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Introduction and course schedule
- 1. fË¢nrZ pq¡¢uL¡
nrZ
plL¡l£ ü¡ÙÛÉ LjÑp§Q£l fËd¡e d¡l¡u
pLlZ
¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ pw−k¡Se
1
- 2. 1z i¨¢jL¡ (Introduction) x
¢h¢iæ fË¡L«¢aL J je¤oÉL«a c¤−Ñk¡−Nl L¡l−Z œ²jhdÑj¡e ¢hfæ fª¢bh£, S¡¢a, pj¡S J j¡e¤−ol
S£he J S£¢hL¡ ¢eu¢ja r¢aNËÙÛ qu z Na L−uL cn−L p¡l¡ fª¢bh£−a ¢hfkÑ−ul pwMÉ¡ hý…e
−h−s−R z haÑj¡e Smh¡u¤ f¢lhaÑe pwœ²¡¿¹ cªø¡¿¹ HC Lb¡C fËj¡¢ea L−l −k c¤−Ñk¡N J ¢hfkÑ−ul
f¢lpwMÉ¡e BlJ h¡s−h Hhw B−l¡ −hn£ −S¡l¡−m¡ q−h z ¢hfkÑu j¡e¤o, S¡¢a ab¡ pj¡−Sl
Eæ¢a ab¡ pgma¡−L dÆwp L−l z ¢hfkÑ−ul j§m L¡le…¢ml Efl −hn£ L¡S e¡ qJu¡u HC
¢hfkÑu…¢m Millennium Development Goal Hl ph−Q−u hs h¡d¡ q−u c¡¢sy−u−R z Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) 2005 - 2015 −a h¡dÉa¡j§mL i¡−h ¢hfkÑu fËi¡h−L Lj¡−e¡l
Hhw Eæu−el HL¢V Af¢lq¡kÑ Ef¡c¡e ¢qp¡−h ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ−L (Disaster Risk
Reduction) pjÙ¹ LjÑp§Q£−a pwk¤š² Ll¡l Lb¡ hm¡ q−u−R z ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ −Lhmj¡œ
¢h‘¡e£, f¢l−hn¢hc Hhw p¡j¡¢SL EæueL¡l£−cl L¡S eu z ¢ÙÛ¢aÙÛ¡fL BbÑ - p¡j¡¢SL Eæue
fË¢œ²u¡−aJ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el i¨¢jL¡ Ni£l z
i¡lah−oÑ f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡ (Panchayati Raj Institution / PRI) qm NË¡jÙ¹−ll fËn¡pe hÉhÙÛ¡ k¡
Eæue LjÑp§Q£ h¡Ù¹h¡ue Ll¡l SeÉ °al£ z HC hÉhÙÛ¡ Nea¡¢¿»L L¡W¡−j¡l HL¢V n¢š²n¡m£
Ef¡c¡e z NË¡j J pj¡S Eæu−e f’¡−ua …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−l b¡−L z HC L¡l−eC,
¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el e£¢a…¢m−L a«ej§m Ù¹−ll Eæue fË¢œ²u¡u p¢Çj¢ma Ll−a q−h z
Hja¡hÙÛ¡u f’¡−ua pcpÉ Hhw hÔL B¢dL¡¢lL−cl ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ J Eæu−el p−‰ a¡l
pÇfÑL pð−å pjÉL ‘¡e b¡L¡ clL¡l z HC fË¢nrZ¢ÙÛ¢aÙÛ¡fL ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ fË¢œ²u¡l
SeÉ HL¢V …l¦aÆf§eÑ fc−rf z HFA −a J HC HLC Lb¡l E−õM B−R z HR¡s¡J ÙÛ¡e£u
j¡e¤−ol AwnNËq−el Lb¡J E−õ¢Ma B−R z
HC fË¢nr−Zl fË¢nrLNZ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ pð−å p−Qaea¡ hª¢Ü J rja¡ hª¢Ül j−a¡ hs
E−Ÿ−nÉl p−‰ S¢sa z HC pq¡¢uL¡¢V fË¢nrZf¢lLÒfe¡ ab¡ f¢lQ¡me¡u pq¡ua¡ Ll−h z
f’¡−ua pcpÉ ab¡ hÔL B¢dL¡¢lL−cl fË¢nr−Zl SeÉ huú ¢nr¡l e£¢a…¢m Ae¤ple Ll¡
q−u−R z HR¡s¡J fË¢nr−Zl SeÉ Ae¤L¨m f¢l−hn, fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£, fË¢nrZfÜ¢a ab¡ fË¢nr−Zl
j§mÉ¡ue pð−åJ E−õM B−R z
2z fË¢nr−Zl hªqv E−ŸnÉ (Broad Objectives of the Training) x
• haÑj¡e plL¡l£ LjÑp§Q£ / fËLÒf…¢m à¡l¡ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ J a¡l LjÑ−rœ pð−å
p−Qaea¡ hª¢Ü z
• rja¡u−el j¡dÉ−j ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L J hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡ pð−å j¡e¤o−L fËÙ¹¥a Ll¡ z
• plL¡l£ cçl, −hplL¡l£ pwÙÛ¡, p¡d¡le j¡e¤o ab¡ AeÉ¡eÉ Awn£c¡l−cl j−dÉ pjeÄu p¡de
à¡l¡ ¢hfkÑ−u fËi¡¢ha j¡e¤o−cl ¢hfæa¡ Lj¡−e¡ z
3z ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ fË¢nr−Zl ¢h−no E−ŸnÉ (Specific Objective of training - Health Sector) x
fË¢nrZ−n−o AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m pð−å hÉ¡MÉ¡ (Explain) Ll−a f¡l−he -
L) ü¡−ÙÛÉl j§m Ef¡c¡e…¢m ¢h−noax ¢hfkÑ−ul f¢lfË¢r−a BO¡a, jªaÉ¥ Hhw a¡l L¡le
2
- 3. M) ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el f¢lLÒfe¡ J l©f¡u−el SeÉ f’¡−ua ab¡ AeÉ¡eÉ
Awn£c¡l−cl i¨¢jL¡
fË¢nrZ−n−o AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m fËcnÑe (Demonstrate) Ll−a f¡l−he -
L) ¢hfkÑu f¢lfË¢r−a ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L…¢m ¢Q¢q²aLlZ z ¢h−noax p¡d¡le −l¡−Nl J Seü¡−ÙÛÉl
T¥y¢L, Af¤¢ø, jq¡j¡l£, Sm plhl¡q, jmj§œ ¢e×f¢š J jn¡ / j¡¢R ¢eu¿»Z CaÉ¡¢c z
M) f’¡−ua à¡l¡ T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el f¢lLÒfe¡ J a¡ l©f¡u−el SeÉ ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ T¥y¢L…¢m
¢h−nÔoe J ANË¡¢dL¡l ¢i¢š−a p¡S¡−e¡ z
N) ¢h¢iæ fÜ¢a / Ef¡u hÉhq¡l L−l ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L ¢h−nÔoe Hhw B¢dL¡¢lL−cl a¡ S¡e¡−e¡ z
O) ü¡−ÙÛÉl pjÙ¹ Ef¡c¡e…¢m−L p¢Çj¢ma L−l ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊ¡Ê pLlZ f¢lLÒfe¡ °al£ Ll¡
fË¢nrZ−n−o AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m pjbÑe (Advocate) Ll−a f¡l−he -
L) ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ p¤¤ - AiÉ¡p…¢m Ae¤ple à¡l¡ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊ¡Ê pLlZ−L p¢œ²u Ll¡ z
M) plL¡l£ fËLÒf / LjÑp§Q£…¢m−a ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ−L p¢Çj¢ma Ll¡ z
4z AwnNËqeL¡l£ (Participants) x
HC fË¢nrZhªqv i¡−h ¢ae fËL¡l Awn£c¡l−cl à¡l¡ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ l©f¡u−el mrÉ ¢e−u
B−u¡¢Sa z
• f’¡−ua pcpÉ
• hÔL B¢dL¡¢lL Hhw
• plL¡¢l Hhw −hplL¡l£ Ù¹−ll fË¢nrL
HC ¢ae Ù¹−ll Awn£c¡l−cl fË−aÉ−Ll ¢iæ LjÑ−rœ J ¢iæ −h¡dn¢š² qJu¡u a¡−cl p¤Qe¡l ¤
fË−u¡SeJ ¢iæ z −k abÉ HC pq¡¢uL¡u −cJu¡ B−R a¡ pL−ml fË−u¡Se−L j¡b¡u −l−M °al£ z
HLSe fË¢nrL ¢qp¡−h AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl p¢WL abÉ −cJu¡ Bfe¡l LaÑhÉ z plL¡¢l
B¢dL¡¢lL−cl SeÉ hÉ¡MÉ¡ J −Lp ØV¡¢X B−R z f’¡−ua pcpÉ−cl SeÉ Ec¡qle ül©f ¢LR¥
f§−hÑ l©f¡¢ua OVe¡l ¢hhle£ Hhw fË¢nrL−cl SeÉ −k −L¡−e¡ lLj AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl SeÉ
fË−k¡SÉ abÉ z
A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡l pju fË¢nrL AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl −h¡dn¢š² J fË¢nrZfË−u¡Se£ua¡l Efl
¢i¢š L−l Efk¤š² abÉ…¢m −h−R ¢e−a f¡−le z
HL¢V fË¢nr−Zl SeÉ AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl BcnÑ pwMÉ¡ 25 Hl −hn£ e¡ qJu¡C i¡−m¡ z H−a
fË¢nrL AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl k−bø eSl ¢c−a f¡−le Hhw B−m¡Qe¡…¢m AwnNËqej§mL qu z c¤C
−b−L ¢aeSe fË¢nrL b¡L−m A¢d−hne…¢m i¡N¡i¡¢N L−l −eJu¡ k¡u Hhw HLSe fË¢nrL
fË¢nrZ−cJu¡L¡m£e AeÉ fË¢nrLl¡ ¢LR¥re ¢hnË¡j f¡−he z a¡l¡ pL−m ¢j−m HL−œ −L¡−e¡
EfÙÛ¡fe¡, hš²«a¡ ¢Lwh¡ AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a f¡−le z
fËL«af−r ph−Q−u hs pñ¡hÉ pjpÉ¡ q−a f¡−l k¢c Hl¡ pL−m fË¢nr−e e¡ b¡−Le z AeÉ hs
pjpÉ¡ q−a f¡−l k¢c fË¢nrZ−n−o AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ fË−u¡Se£u c¡¢uaÆ ¢e−a A¢eµR¥L h¡ ApjbÑ
b¡−Le z a¡C fË−u¡S−e ¢LR¥ −hn£ pju m¡N−mJ AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl a¡−cl i¢hov c¡¢uaÆ pÇf−LÑ
q¡−a - Lm−j ¢nr¡ ¢c−a q−h z
3
- 4. nrZfܢa
5z fË¢nrZfÜ¢a J Ef¡u (Method and Tools)
Lb¡u h−m, j¡e¤o ¢LR¥ −n¡e¡l fl a¡l 20 % j−e l¡−Me, 40 % j−e l¡−Me - k¡ ay¡l¡ −c−Me
J −n¡−ee Hhw 80 % j−e l¡−Me - k¡ ay¡l¡ ¢e−Sl¡ q¡−a Lm−j L−l −c−Me z HC Ec¡qle
Ae¤p¡−l fË¢nrZfÜ¢a−a ¢hn¡m f¢lhaÑe Be¡ q−u−R z öd¤j¡œ hš²«a¡−L hÉhq¡l e¡ L−l j§max
AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡ Hhw c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡−LC …l¦aÆ −cJu¡ q−u−R z fË¡çhuú
hÉ¡¢š²−L ¢nr¡ ¢c−a −N−m, fË−u¡Se a¡−L p¢Çj¢ma L−l ( Brikke 2000) a¡−cl f§−hÑl ‘¡e J
A¢i‘a¡−L ¢i¢š L−l −nM¡ z p¤¤al¡w pÇf¨eÑ fË¢nr−e fË¡çhuú hÉ¡¢š²−cl ¢nr¡ e£¢a …¢mlC
Ae¤ple q−h z −k p¡jNË£…¢m fË¢nr−e hÉhq©a q−h - a¡ à¡l¡ −ke AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ Ae¤Lm ¨
f¢l−h−n, −M¡m¡ j−e, ¢eSü fË−u¡S−el Lb¡ a¥−m dl−a f¡−le - −p¢c−LJ −Mu¡m l¡M¡ q−h z
¢h¢iæ fÜ¢a / Ef¡u −nM¡l p¤¤−k¡NJ AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ f¡−he, k¡ a¡l¡ flhaÑ£L¡−m AeÉ¡eÉ
fË¢nrZab¡ LjÑ−r−œJ hÉhq¡l Ll−he - k¡l hZÑe¡ A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡u −cJu¡ B−R z
fÜ¢a…¢m pð−å pw¢rç ¢hhle£ e£−Q −cJu¡ qm z
• c−m i¡N q−u L¡S (Group work) : HL¢V −R¡V c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡l HC
fÜ¢a¢V hýh¡l hÉhq©a q−u−R z Hl à¡l¡ c−m M¤h p¤¤¾cl AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡ qu
Hhw fË−u¡Se£u abÉ…¢m M¤h i¡−m¡ i¡−h E−W B−p z pwMÉ¡u Lj AwnNËqeL¡l£ qJu¡u
¢nr¡l p¤¤−k¡N −hn£ b¡−L z
• ¢g−l −cM¡ (Feedback) :
HL¢V A¢d−hne pð−å AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl Ae¤i¨¢a, ¢Q¿¹¡ J ja¡ja S¡e¡−e¡l SeÉ HC
Ef¡u hÉhq©a qu z HC fÜ¢al −j±¢mL ¢hou ja¡ja c¡e J a¡ −n¡e¡ / NËqe z −L¡−e¡
ja¡j−al Ešl −cJu¡l SeÉ eu z
• ja¡ja fËL¡−nl SeÉ L¡−XÑl hÉhq¡l (Card) x
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl ja¡ja −mM¡l SeÉ fË¡uC l¢Pe L¡XÑ −cJu¡ qu z H−a pL−ml
ja¡ja ¢m¢fhÜ q−u b¡L−m fË¢a¢ce fË¢a−hce −mM¡lJ p¤¤¢hd¡ qu z Hl à¡l¡
AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ ¢eSü d¡le¡, fËÙ¹¡h, CµR¡ / A¢eµR¡, EfÙÛ¡fe CaÉ¡¢cl fËL¡n Ll−a
f¡l−he z f−l H…¢m−L −cJu¡−m / Q¡VÑ −ff¡−l ¢Q¢V−u ¢c−m flhaÑ£L¡−m H…¢m hÉhq¡l
Ll−a p¤¤¢hd¡ qu z
• Q¡VÑ −ff¡−ll hÉhq¡l ( Flip Chart) x −R¡V c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡l pju B−m¡QÉ
hÉhq¡l
¢hou…¢m Q¡VÑ −ff¡−l ¢m−M l¡M¡ - M¤hC p¡d¡le Ef¡u z HR¡s¡J −L¡−e¡ L¡S EfÙÛ¡fe
Ll−a Q¡VÑ −ff¡l M¤hC i¡−m¡ j¡dÉj z A−eL −r−œ −h¡−XÑl hc−m Q¡VÑ −ff¡−l B−m¡QÉ
¢houhÙ¹¥ / B−m¡¢Qa ¢hou…¢m ¢m−M l¡M¡ qu z Q¡VÑ −ff¡l hÉhq¡−ll pju −Mu¡m l¡M−a
q−h −ke −mM¡…¢m k−bø hs j¡−fl qu - k¡−a c§l −b−L a¡ fs¡ k¡u z −mM¡…¢m −ke
−p¡S¡ m¡C−e qu Hhw f¢l×L¡l q¡−al −mM¡ b¡−L z Sl¦l£ abÉ −mM¡l fl fË¢nrZL−r
Q¡VÑ −ff¡l¢V pL−ml p¤¤¢hd¡l SeÉ V¡¢P−u −cJu¡ −k−a f¡−l z
• â¥a ¢Q¿¹e ( Brain Storming) x HC fÜ¢a à¡l¡ ¢h¢iæ d¡le¡, hÉ¡MÉ¡ ab¡ EfÙÛ¡fe M¤h
pq−SC a¥−m Be¡ pñh z AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl −L¡−e¡ HL¢V ¢hou pð−å QVÚSmÚ¢c ¢eSü
ja¡ja ¢c−a qu z HM¡−e B−m¡Qe¡l pju b¡−L e¡ z HC ¢h−no fÜ¢a hÉhq¡l à¡l¡
ea¥e d¡le¡ ab¡ f¤l¡−e¡ LjÑp§Q£l pjpÉ¡l pj¡¡e a¥−m Be¡ k¡u z
4
- 5. • A¢ieu (Role Play) x −L¡−e¡ HL¢V ¢h−no L¡Òf¢eL f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡
¢e−S−cl ¢h−no −L¡−e¡ f¢lQ−u ÙÛ¡¢fa L−l A¢ieu L−le z HC fÜ¢a −k −L¡−e¡
fË¢nr−eC hÉhq©a q−a f¡−l z HL¢V ¢h−no p¡j¡¢SL f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a I ¢h−no hÉ¢š²
¢Li¡−h BQlZ Ll−a f¡−l - a¡ Ae¤j¡e L−lC AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl A¢ieu Ll−a qu z
¢h¢iæ dl−el BQl−el hÉ¡MÉ¡ a¥−m dl¡l SeÉ H¢V M¤hC i¡−m¡ j¡dÉj z
• NÒf / L¡¢qe£l hÉhq¡l x L¡¢qe£l fË¢a¢m¢f c−m ¢hale L−l ¢ce z AwnNËqeL¡l£ a¡
f−s h¤T−a Ae¤−l¡d Ll¦e z a¡−cl Hh¡l f§hÑf¢lL¢Òfa ¢hou…¢m−L ¢i¢š L−l
EfÙÛ¡fe¡ Ll−a hm¤e z k¢c AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ AbÑ h¡ E−ŸnÉ e¡ h¤T−a f¡−le a−h a¡
AhnÉC hÉ¡MÉ¡ L−l ¢c−a q−h z
• R¢h / ¢p−ej¡l hÉhq¡l (Photographs / Video) x AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl ¢e¢hø j−e
A¢d−hn−el p¡−b k¤š² qJu¡l SeÉ a¡−cl f§−hÑ fËÙa ¢LR¥ R¢h / ¢p−ej¡ −cM¡−e¡ qu z
¥¹
6z fË¢nrZf¢l−hn (Training Environment) x
nrZf¢l−hn
fË¢nr−Zl BcnÑ ÙÛ¡e:
• j§m B−m¡Qe¡ Lr¢Vl Q¡lf¡−n c¤C −b−L fy¡Q¢V −R¡V Lr / Ol b¡L−m c−m i¡N q−u
L¡S Ll¡¢V M¤hC pqS qu z k¢c −pM¡−e Aa…¢m Lr e¡ b¡−L a−h j§m
fË¢nrZLr¢V−L −R¡V −R¡V Aw−n i¡N L−l −eJu¡ −k−a f¡−l z HR¡s¡J L−rl m¡−N¡u¡
h¡N¡e h¡ h¡l¡¾c¡J B−m¡Qe¡l SeÉ hÉhq¡l Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l z I ÙÛ¡−e h−p L¡S Ll¡
pñh ¢Le¡ - a¡ AhnÉC −c−M ¢e−a q−h z
• k−b¡¢Qa fËk¤¢š²Na f¢lL¡W¡−j¡ −kje Sep¡d¡l−el SeÉ −V¢m−g¡e, C¾V¡l−eV, ¢hcÉ¥a
plhl¡q, ¢p−ej¡ −cM¡−e¡l SeÉ fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£ CaÉ¡¢c b¡L¡ fË−u¡Se z fË¢nr−Zl ÙÛ¡−e
fË−u¡Se£u hÉhÙÛ¡ e¡ b¡L−m B−N −b−LC a¡l ¢hLÒf ¢Q¿¹¡ L−l l¡M¡ fË−u¡Se z
• h¡pÙÛ¡e J fË¢nrZÙÛ¡e L¡R¡L¡¢R qJu¡ h¡“e£u z
• fË¢nrZÙÛ¡e¢V Sep¡d¡l−el k¡a¡u¡−al hÉhÙÛ¡l L¡R¡L¡¢R qJu¡ i¡−m¡ z k¢c a¡ e¡ qu
a−h, AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl pju ja −fy±−R −cJu¡l SeÉ - k¡a¡u¡a hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l l¡M¡
fË−u¡Se z
• fË¢nr−e j−e¡-¢e¢hø Ll−a, L−r −QyQ¡−j¢Q / q–−N¡m fË¢a−l¡d Ll¦e z
• fË¢nrZL−rl L¡R¡L¡¢R ¢Q¢Lvp¡mu, g−V¡L¢f / fË¢a¢m¢f Ll¡−e¡l −c¡L¡e, ¢h−e¡c−el
ÙÛ¡e CaÉ¡¢c b¡L−m i¡−m¡ z kMe k¡ fË−u¡Se - a¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡−h z
fË¢nrZL−rl fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£ :
nrZL−rl
• fË¢nrZLr¢V k−bø hs qJu¡ fË−u¡Se z 15 S−el HL¢V c−ml SeÉ fË¡u 70 hNÑ ¢jV¡l
ÙÛ¡e b¡L¡ clL¡l (10 ¢jV¡l X 7 ¢jV¡l) z
• 25 S−el c−ml SeÉ Be¤j¡¢eL 150 hNÑ ¢jV¡l (15 ¢jV¡l X 10 ¢jV¡l) ÙÛ¡e b¡L¡
fË−u¡Se z L−rl j¡−T −L¡−e¡ b¡j / ¢fm¡l CaÉ¡¢c e¡ b¡L¡C i¡−m¡ z
5
- 6. • fË¢nrZL−r B−m¡ - h¡a¡p −Y¡L¡l SeÉ S¡e¡m¡ b¡L¡ fË−u¡Se z L«¢œj B−m¡l −Q−u
p§−kÑl B−m¡ A−eL −hn£ ü¡ÙÛÉLl Hhw Bl¡jc¡uL z S¡e¡m¡…¢m−a −j¡V¡ fcÑ¡ b¡L¡
fË−u¡Se k¡−a ¢p−ej¡ h¡ −L¡−e¡ fËcnÑe Ll¡l pju Lr¢Vl B−m¡ ¢eu¿»e Ll¡ k¡u z k¢c
S¡e¡m¡ e¡ b¡−L h¡ L«¢œj B−m¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ b¡−L, B−N −b−LC a¡ −c−M −eJu¡ i¡−m¡ k¡−a
fË¢nr−Zl pju −L¡−e¡ Ap¤¤¢hd¡ e¡ qu z
• fË¢nrZL−rl BcnÑ a¡fj¡œ¡ 22 ¢XNË£ −p¢¾V−NËX (71.6 ¢XNË£ F) qJu¡ E¢Qa z
HR¡s¡J −M¡m¡ q¡Ju¡ Bp¡l SeÉ k−bø hÉhÙÛ¡ b¡L¡ clL¡l z k¢c Air Conditioner
hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−µR - a−h a¡ f§−hÑC −c−M −eJu¡ fË−u¡Se z
• Bl¡jc¡uL hp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ qJu¡ clL¡l z HR¡s¡J −V¢hm / −Qu¡l…¢m q¡mL¡ q−m
fË−u¡Se¡e¤p¡−l hp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ f¢lhaÑe Ll¡ k¡−h z AdÑ−N¡m¡L«¢a h¡ Cw−lS£ "U"
BL«¢a−a hp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll¡ ph−Q−u i¡−m¡ Hhw c¤¢V −Qu¡−ll j¡−T k−bø S¡uN¡ b¡L¡
i¡−m¡ z Q¡VÑ −ff¡l…¢m ØVÉ¡ä h¡ −cJu¡−ml p−‰ V¡¢P−u l¡M¡V¡C i¡−m¡ z
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl k¡−a ¢mM−a p¤¤¢hd¡ qu a¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ b¡L¡ clL¡l z
• fË¢nrZL−r h¡C−ll BJu¡S e¡ Bp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a q−h z H−a AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡
j−e¡−k¡N pqL¡−l fË¢nrZ¢e−a f¡l−he z
• −f¡ø¡l, R¢h, Q¡VÑ −ff¡l CaÉ¡¢c V¡P¡−e¡l j−a¡ −cJu¡m b¡L¡ fË−u¡Se z j−e l¡M−he,
Hph V¡P¡−a ¢N−u −cJu¡m¢V −ke −e¡ws¡ e¡ qu z
• Lr¢V A¢gp, M¡Ju¡l Ol, −n±Q¡mu, b¡L¡l Ol CaÉ¡¢c −b−L L¡−R qJu¡ clL¡l z
hš²«a¡l SeÉ hp¡l dle -
6
- 8. 7) fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£ (Material Required) :
AwnNËqej§mL fË¢nr−Zl SeÉ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma p¡jNË£ fË−u¡Se z k¢c HC p¡jNË£…¢m e¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡u
a−h ¢hLÒf hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l l¡M¡ fË−u¡Se z fË¢a¢V A¢d−hn−el SeÉ Bm¡c¡i¡−h p¡jNË£ a¡¢mL¡
−cJu¡ B−R z HC a¡¢mL¡l p−‰ Hhw fË¢nr−Ll fË−u¡Se¡e¤p¡−l −p…¢ml hÉhÙÛ¡J L−l l¡M¡
clL¡l z
EfÙÛ¡f−el SeÉ −h¡XÑ
Q¡VÑ −ff¡l
j¡LÑ¡l −fe
l¢Pe L¡XÑ
¢fe
l¢Pe ¢ØVL¡l −ff¡l
−QV¡−e¡l SeÉ BW¡ Hhw −VfÚ
Ly¡¢Q
−ØVfÚm¡l
L¡NS g¥−V¡ Ll¡l k¿»
¢LÓf
−fe¢pm
−fe
M¡a¡
¢q−ph Ll¡l SeÉ −LmL¥−mV¡l
fË¢a¢m¢fl SeÉ A4 j¡−fl L¡NS
LÉ¡−jl¡
fË¡b¢jL fË¢a¢hd¡e h¡„
A¢d−hn−el SeÉ fË−u¡Se£u AeÉ¡eÉ p¡jNË£
8
- 9. nrZf¢lLÒfe¡
8) fË¢nrZf¢lLÒfe¡ Hhw abÉ °al£ (Training Plan and Hand Out) :
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl fË−u¡Se J −h¡dn¢š² Ae¤p¡−l fË¢nr−Zl ¢houhÙ¹¥ °al£ Ll¡ q−u−R z fË¢nr−Ll
c¡¢uaÆ A¢d−hne…¢ml j−dÉ pjeÄu O¢V−u AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl fË¢nrZ¢e−a pq¡ua¡ Ll¡ z HC
pq¡¢uL¡l p−‰ ¢ae - ¢c−el fË¢nr−Zl pjup§Q£ −cJu¡ B−R z fË¢a¢V A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ, j§MÉ
¢nr¡ CaÉ¡¢c p¢hÙ¹¡−l −mM¡ B−R z Hl p¡q¡−kÉ fË¢nrL A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ J A¢d−hne −n−o
AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡, −k j§MÉ ¢nr¡ m¡i Ll−h - a¡ pÇf−LÑ p−Qae b¡L−he z BlJ HL¢V pw¢rç
pjup§Q£ B−R −kM¡−e fË¢nrL−cl e¡j…¢m ¢m−M ¢e−a q−h z pj−ul Q¡¢qc¡e¤p¡−l
A¢d−hne…¢m−a f¢lhaÑe Be¡ −k−a f¡−l z k¢cJ HC pq¡¢uL¡ pL−ml Lb¡ j¡b¡u −l−MC °al£
Ll¡ q−u−R ah¤J f§−hÑ E−õ¢Ma ¢ae Ù¹−ll Awn£c¡l R¡s¡ AeÉ−cl SeÉ H¢V fË−k¡SÉ eu z
A¢d−hne…¢m j§max AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl ‘¡e, cra¡ ab¡ BQl−e f¢lhaÑe Be¡l E−Ÿ−nÉC
f¢lL¢Òfa z fË¢a¢V A¢d−hne ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m hÉ¡MÉ¡ L−l -
A¢d−hne pwMÉ¡
A¢d−hn−el SeÉ fË−u¡Se£u pju
A¢d−hn−el e¡j
A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ
abÉ J a−bÉl Evp
A¢d−hn−el j§MÉ ¢nr¡
A¢d−hne ¢hhle£ (¢j¢e−V ¢hiš²)
fˢnrZfܢa
fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£
Efk¤š² abÉ¡¢c A¢d−hn−el öl¦−aC AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl ¢hale Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l z k¢c fË¢nre¢V
fË¢nrL−cl SeÉ B−u¡¢Sa a−h pÇf¨eÑ pq¡¢uL¡¢VC a¡−cl −cJu¡ −k−a f¡−l z a¡l¡ i¡−m¡i¡−h
fs¡l fl B−m¡QÉ ¢hou Hhw fË¢nrZfÜ¢a pð−å a¡−cl ja¡ja −c−he z fË¢nrZQm¡L¡m£e
a¡l¡ ¢eS - ¢eS d¡le¡ EfÙÛ¡fe Ll−he z
9) A¢d−hn−el fËÙ¹¥¢al SeÉ ¢LR¥ d¡le¡ (Tips for Preparation of the sessions) :
fc−rf d¡le¡ ¢hou
1 A¢d−hn−el Hl à¡l¡ A¢d−hn−el f¢l¢d ab¡ ¢houhÙ¹¥l fË−u¡Se£ua¡ −h¡T¡ k¡−h z
E−ŸnÉ…¢m −h¡T¡ J fË¢nrL h¤T−a f¡l−he, AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl p−‰ L£ L£ B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡
j−e l¡M¡ clL¡l z
2 A¢d−hn−el j§MÉ fË¢a¢V A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉC qm, A¢d−hn−el j§MÉ ¢nr¡…¢m
¢nr¡…¢m −h¡T¡ J AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl L¡−R −f±y−R −cJu¡ z fË¢nrL j§MÉ ¢nr¡…¢m hš²hÉ
j−e l¡M¡ BL¡−l ¢m−M l¡M−a f¡−le z A¢d−hne Qm¡L¡m£e, mrÉ l¡M−a q−h
−k j§MÉ ¢nr¡…¢m ¢WLj−a¡ hm¡ q−µR ¢Le¡ z
9
- 10. 3 A¢d−hne AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl ¢nr¡Na −k¡NÉa¡, −h¡dn¢š² CaÉ¡¢c−L j¡b¡u −l−M
f¢lQ¡me¡l fÜ¢a¢V A¢d−hne f¢lQ¡me¡l fÜ¢a¢V h¡R−a q−h z fË¢nrL −ke fÜ¢a¢V
−h¡T¡ ¢WLj−a¡ lç L−l b¡−Le Hhw j§MÉ ¢nr¡…¢m ¢WLj−a¡ hm−a f¡−le -
a¡ p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll¡ clL¡l z
4 abÉ¡¢c ab¡ fËcnÑe A¢d−hne öl¦ Ll¡l B−NC pjÙ¹ abÉ¡¢c, p¡jNË£ Hhw fËcnÑe q¡−al
°al£ l¡M¤e L¡−R l¡M¤e z H−a fË¢nr−Zl …eNa j¡e h¡s−h z
5 A¢d−hne A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡¢V ¢j¢e−V ¢j¢e−V i¡N L−l −cJu¡u A¢d−hne
f¢lQ¡me¡l f¢lQ¡me¡u p¤¤¢hd¡ q−h z ¢e¢cÑø pj−u A¢d−hne −no Ll−aJ p¤¢¤ hd¡
f¢lLÒfe¡ L−l q−h z f¢lLÒfe¡u A¢d−hn−el p§Qe¡, f¢lQ¡me¡ J p¡l¡wn pð−å
l¡M¤e hÉ¡MÉ¡ b¡L¡u A¢d−hne f¢lQ¡me¡ pqS q−h z p¢WL J a£rÁ fË−nÀl
j¡dÉ−j AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl j¿¹hÉ NËq−el f¢lLÒfe¡ B−N −b−LC L−l
l¡M−a q−h z
6 fs¡ A¢d−hne f¢lQ¡me¡ fÜ¢a Hhw j§MÉ ¢nr¡…¢ml f¢l−fË¢r−a −k
abÉ¡¢c pq¡¢uL¡u −cJu¡ B−R - a¡ f−s ¢ee z H−a
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl fË−nÀl Sh¡h ¢c−a p¤¤¢hd¡ q−h Hhw A¢d−hne
f¢lQ¡me¡l j¡e Eæue q−h z
7 AiÉ¡p k¢c Bf¢e fËbjh¡l fË¢nrZ¢c−µRe ¢Lwh¡ −L¡−e¡ HL¢V fÜ¢a fËbjh¡l
hÉhq¡l Ll−a Q−m−Re, a−h AhnÉC a¡ AiÉ¡p L−l ¢ee z H−a
Bfe¡l fË¢nrZ¢c−a p¤¤¢hd¡ q−h z
10) j§mÉ¡ue (Evaluation) :
AeÉ¡eÉ L¡−Sl j−a¡C, j§mÉ¡ue qm fË¢nr−Zl Af¢lq¡kÑ L¡S z j§mÉ¡u−el j¡dÉ−j fË¢nr−Ll
LjÑrja¡l Eæ¢al fË−u¡Se, fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£l plhl¡q Hhw AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl Efl fË¢nr−Zl
¢L fËi¡h - a¡ pð−å S¡e¡ k¡u z j§mÉ¡ue−L j§max c¤Ci¡−N i¡N Ll¡ q−u−R z fË¢a¢eua
fË¢nrZfË¢œ²u¡u Eæ¢a Be¡l SeÉ fË¢a¢ce j§mÉ¡ue Hhw fË¢nre¢V−L CµR¡e¤l©f j¡ec−ä E¢æa
Ll−a ¢ae¢c−el fË¢nrZ−n−o HL¢V j§mÉ¡ue z
fË¢nrZj§mÉ¡u−el SeÉ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma fÜ¢a…¢ml Lb¡ p¤¤f¡¢ln Ll¡ q−u b¡−L z ¢hÙ¹¡¢la hÉ¡MÉ¡l
SeÉ A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡ −cM¤e z
• fË¢a¢c−el j§mÉ¡ue
• j¡e¢pL f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a j§mÉ¡ue (Mood Meter)
• AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl à¡l¡ B−Nl ¢c−el A¢d−hne pð−å f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡
• fË¢nrZj§mÉ¡ue p¡lZ£ (Form)
10
- 11. fË¢nr−e L£ L£ LlZ£u J L£ L£ Ll¡ E¢Qa eu ?
LlZ£u
−k −L¡−e¡ fË¢nr−Zl SeÉC ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m j¡b¡u l¡M¡ clL¡l -
LlZ£u
LlZ£u :
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl −Q¡−Ml ¢c−L a¡¢L−u Lb¡ hm−a q−h z
B−N −b−LC k−bø fËÙ¹¥¢a ¢e−a q−h z
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl p¢eÈ¢ma Ll−a q−h z
cªnÉ, R¢h, ¢p−ej¡l hÉhq¡l Ll−a q−h z
f¢l×L¡l i¡o¡u J d£−l Lb¡ hm−a q−h z
k−bø −S¡−l Lb¡ hm−a q−h −ke pL−m öe−a f¡u z
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl fËnÀ Ll−a Evp¡¢qa Ll−a q−h z
fË¢a¢V A¢d−hn−el −n−o p¡l¡wn J f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a q−h z
HL¢V A¢d−hn−el p−‰ AeÉ¢Vl ¢WLj−a¡ pjeÄu Ll−a q−h z
pLm−L p¢œ²u AwnNËq−el SeÉ Evp¡¢qa Ll−a q−h z
−h¡XÑ / Q¡VÑ −ff¡−l −mM¡l pju hs Hhw f¢l×L¡l L−l ¢mM−a q−h z
p¡l¡wn hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a q−h z
B−m¡QÉ ¢hou…¢m k¤¢š²k¤š²i¡−h p¡S¡−a q−h z
pj−ul p¢WL hÉhq¡l Ll−a q−h z
¢hou…¢m−L pqS−h¡dÉ L−l hm−a q−h z
fË−u¡Se Ae¤p¡−l ¢e−Sl j¿¹hÉ ¢ce z
cªnÉ, R¢h, ¢p−ej¡ Hje ÙÛ¡−e −cM¡−a q−h −ke pL−m −cM−a f¡u z
BQle k¡ AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl M¡l¡f m¡N−a f¡−l h¡ k¡ a¡−cl jepw−k¡N eø Ll−a f¡−l
- a¡ Ll¡ k¡−h e¡ z
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl n¡l£¢lL A¢ihÉ¢š² −h¡T¡l J a¡l fË¢a pS¡N b¡L−a q−h z
c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡l pju AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl L¡−S jepw−k¡N Ll−a p¡q¡kÉ Ll¦e z
Øfø ¢e−cÑn ¢c−a q−h z
Bfe¡l ¢e−cÑn…¢m pL−m h¤−T−R ¢Le¡ - a¡ fl£r¡ L−l ¢e−a q−h z
A¢d−hne −n−o j§mÉ¡ue Ll−a q−h z
°dkÑ pqL¡−l fË¢nrZf¢lQ¡me¡ Ll−a q−h z
LlZ£u
k¡ LlZ£u eu
X Q¡VÑ −ff¡−ll ¢c−L a¡¢L−u Lb¡ hm−he e¡ z
X cªnÉ, R¢h, ¢p−ej¡l p¡j−e cy¡¢s−u Lb¡ hm−he e¡ z
X HLC ÙÛ¡−e cy¡¢s−u Lb¡ hm−he e¡ - fË¢nrZL−r ¢h¢iæ ÙÛ¡−e O¤−l Lb¡ hm−a q−h z
X AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl j¿¹hÉ−L E−fr¡ Ll−he e¡ (hm¡ h¡ e¡ hm¡ / Cn¡l¡ /
C¢‰a) z
X f¡WÉœ²j −b−L f−s −n¡e¡−he e¡ z
X AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl p−‰ −S¡−l / ¢QvL¡l L−l Lb¡ hm−he e¡ z
11
- 12. 12)
12) fË¢nr−Zl pjup§Q£ (Training Schedule) :
A¢d−hne pju A¢d−hne A¢d−hn−el j§m ¢nr¡ fË¢nrZfÜ¢a
nrZfܢa
pwMÉ¡
fËbj ¢ce
1 .1 60 ¢j¢eV p§Qe¡, AiÉbÑe¡ J f¢lQu fhÑ AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ HC fË¢nr−Zl E−ŸnÉ B−u¡S−Ll hš²«a¡ / hš²hÉ
J f¢lhaÑ£L¡−ml L¡−Sl p−‰ c¤C S−el c−m ¢hiš² q−u
fË¢nr−Zl pÇfLÑ¢V h¤T−a f¡l−he H−L Af−ll f¢lQu fËc¡e
AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ H−L Af−ll p−‰ fË¢nr−Ll hš²hÉ
ab¡ fË¢nr−Ll p−‰ f¢l¢Qa q−he L¡−XÑ ¢m¢fhÜ L−l −cJu¡−m
fË¢nr−Zl ¢hou, fÜ¢a J p¤−k¡N
¤ V¡P¡−e¡
pð−å pL−m AhNa q−he
1 .2 30 ¢j¢eV ¢hfkÑu J Eæu−el pÇfLÑ j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæu−el d¡le¡ Ae¤k¡u£, â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
j¡e¤o ¢e−Sl Eæue p¡d−e j§MÉ i¨¢jL¡ cª−nÉl j¡dÉ−j ¢hou hÙ¹¥l
f¡me L−l z hZÑe¡
j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæue fË¢œ²u¡u AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl j−dÉ
j¡eh¡¢dL¡l ¢i¢šL L¡kÑfe¡m£C
Ë B−m¡Qe¡
(Right Based Approach) qm j¤MÉ ¢hou…¢ml pw¢rçLlZ
j§MÉ z
pj−ul ANËN¢al p¡−b S£he d¡l−Zl
j¡e Eæ¢a Ll¡ J jkÑ¡c¡l p¡−b −hy−Q
b¡L¡C qm Eæue z
hý L−ø A¢SÑa Eæue ¢hfkÑ−ul
L¡l−Z eø q−u k¡u z
c§−kÑ¡N J ¢hfæa¡l ¢jme ¢hfkÑu
12
- 13. −X−L B−e z
haÑj¡e ¢hfæa¡l p¡−b pj¡−Sl
haÑj¡e rja¡, pj¡−Sl Efl Ty¢¥ Ll
dle J j¡œ¡ ¢eZÑ−u …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡
f¡me L−l z
(c§−kÑ¡N × ¢hfæa¡) / rja¡ = Ty¢¥ Ll
j¡œ¡
1 .3 90 ¢j¢eV p¤¤l¢ra pj¡S NW−el L¡S ¢ÙÛ¢aÙÛ¡fL pj¡S NW−el °h¢nøÉ AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡
(Resilient Community) c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡
L¡−Sl j§MÉ Hm¡L¡ …¢m ¢Q¢q²aLlZ
¢hfkÑu qÊÊ¡pLlZ ab¡ Eæue L¡−Sl
j§MÉ ¢hou¢i¢šL HL¡m¡…¢m
¢Q¢q²aLlZ
1 .4 125 ¢j¢eV ¢ÙÛ¢aÙÛ¡fL pj¡S NW−e n¡pehÉhÙÛ¡ L¡−L h−m a¡ −h¡T¡ Hhw B−m¡Qe¡
f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ Hl °h¢nøÉ…−m¡ S¡e¡ Fig 1 −L −c¢M−u hZÑe¡
f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡l NWe fË−aÉ−Ll hÉ¢š²Na a¡¢mL¡
¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Z NË¡j f’¡−u−al h¡e¡−e¡
i¨¢jL¡ hZÑe¡
1 .5 75 ¢j¢eV ü¡ÙÛÉ Hhw ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L ü¡ÙÛÉ qm Hje HL¢V AhÙÛ¡ kMe â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
qÊÊ¡pLlZ j¡e¤o n¡¢ll£L, j¡e¢pL, p¡j¡¢SL ab¡ cª−nÉl hÉhq¡l
BdÉ¡¢aÈL i¡−h i¡−m¡ b¡−L z F- Diagram cª−nÉl hÉhq¡l
−l¡Nj¤š² b¡L¡V¡C ü¡ÙÛÉ eu z fËnÀ Eš−ll j¡dÉ−j
ü¡ÙÛÉ f¢l−oh¡u ¢hfkÑu Ty¢¥ L AwnNËqZj§mL B−m¡Qe¡
13
- 14. qÊÊ¡pLl−Zl Ef¡c¡e…¢m qm - ü¡ÙÛÉ
hÉhÙÛ¡, ü¡ÙÛÉ hÉhÙÛ¡l NWe/L¡W¡−j¡ ab¡
pwœ²¡jL Hhw Apwœ²¡jL hÉ¡¢d
¢eu¿»Z z
f¢ÕQjh−‰l ü¡ÙÛÉ hÉhÙÛ¡ J a¡l NWe
pÇf−LÑ S¡e¡ Sl¦l£ z
M¡cÉ J j−ml j¡dÉ−j ¢Li¡−h −l¡N
Rs¡u Hhw ¢Li¡−h a¡ fË¢a−l¡d Ll¡
k¡u; k¡−a Seü¡−ÙÛÉl Ty¥¢L Lj−h z
1 .6 45 ¢j¢eV ü¡ÙÛÉ Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢hfkÑ−ul f−l, ü¡ÙÛÉ HL¢V hs â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
E−à−Nl L¡lZ hÉ¡MÉ¡
Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ hÉhÙÛ¡ ¢hfkÑ−ul f−l R¢h / p¡lZ£ / a¡¢mL¡
Seü¡−ÙÛÉl Efl Bp£e fËi¡h…¢m−L hÉhq¡l
Lj¡u z p¡lZ£ hÉhq¡l
1 .7 60 ¢j¢eV pwœ²¡jL hÉ¡¢d f¢ÕQjh−‰ Seü¡ÙÛÉ ¢houL ¢LR¥ L¡−XÑl j¡dÉ−j cmNa L¡S
pwœ²¡jL hÉ¡¢d…¢m qm - X¡C¢lu¡, q¡a −d¡Ju¡ AiÉ¡p
¢eE−j¡¢eu¡, jÉ¡−m¢lu¡, q¡j, kr¡ z R¢h à¡l¡ hÉ¡MÉ¡
HC hÉ¡¢d…¢ml fËd¡e mre J EfpNÑ VIDEO
X¡C¢lu¡ fË¢a−l¡−dl ¢h¢iæ Ef¡u
eSlc¡l£ fËe¡m£ L¡−Sl SeÉ abÉ
plhl¡q Ll−he
1 .8 15 ¢j¢eV ¢g−l −cM¡ (Feed Back) AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl A¢d−hne, fË¢nrZ, j¿¹hÉ pwNËq
fË¢nrZ hÉhÙÛ¡ CaÉ¡¢c ¢ho−u j¿¹hÉ j¿¹hÉ…¢m pLm−L S¡e¡−e¡
14
- 15. Ll¡l A¢dL¡l B−R z
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl CµR¡e¤p¡−l fË¢nr−Zl
N¢a, hÉ¡MÉ¡l dle CaÉ¡¢c−a
f¢lhaÑ−el j¡dÉ−j fË¢nre−L B−l¡
Eæa Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l z
fË¢nrZ f¢lQ¡mL c−ml (TMT)
pcpÉl¡ pL−ml j¿¹hÉ pwNËq L−l a¡
fË¢nrL−cl p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡l à¡l¡
ea¥e ¢nr¡ ASÑe Ll−h z
¢àa£u ¢ce
2 .1 30 ¢j¢eV fËbj ¢c−el j§m ¢nr¡…¢ml B−Nl ¢c−el j§m ¢nr¡…¢ml TMT ¢eeÑu Ll−h - −L¡e
f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡ f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡l j¡dÉ−j AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ fÜ¢a a¡l¡ Ae¤plZ Ll−h
¢nr¡…¢m hý¢ce d−l j−e l¡M−a
f¡l−h z
j§m ¢nr¡…¢m ¢iæ ¢iæ fË¢œ²u¡u
f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ k¡u
2 .2 60 ¢j¢eV Apwœ²¡jL hÉ¡¢d / Ap¤¤ÙÛa¡ HC f¢l−fË¢r−a, Apwœ²¡jL hÉ¡¢d / â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
Ap¤¤ÙÛa¡ hm−a −h¡T¡u - BO¡a, S−m R¢hl p¡q¡−kÉ hZÑe¡, â¥a cmNa
−X¡h¡, j¡e¢pL Q¡f (Post Traumatic L¡S
Stress Disorder / PTSD) Hhw p¡−f AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl −cJu¡ abÉ f¡W
L¡V¡ z q¡−a Lm−j L−l −cM¡−e¡
fË¡b¢jL fË¢a¢hd¡−el pjÉL ‘¡e b¡L−m hZÑe¡
a¡s¡a¡¢s Bqa hÉ¢š²l önË¥o¡ Ll¡ k¡u z
15
- 16. p¡−f L¡V¡ −l¡N£l Efk¤š² ¢Q¢Lvp¡l SeÉ
¢ho¡š² p¡f−L pe¡š²LlZ Ll−a q−h,
k¡−a Efk¤š² hÉhÙÛ¡ NËqZ Ll¡ k¡u z
2 .3 75 ¢j¢eV ü¡ÙÛÉ J ¢hfæa¡ ü¡−ÙÛÉl −fË¢r−a ph−Q−u ¢hfæ −nËe£l hÉ¡MÉ¡
j¡e¤o q−me NiÑha£ / fËp¢§ a, k¤hL / RL, R¢h hÉhq¡l
k¤ha£, hªÜ / hªÜ¡, fË¢ahå£, HIV / â¥a ¢Q¿¹e, A¢ieu
AIDS Bœ²¡¿¹ hÉ¡¢š² z AwnNËqZj§mL B−m¡Qe¡
NiÑha£ j¡−ul NiÑhÙÛ¡u J p¿¹¡e
fËp−hl f−l k−bø kaÀ ¢e−a q−h z
¢hfæ −nËe£l j¡e¤−ol fË−u¡Se J a¡l
f¢lj¡f Ae¤p¡−l a¡l pj¡d¡e Ll−a
q−h z
2 .4 90 ¢j¢eV p¡j¡¢SL AwnNËqZ / pj¡−Sl ÙÛ¡e£u j¡e¤o Hm¡L¡l −L¡e pjpÉ¡ c§l c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡
p¡−b p¢Çj¢ma q−u L¡S Ll¡ Ll¡ / Lj¡−e¡l ph−Q−u hs pÇfc z AwnNËqZj§mL B−m¡Qe¡
pj¡−Sl p¡−b L¡S Ll¡l j¡−e
−Lhmj¡œ L−uLSe hÉ¢š²−L ¢e−u
L¡S Ll¡ eu z Hl AbÑ HL¢V L¡l−Z
ph −m¡−L−cl HLp−‰ ¢e−u Bp¡ z
¢h¢iæ ¢hfæ −nËZ£l j¡e¤o −kje, ¢nö,
j¢qm¡, huú, fË¢ahå£ pLm−L ¢Q¢q²a
L−l a¡−cl AwnNËqZ p¤¢¤ e¢ÕQa Ll−a
q−h z
pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡−el SeÉ fËi¡¢ha
16
- 17. hÉ¢š²−cl p−‰ L¡S Ll−a q−h z
2 .5 60 ¢j¢eV ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L j§mÉ¡ue ü¡ÙÛÉ T¥y¢L ¢edÑ¡l−Zl SeÉ ¢LR¥ hÉ¡MÉ¡
AwnNËqZ j§mL ¢nr¡ J L¡kÑLm¡f AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡
(PLA/PRA) hÉhq¡l Ll¡ k¡u z q¡−a Lm−j Ll¡
Hl j¡dÉ−j NË¡−jl j¡e¤−ol AwnNËqe
b¡L¡l SeÉ HC fÜ¢a−a ü¡ÙÛÉ ¢hfkÑu
T¥y¢L…¢m pq−SC j§mÉ¡ue Ll¡ k¡u z
j§mÉ¡u−el SeÉ f§−hÑC a¡¢mL¡ °al£
L−l ¢e−m p¤¤¢hd¡ qu z H−a M¤h −R¡V
OVe¡ k¡ …l¦aÆf§eÑ h¡ −k pjÙ¹
¢hfcNËÙ¹ j¡e¤o r¢al p−‰ S¢s−u
B−R a¡l¡ E−f¢ra qu e¡ z
2 .6 60 ¢j¢eV ü¡ÙÛÉ pðå£u ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L ü¡ÙÛÉ ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L AeÉ¡eÉ ¢ho−ul p−‰ hÉ¡MÉ¡ J AwnNËqej§mL
j§mÉ¡ue S¢sa Hhw pj¡−Sl p¡¢hÑL Ty¢¥ L−L B−m¡Qe¡
fËnÙ¹ L−l z c−m i¡N q−u L¡S Ll¡
Ty¥¢L pñ¡hÉ fËi¡h Hhw fËi¡¢ha
SepwMÉ¡l f¢l−fË¢r−aC ¢h−nÔoe Ll¡
fË−u¡Se z
¢h−nÔo−el Efl ¢i¢š L−l Ty¢¥ L
ANË¡¢dL¡l Ll¡ E¢Qv z
pñ¡hÉ pj¡d¡e fËÙ¹¡h Ll¡l SeÉ Ty¢¥ L
ANË¡¢dLlZ−L j−e l¡M−a q−h z Hl
¢i¢š−aC f’¡−ua à¡l¡ ¢hfkÑu Ty¢¥ L
qÊÊ¡pLlZ f¢lLÒfe¡ °al£ q−h z
17
- 18. 2 .7 60 ¢j¢eV f’¡−ua à¡l¡ ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ f¢ÕQjh−‰l ¢h¢iæ ÙÛ¡−e ¢LR¥ f’¡−ua â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Zl p¤¤ - p¤¤ - AiÉ¡p NËqZ L−l−R z B−m¡Qe¡
AiÉ¡p HC p¤¤ - AiÉ¡p …¢m qm -
fË¡¢aù¡¢eL fËph, AeÉœ ¢Q¢Lvp¡l
SeÉ ÙÛ¡e¡¿¹¢la k¡eh¡qe, Sm pwNËq,
‘−Le f¡lh e¡’, DOTS Hhw
Fever Depot
2 .8 15 ¢j¢eV ¢g−l −cM¡ (Feed Back) AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl A¢d−hne, fË¢nre, AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ ¢eS ¢eS
fË¢nrZhÉhÙÛ¡ CaÉ¡¢c ¢ho−u j¿¹hÉ Abh¡ cmNai¡−h B−m¡Qe¡l
Ll¡l A¢dL¡l B−R z fl j¿¹hÉ L¡−XÑ ¢m−M Sj¡
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl CµR¡e¤p¡−l fË¢nr−Zl −c−he
N¢a, hÉ¡MÉ¡l dle CaÉ¡¢c−a
f¢lhaÑ−el j¡dÉ−j fË¢nre−L B−l¡
Eæa Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l z
fË¢nrZ f¢lQ¡mL c−ml (TMT)
pcpÉl¡ pL−ml j¿¹hÉ pwNËq L−l a¡
fË¢nrL−cl p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡l à¡l¡
ea¥e ¢nr¡ ASÑe Ll−h z
a«a£u ¢ce
3 .1 30 ¢j¢eV ¢àa£u ¢c−el j§m ¢nr¡…¢ml f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡l j¡dÉ−j f§hÑ ¢c−el −nM¡ TMT ¢e−Sl fR¾cja fÜ¢a
f¤el¡−m¡Qe¡ abÉ…¢m ¢nr¡bÑ£l¡ A−eL ¢ce j−e −h−R −e−h
l¡M−a prj q−h z
j§m ¢nr¡l pw−r−f f§el¡−m¡Qe¡
18
- 19. A−eL i¡−h q−a f¡−l z
3 .2 60 ¢j¢eV plL¡l£ fËLÒf HC fËLÒf…¢m f’¡−u−al j¡dÉ−j B−m¡Qe¡
L¡kÑLl£ qu k¡ Eæu−el fËLÒf…¢ml plL¡l£ B¢dL¡¢l−Ll hš²hÉ
f¡n¡f¡¢n ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ deÉh¡c ‘¡fe
L¡S…¢ml p¡−b pwk¤š² ü¡ÙÛÉ pÇf¢LÑa
Ty¥¢L Lj¡−e¡l SeÉ L¡S L−l z
3 .3 75 ¢j¢eV ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L ¢h¢iæ dl−el Awn£c¡l −kje - B−m¡Qe¡
qÊÊ¡pLl−Zl Awn£c¡l ¢h−nÔoe pj¡S, −hplL¡l£ pwÙÛ¡, plL¡l£ cçl, Fig 1 −L −c¢M−u hZÑe¡
(Stakeholder Analysis) −Sm¡ La«fr CaÉ¡¢c pl¡p¢l Abh¡ fË−aÉ−Ll hÉ¢š²Na a¡¢mL¡
f−l¡ri¡−h Sm, ü¡ÙÛÉ¢hd¡e J h¡e¡−e¡
ü¡ÙÛÉ¢h¢d Hl p¡−b k¤š² b¡L−a f¡−l z hZÑe¡
f’¡−ua Sm, ü¡ÙÛÉ¢hd¡e J ü¡ÙÛÉ¢h¢dl
p¡−b pwk¤š² ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊ¡Ê pLl−Zl
fc−r−f Awn£c¡l−cl n¡¢jm Ll−a
f¡−l z
3 .4 90 ¢j¢eV ü¡−ÙÛÉl −r−œ Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Z f’¡−u−al NWe B−m¡Qe¡
f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ ü¡ÙÛÉ pðå£u ¢hfkÑu qÊÊ¡pLl−Z â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ J c¡¢uaÆ cmNa L¡S
3 .5 120 ¢j¢eV ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ ü¡ÙÛÉ pð¢åa ¢hfkÑu Ty¢¥ L qÊ¡Ê pLlZ B−m¡Qe¡
f¢lLÒfe¡ fc−r−f ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou …¢m b¡L¡ hÉ¢š²Na L¡S
clL¡l z kb¡ - pwœ²¡jL −l¡−Nl
Ty¥¢L, Apwœ²¡jL −l¡−Nl Ty¢¥ L, ¢hfæ
19
- 20. j¡e¤−ol ü¡ÙÛÉ CaÉ¡¢c z
Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el fc−rf c¤C dl−el
q−a f¡−l z
i) NWeNa fc−rf (Hardware)
ii) hÉhq¡lNa fc−rf (Software)
f’¡−ua à¡l¡ Nªq£a −L¡e p¡j¢NËL
Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ f¢lLÒfe¡−L ¢i¢š
L−lC Hm¡L¡ ¢i¢šL ü¡ÙÛÉ Ty¢¥ L
qÊÊ¡pLlZ f¢lLÒfe¡ h¡e¡−e¡l fË−u¡Se
B−R z
3 .6 60 ¢j¢eV fË¢a−l¡−dl J ¢eh¡l−Zl ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ fË¢œ²u¡−L â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
pwú«¢al Eæue −VLpC h¡e¡−e¡l SeÉ ‘¡e J abÉ NÒf / L¡¢qe£l hÉhq¡l
pwNËq Hhw a¡ SeNe−L S¡e¡−e¡ AwnNËqZL¡l£ fkÑ¡−m¡Qe¡
AaÉ¿¹ Sl¦l£ z
pj¡−Sl fË¢a¢V j¡e¤−ol c§−kÑ¡N,
¢hfæa¡ Hhw rja¡ ab¡ S£he
p¤¤l¢ra l¡M¡l fb S¡e¡ E¢Qv z
3 .7 15 ¢j¢eV fË¢nrZ j§mÉ¡ue haÑj¡e fË¢nr−Zl j§mÉ¡ue à¡l¡ hÉ¡MÉ¡
AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ i¢hoÉ−al hÉ¡¢š²Nai¡−h j§mÉ¡ue f−œ
fË¢nrZ…¢ml j¡e Eæu−e p¡q¡kÉ j¿¹hÉ −mM¡
L−le z
j§mÉ¡u−el fËd¡e E−ŸnÉ qm flhaÑ£
fË¢prZ…¢ml j¡e Eæue z
20
- 21. j§mÉ¡ue à¡l¡ fË¢nrLNZ fË¢nr−Zl
Ef−k¡¢Na¡, −k±¢š²La¡, Hhw
AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl SeÉ a¡ pqS−h¡dÉ
¢Le¡ - a¡ S¡e−a f¡l−he z
j§mÉ¡uZ ¢hou-¢i¢šL qu z
21