucleus or other
organelles
Genetic material forms
nucleoid (specific place in
cell where you find the
DNA/RNA
EUKARYOTIC
Protista, Fungi, animals &
plants have Eukaryotic
cells
Genetic material is inside
membrane bounded
nucleus + have other
organelles present
Larger than Prokaryotic
cells!!
5. Similarities
Both cells have:
Cytoplasm (fluid part of cells)
Chromosomes (genetic material (DNA/RNA))
Ribosomes (making proteins)
Cell membrane
6. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
PLANT- AND ANIMAL CELL
Animal cell
Cell membrane
Many small vacuoles
Lysosomes (contains enzymes for
digestion)
Plant cell Cell wall (provide structure to cell)
& cell membrane
Large vacuole
Chloroplast (Photosynthesis)
7. CELL WALL
(ONLY IN PLANT CELLS)
Consist of:
pectin (polysaccharide - elasticity),
cellulose fibrils
non-cellulose substances (hardens the cell
when mature)
lignin (adds strength to cell especially in woody
plants)
8. CELL MEMBRANE/PLASMA-
(ANIMAL- AND PLANT CELLS)
Consist of 2 phospholipid layers and
proteins in between.
The phospholipid layers are part
hydrophillic and part hydrophobic
9. NUCLEUS
+/- 5µm, largest organelle in eukaryotic cell.
Enclosed by nucleomembrane with nuclear pores.
Function: Protection and add to selective permeability.
Filled with nucleoplasma, a nucleolus and chromatin.
Function of chromatin: carries genetic material in the
form of chromosomes.
Function of nucleolus: Produce r-RNA
10. MITOCHONDRION
Consist of 2 membranes:
Outer – and a highly convoluted inner membrane- These
folds are called cristae – they increase the surface area.
Filled with matrix called stroma that contains DNA and
ribosomes.
Function: Produce energy in the form of ATP by means of
cellular respiration
11. CHLOROPLAST
(PLANT CELL ONLY)
Enclosed by a double membrane
Filled with stroma and thylakoids filled
with chlorophyll arranged in groups
called grana.
Ribosomes and starch grains in stroma.
Function: Photosynthesis
12. OTHER SMALLER
ORGANELLES
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transport system in cell
Ribosomes – Protein synthesis
Golgi-apparatus – Make lysosomes and acts as transport system
(proteins).
Lysosomes – Contains enzymes Intracellular digestion.
Plastids e.g.– Leucoplasts – Stores starch.
- Chromoplast – gives colour to flowers and fruit.
* Centrioli – Mitosis in animal cells
13. Sources/ references
Starr et al., 2013 – Chapter 4 and 5 p. 50-68 and 82-89.
Schwann, T and Schleyden, M. J. 1847. Microscopical
researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of
animals and plants. London: Printed for the Sydenham
Society.
Gupta, A. 2014. The Fundamental Unit Of Life Class 9th.
Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/adhweatgupta73/the-
fundamental-unit-of-life-class-9th-by-adhweat-
gupta?qid=c37198cb-1f25-423d-a713-
9d4bbbbadcbf&v=&b=&from_search=4
Dhaveji, C. 2015. Cell the basic unit of life. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/dhaveji/cell-the-basic-unit-of-life.
