POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

1. UNIT –I COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT

2. ENERGY CONSUMED

3. LOCATION OF POWER PLANT

4. Layout of Power plant

6. RANKINE CYALE

7. IMPROVISATIONS OF RANKINE CYALE
1. Reheating
• Flue gas reheating
• Live steam reheating
• Combined flue gas and live steam reheating
2. Regeneration
• Ideal
• Single Stage
• Two Stage
3. Combined Reheating and Regeneration

8. REHEATING CYCLE

9. REHEAT CYCLE

10. REGENERATION CYCLE

11. REGENERATION CYCLE

12. REGENERATION CYCLE

13. Classification of Boilers

14. Supercritical Boilers
1. Drum Type Boiler
2. Once through Boiler
Drum Type Boiler

15. Once-through Boiler

16. High Pressure Boilers
1. La- Mont FBB

17. 2. Benson Boiler

18. 3. Loeffler Boiler

19. 4. Velox Boiler

20. Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC)

21. Fluidized Bed Boilers
1. Bubbling FBB

22. Fluidized Bed Boilers
2. Circulating FBB

24. WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE
THERMAL ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY
STEAM TURBINE
Nozzle
Moving Blades

25. IMPULSE AND REACTION TURBINE

26. STEAM TURBINE AND BLADES

27. CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM TURBINES

28. IMPULSE TURBINE

29. VELOCITY COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE

30. PRESSURE COMPOUND IMPULSE TURBINE

31. VELOCITY AND PRESSURE COMPOUND REACTION
TURBINE

32. THROTTLE GOVERNING

33. NOZZLE CONTROL GOVERNING

34. BY- PASS GOVERNING

35. COAL HANDLING SYSTEM

36. COAL HANDLING
Coal delivery
Unload
Preparation
Transfer
Outdoor storage
Covered Storage
In plant handling
Weighing and measuring
Furnace

38. COAL PREPARATION PLANT

40. COAL CLEANING EQUIPMENTS
1. Removal of dirt – Primary screen to size less than 8cm
2. Coal drying - Moisture Less than 10%,heatby steam
3. Coal sizing – Uniformity of coal size is essential
4. Sulphur removal – More than 2.5% sulphur is restricted
due to fouling and corrosion
5. Washing
(i) Water Jigs
(ii) Concentrating table
(iii) hydro cyclone
(iv) Heavy medium

41. COAL BLENDING OR MIXING

43. Coal Mixing

44. Coal Transfer

47. COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT FOR
BURNING COAL

48. Fluidized Bed Furnace

50. FURNACE TYPES
 Dry-bottom furnace
 Wet-bottom or slag furnace

52. MECHANICAL STOKERS

53. Over feed Stoker

54. Under feed Stoker

56. Chain Grate stoker

57. Spreader stoker

58. Single retort stokers

59. Multi retort stokers

62. Pulveriser
1. Ball Tube Mill

63. 2.Hammer Mill

64. 3.Ball and Race Mill

65. 4.Bowl Mill

66. PULVERISED COAL FIRING
i. Direct system or Unit system
ii. Central or Bin system
Direct system or Unit system

67. Central or Bin system

68. PULVERISED COAL handling plant

69. PULVERISED FUEL BURNERS
TYPES OF BURNERS
 U FLAME BURNER
 TURBULENT BURNER
 TANGENTIAL FLOW BURNER
 CYCLONE BURNER

70. U FLAME BURNER or LONG
FLAME BURNER

71. TURBULENT BURNER or
SHORT FLAME BURNER

72. TANGENTIAL FLOW
BURNER

73. CYCLONE BURNER

74. ASH HANDLING
Ash handling refers to the method of collection,
conveying, interim storage and load out of various types
of ash residue left over from solid fuel combustion
processes.
The most common types of ash resulting from the
combustion of coal, wood and other solid fuels.
 Bottom Ash
 Bed Ash
 Fly Ash
 Ash Clinkers

75. ASH REMOVAL METHODS

76. VACUUM EXTRACTION PLANT

77. Hydraulic system

78. Mechanical system

79. pneumatic system

80. Dust collector

81. MECHANICAL DUST COLLECTOR
(a) Gravitational Separators

82. (b) Cyclone Separators

83. (c) Packed type scrubber

84. (d) Spray type wet collector
Water is sprayed by using towers
Particle size is 10 microns or above
10 microns

85. (e) ElectroStatic precipitator [ESP]

87. Natural Draught

89. mechanical Draught

95. COOLING TOWER
Schematic diagram of a cooling water system

96. Natural draft cooling tower

97. Hyperbolic Cooling Tower

98. FORCED DRAFT COOLING TOWER

99. INDUCED DRAFT COOLING TOWER

100. Forced Draft Cooling Tower Induced draft Cooling Towers

101. DRY COOLING TOWERS
Direct Type
Indirect Type

102. Direct Type

103. Dry cooling tower

104. Indirect cooling tower with
surface condenser

105. Indirect dry cooling tower
with spray condenser

106. Indirect dry cooling tower
using ammonia

108. FEED WATER TREATMENT

110. Boiler Feed Water Treatment Process

111. Boiler Feed Water Treatment System

112. DEMINERALIZATION PLANT

113. DEMINERALIZATION PLANT

114. REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT
(RO)Plant

115. REVERSE OSMOSIS PLANT

116. BINARY VAPOUR CYCLE

117. BINARY VAPOUR CYCLE

118. TOPPING CYCLE

119. COGENERATION SYSTEMS

120. Types of cogeneration power
plants
Topping cycle power plant
Bottoming cycle power plant
Topping cycle power plant
Combined-cycle Topping Combined Heat Power
(CHP) Plant
Gas Turbine Topping Combined Heat Power
(CHP) Plant
Steam-Turbine Topping Combined Heat Power
(CHP) Plant

121. Gas Turbine Topping Combined Heat
Power (CHP) Plant

122. Steam-Turbine Topping Combined Heat Power
(CHP) Plant

124. Condenser

125. Surface Condenser
1. Down flow type. Steam enters at
the top and flows downward. The
water flowing through the tubes in
one direction lower half comes out
in the opposite direction in the upper
half.

126. Central flow condenser. In this condenser the steam passages are all around
the periphery of the shell. Air is pumped away from the centre of the
condenser. The condensate moves radially towards the centre of tube nest.
Some of the exhaust steams while moving towards the centre meets the under
cooled condensate and pre-heats it thus reducing under cooling.
Evaporation condenser. In this condenser steam to be condensed is passed
through a series of tubes and the cooling waterfalls over these tubes in the form
of spray. A steam of air flows over the tubes to increase evaporation of cooling
water, which further increases the condensation of steam.

127. Jet Condenser
In jet condensers the exhaust steam and cooling water come in direct
contact with each other. The temperature of cooling water and the condensate
is same when leaving the condensers.