1. 1 . 4 ¢ÙÛ¢aÙÛ¡fL pj¡S NW−e f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ 125 ¢j¢eV
1z A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ (Session Objectives) x
A¢d−hn−el −n−o AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a f¡l−he -
AwnNËqej§mL n¡pehÉhÙÛ¡l fb
73aj pw−n¡¢da f’¡−ua BCe, pL−ml AwnNËqe p¤¢¤ e¢ÕQ−al Lb¡ h−m−R
f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡l NWe x NË¡j pi¡, NË¡j f’¡−ua, Ef p¢j¢a, f’¡−ua p¢j¢a, −Sm¡
f¢loc
73aj pw−n¡¢da BC−el 11ew d¡l¡ x NË¡j f’¡−u−al L¡kÑ¡hm£ Hhw Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el
p¡−b a¡−cl pÇfLÑ
2z A¢d−hn−el j§m ¢nr¡ (Key Learning Point) :
n¡pehÉhÙÛ¡ L¡−L h−m a¡ −h¡T¡ Hhw Hl °h¢nøÉ…−m¡ S¡e¡
f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡l NWe
¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−e NË¡j f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡
3z −S−e l¡M¤e (Hand Out) x
73 aj pw−n¡¢da f’¡−ua BC−e f’¡−ua£ l¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ ab¡ fË¢aù¡e…¢m−L fË−u¡Se£u rja¡
−cJu¡ q−u−R z f’¡−ua ÙÛ¡e£u ü-n¡p−el à¡l¡ BbÑ-p¡j¡¢SL Eæue J p¡j¡¢SL eÉ¡u fË¢aù¡l
SeÉ ¢h¢iæ −k¡Se¡ f¢lLÒfe¡ J a¡l l©f¡u−el c¡¢uaÆ B−R z
i¡lah−oÑ, f’¡−ua qm NË¡j Ù¹−l Ah¢ÙÛa phÑ¢ejÀ Nea¡¢¿»L hÉhÙÛ¡l Ef¡c¡e k¡ Ap£j rja¡l
A¢dL¡l£ z f’¡−ua e¡e¡ dl−el L¡kÑL¡l£ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−l, −kje - p¡j¡¢SL pwNWe−L Eæa
Ll¡, NË¡j Ù¹−l ¢hfkÑu −j¡L¡¢hm¡ Hhw fËa¥Éšl cm NWe, f§hÑ paÑL£LlZ fÜ¢a °al£ / ¢hL¡n,
EÜ¡lL¡l£l cm pwN¢Wa Ll¡ Hhw BS£¢hL¡l Evp…¢m−a °h¢QœÉ Be¡ z a¡C f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡
J LjÑQ¡l£N−Zl cra¡ hª¢Ü AaÉ¿¹ Sl¦l£ k¡−a a¡l¡ ¢hfkÑ−ul pju L¡kÑLl£l©−f fËa¥Éšl pÇf¡ce
Ll−a f¡−l z
f’¡−ua l¡S qm HL¢V ¢œ-Ù¹l£u fËn¡pe hÉhÙÛ¡ z H¢V NË¡j, hÔL Hhw −Sm¡ Ù¹−l - NË¡j
f’¡−ua, f’¡−ua p¢j¢a Hhw −Sm¡ f¢loc e¡−j L¡S L−l z 73aj pw−n¡d−el j¡dÉ−j
Eæuej§mL ab¡ ¢hfkÑu −j¡L¡¢hm¡ pwœ²¡¿¹ L¡−Sl SeÉ p¡d¡le j¡e¤−ol q¡−a A−eL rja¡
B−p z
1

2. −cM¡ k¡u, NË¡j f’¡−ua Ù¹l fkÑ¿¹ f’¡−ua£ l¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ i¡−m¡C L¡S L−l, ¢L¿¹¥ NË¡j pi¡ Hhw
Ef-p¢j¢a …¢m−L BlJ −S¡lc¡l Ll¡l fË−u¡Se B−R z HC c¤¢V fË¢aù¡eC Ty¥¢L j§mÉ¡ue, ¢hfæ
j¡e¤o−cl ¢Q¢q²aLle J Eæu−el p¡−b ¢j¢m−u Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el f¢lLÒfe¡ ab¡ L¡S Q¡¢m−u ¢e−u
−k−a …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me Ll−h z HR¡s¡J NË¡j pi¡ Eæu−el f−bl h¡d¡ ab¡ Aj£j¡wp£a
hÉÉf¡l…¢mJ −cM−h z 11 ew ag¢p−m f’¡−u−al L¡S…¢m h¢eÑa B−R z H −b−L −h¡T¡ k¡u
−k, ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−el pjÙ¹ L¡SC f’¡−ua Ll−a f¡−l z −k−qa¥ f’¡−ua p¡d¡le j¡e¤o,
Eæ¤u−el Awn£c¡l J fË¡np−el j¡−T −pa¥l j−a¡ L¡S L−l a¡C p¡j¡¢SL fËÙ¹¥¢a J ¢hfkÑu
fËnje (Disaster Mitigation) H f’¡−u−al n¡¢jm qJu¡V¡ AaÉ¿¹ …l¦aÆf§ZÑ z
73 aj pw−n¡de£ BCe, 1992 x
pw¢hd¡e (73 aj) pw−n¡de£ BCe, 1992 ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll¡l B−cn −cu -
¢œ-Ù¹l£u hÉhÙÛ¡ / L¡W¡−j¡ (NË¡j f’¡−ua, f’¡−ua p¢j¢a Hhw −Sm¡ f¢loc ) NWe
20 m−rl −hn£ SepwMÉ¡ hph¡pL¡l£ ph l¡SÉ…¢m−a œ£ - Ù¹l£u f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡ NWe
NË¡j Ù¹−l NË¡j pi¡ NWe
fË¢a 5 hR−l f’¡−ua Ù¹−l −i¡V NËqe
af¢nm£ S¡¢a Hhw af¢nm£ EfS¡¢al SeÉ pj¡e¤f¡¢aL Bpe pwlre
j¢qm¡−cl SeÉ 33 na¡w−nl E−ÜÑ Bpe pwlre
f’¡−ua …¢ml B¢bÑL rja¡−L p¡q¡kÉ J p¤¤f¡¢l−nl E−Ÿ−nÉ l¡SÉ AbÑ L¢jne NWe
−Sm¡l Eæue f¢lLÒfe¡l Mps¡ °al£l SeÉ −Sm¡ f¢lLÒfe¡ L¢j¢V NWe
rja¡ Hhw c¡¢uaÆ x
pw¢hd¡−el (73 aj pw−n¡de£) BCe 1992 à¡l¡ l¡SÉ plL¡l…¢m−L ¢LR¥ rja¡ fËc¡e Ll¡
q−u−R z HC rja¡l à¡l¡ l¡SÉ plL¡l f’¡−ua£ hÉhÙÛ¡u ü¡uaÆ-n¡pe fË¢a¢ùa Ll¡l SeÉ
f’¡−ua…¢m−L fË−u¡Se£u rja¡ / A¢dL¡l ¢c−u−Rz −p…l¢m ¢ejÀl©f x
pw¢hd¡−el 11ew af¢n−m h¢eÑa 29¢V ¢hou−L ¢i¢š L−l B¢bÑL Eæue J p¡j¡¢SL
eÉ¡u fË¢aù¡l SeÉ f¢lLÒfe¡ NËqe J a¡l pÇf¡ce Ll¡
2

3. f’¡−ua kb¡−k¡NÉ Ll, Eföó, öó CaÉ¡¢c d¡kÑ Ll¡l A¢dL¡l£
l¡SÉ plL¡l à¡l¡ Bc¡u Ll¡ Ll, Eföó, öó CaÉ¡¢c f’¡−ua−L qÙ¹¡¿¹l Ll−a q−h
NË¡j pi¡ x
f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡u NË¡jh¡p£ p¡d¡le pi¡ / NË¡j pi¡ e¡−j f¢l¢Qa ; f’¡−u−al p¤¤ùi¡−h L¡S Ll¡u
a¡l HL¢V …l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ B−R z NË¡j pi¡ °hW−L p¡d¡lZ c¢lâ j¡e¤o, j¢qm¡l¡ Hhw fË¡¢¿¹L
(Marginalized) j¡e¤−ol¡J HMe a¡−cl S£h−e fËi¡h −g−m Hje ¢hou…¢m−a B−m¡Qe¡ J
¢pÜ¡¿¹ NËq−e −k¡Nc¡−el p¤¤−k¡N f¡−µRe z NË¡j pi¡l p¢œ²u L¡kÑL¡l£a¡, AwnNËqeL¡l£ Nea¿»
üµRa¡, Sh¡h¢c¢qa¡ J L«¢aaÆ−L p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll−h z
NË¡j pi¡ Ljf−r Q¡lj¡−p HLh¡l °hWL Ll−h z ¢ce…¢m fËS¡a¿» ¢chp, nË¢jL ¢chp,
ü¡d£ea¡ ¢chp Hhw N¡å£ Su¿¹£ q−a f¡−l z
Q¡¢qc¡ j§mÉ¡u−el Efl ¢i¢š L−l i¢hoÉ−al Eæuej§mL L¡S…¢m ¢edÑ¡¢la Ll¡ z
f’¡−u−al B¢bÑL üµRma¡ Hhw L¡−Sl cra¡ / L¡kÑL¡l£a¡ hª¢Ül SeÉ fË−u¡Se£u
fl¡jnÑ / fËÙ¹¡h −cJu¡ z
NË¡j pi¡ °hW−L, f’¡−u−al −eJu¡ ¢pÜ¡¿¹…¢ml Efl fkÑ¡−m¡Qe¡, fË−u¡S−e fËnÀ h¡
pj£r¡J Ll¡ −k−a f¡−l z
NË¡j f’¡−ua Hl h¡¢oÑL ¢qp¡−hl Efl B−m¡Qe¡ z
pw¢hd¡−el (73 aj pw−n¡de) BCe 1992, f’¡−ua−L NË¡j Ù¹−l ü-n¡¢pa fË¢aù¡e ¢qp¡−h
¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma A¢dL¡l…¢m fËc¡e L−l−R -
NË¡j Ù¹−l Sep¡d¡l−el L¡S…¢ml f¢lLÒfe¡, pÇf¡ce¡ Hhw ašÄ¡hd¡e Ll−h z
NË¡j Ù¹−l SeN−el LmÉ¡e p¡d−el SeÉ ü¡ÙÛÉ, ¢nr¡, p¡ÇfËc¡¢uL pÇfË¢a, p¡j¡¢SL eÉ¡u
(¢h−noax S¡¢a J ¢m‰ ¢i¢šL °hojÉ) ÙÛ¡fe, pjpÉ¡ j£j¡wp¡ p¡de, ¢nö LmÉ¡e
(¢h−noax LeÉ¡ ¢nö) p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll−h z
f’¡−ua fË¢a¢hd¡e BCe 1996 (af¢n¢m Hm¡L¡ …¢ml SeÉ)
BV¢V B¢ch¡p£ Hm¡L¡ AdÉ¥¢oa l¡−SÉl SeÉ HC BCe fË−k¡SÉ z l¡SÉ…¢m qm x AåfË−cn,
¢hq¡l, …Sl¡V, ¢qj¡QmfË−cn, jq¡l¡øÊ, jdÉfË−cn, F¢so¡ Hhw l¡SÙÛ¡e z
24−n ¢X−pðl 1996 p¡m −b−L HC BCe m¡… q−u−R z l¡SÙÛ¡e Hhw ¢hq¡l R¡s¡ ph l¡−SÉC
1996 H 40 d¡l¡ BC−e E−õ¢Ma ¢euj…¢m m¡… Ll¡l SeÉ BCe fËeue L−l−Re z HC
BCe¡e¤p¡−l NË¡j pi¡−L −kph c¡¢uaÆ / rja¡ −cJu¡ q−u−R, a¡ ¢ejÀl©f x
hei¨¢j −b−L Evfæ â−hl j¡¢mL¡e¡
Eæue f¢lLÒfe¡−L Ae¤−j¡ce
¢h¢iæ LjÑp§Q£l m¡i¡bÑ£ Que
S¢j A¢dNËqe ¢ho−u fl¡jnÑ c¡e
−R¡V Sm¡nu…¢m lr¡e¡−hre
M¢eS pÇf−cl CS¡l¡ ¢eu¿»e
j¡cL âhÉ ¢h¢œ² ¢e¢oÜ / ¢eu¿»e
S¢jl qÙ¹¡¿¹l ¢e¢oÜ Ll¡ Hhw −hBCe£ i¡−h qÙ¹¡¿¹¢la af¢n¢m EfS¡¢a pÇfËc¡−ul
j¡e¤o−cl S¢j ¢g¢l−u −cJu¡
3

4. NË¡j£e h¡S¡l…¢m−L lr¡e¡−hre Ll¡
B¢ch¡p£−cl Gec¡−e ¢eu¿»e
−k −L¡−e¡ −r−œ L¡kÑla p¡j¡¢SL fË¢aù¡e Hhw L¡kÑLm¡f pj§−ql ¢eu¿»e
11 ew af¢n−m h¢eÑa f’¡−u−al L¡kÑ¡hm£ :
f’¡−u−al
¢h¢iæ LjÑp§Q£l ab¡ fËL−Òfl j¡dÉ−j B¢bÑL Eæue J p¡j¡¢SL eÉ¡u fË¢aù¡l SeÉ f’¡−u−al
¢h¢iæ c¡¢uaÆ…¢m qm ¢ejÀl¦f -
1) L«¢oL¡S Hhw a¡l pÇfËp¡le
2) i¨¢j Eæue, i¨¢j pwú¡l, S¢j cª¢tLle Hhw i¨¢j pwlre
3) Sm −pQ, Sm hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡ Hhw Sm¡d¡l °al£ / Eæue
4) föf¡me, c¤‡ hÉhp¡u Hhw j¤lN£ f¡me
5) jvpQ¡o
6) p¡j¡¢SL hei¨¢j J −N¡Q¡le hei¨¢j
7) hei¨¢j pwlre
8) r¥â¢nÒf Hhw M¡cÉ fË¢œ²u¡Lle ¢nÒf
9) M¡¢c, NË¡jÉ Hhw L¨W£l ¢nÒf
10) NË¡j£e h¡¢sOl
11) f¡e£u Sm
12) SÆ¡m¡e£ J föM¡cÉ
13) l¡Ù¹¡O¡V, −pa¥, −gl£, Smfb Hhw k¡a¡u¡−al AeÉ¡eÉ j¡dÉj
14) NË¡−j ¢hc¤Év pw−k¡N ab¡ ¢hc¤Év pl¡hl¡q
15) A¢Ql¡Q¢la / AfËQ¢ma n¢š²l Evp
16) c¡¢lâ c§l£Lle LjÑp§Q£
17) ¢nr¡ - fË¡b¢jL J j¡dÉ¢jL
18) L¡¢lNl£ fË¢nre Hhw hª¢šj§mL ¢nr¡
19) −f±t ab¡ AfËb¡Na ¢nr¡
20) NË¿Û¡N¡l
21) h¡S¡l Hhw −jm¡
22) Se h¾Ve / −lne hÉhÙÛ¡
23) ü¡ÙÛÉ J ü¡ÙÛÉ hÉhÙÛ¡, q¡pf¡a¡m, fË¡b¢jL ü¡ÙÛÉ−L¾cÊ Hhw X¡š²¡lM¡e¡
24) f¢lh¡l LmÉ¡e
25) e¡l£ J ¢nö Eæue
26) pj¡S LmÉ¡e, n¡¢ll£L J j¡e¢pL fË¢ahå£−cl LmÉ¡e
27) af¢nm£ S¡¢a J EfS¡¢al j¡dÉ−j pj¡−Sl ¢hfæ −nËe£l LmÉ¡e
28) p¡j¡¢SL pÇf−cl lr¡e¡−hre
4

5. 4z A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡ (Session Plan) :
pju A¢d−hn−el
A¢d−hn−el L¡kÑ ¢hhle£
fËbj 10 ¢j¢eV AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡l à¡l¡ A¢d−hn−el p§Qe¡ q−h z B−m¡Qe¡l ¢hou
q−h n¡pe hÉhÙÛ¡ z AwnNËqeL¡l£−c fËnÀ Ll−a q−h Hhw a¡−cl Sh¡h…¢m
−h¡−XÑ ¢m¢fhÜ Ll−a q−h z a¡¢mL¡ °al£ q−u −N−m ¢e−jÀ fËc¢nÑa RL¢V
(Mind Map) −cM¡−a q−h z HC RL¢V−L hs −gÓ„ BL¡−l R¡¢f−u −eJu¡
−k−a f¡−l z RL¢Vl fË¢a¢V d¡f p¢hÙ¹−l hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a q−h z
11 - 20 ¢j¢eV pw¢hd¡−el 73 aj pw−n¡de£ BCe pð−å AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡ :
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl ¢S‘¡p¡ Ll¦e −k a¡l¡ f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡ ab¡ pw¢hd¡−el
73 aj pw−n¡de£ BCe pð−å ¢L S¡−ee z ph Ešl −h¡−XÑ a¡¢mL¡ L−l
¢m−M l¡M¤e z ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m−L ¢i¢š L−l B−m¡Qe¡l p¡l¡wn à¡l¡
A¢d−hne −no Ll−a q−h z
NË¡j pi¡ qm ¢œ-Ù¹l£u f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡l h¤¢eu¡c£ L¡W¡−j¡ z HM¡−e
NË¡−jl ph¡C ¢eeÑu NËqe fËe¡m£−a AwnNËqe L−l z
j¢qm¡ af¢nm£ S¡¢a J af¢nm£ EfS¡¢al SeÉ Bpe pwlre,
pj¡−Sl ¢hfæ −nËe£l j¡e¤o−cl AwnNËq−e p¤¤−k¡N −cu z
j¡eh−L¾cÊ£L Eæu−e Hl¡ pL−m −Lhmj¡œ m¡i¡bÑ£ e¡ −b−L j§MÉ
i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−le z
fË¢a¢V NË¡j f’¡−ua ¢eSü Eæue f¢lLÒfe¡ J a¡ L¡kÑLl£
Ll¡l fc−rf ¢e−SC ¢e−a f¡−l z
21 - 45 ¢j¢eV f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡l L¡W¡−j¡ ¢ho−u AwnNËqej§mL B−m¡Qe¡ x ¢e−jÀ fËc¢nÑa
5

6. RL¢V AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl −cM¡−a q−h z a¡−cl Ae¤¤−l¡d Ll¦e HC R−Ll
f¢l−fË¢r−a f’¡−u−al fË¢a¢V Ù¹−ll L¡S J c¡¢uaÆ hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a z j−e
l¡M−he, AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ Efp¢j¢al L¡W¡−j¡, L¡S J c¡¢uaÆ…¢m e¡J S¡e−a
f¡−le z a¡C a¡ p¢hÙ¹¡−l hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a q−h z f¢l−n−o 73 aj pw−n¡de
BC−e h¢eÑa 11 ew af¢nm heÑe¡ Ll¦e z 11 ew af¢nm pð−å abÉ
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl j−dÉ ¢hale L−l a¡−cl a¡ c−m h−p fs−a hm¤e
46 - 80 ¢j¢eV ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLle pð−å 11 ew af¢n−ml h¢eÑa f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡l
LjÑp§Q£ pð−å c−m h−p L¡Sx
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl Q¡l¢V c−m i¡N L−l a¡−cl ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLle pð¢åa
pjÙ¹ L¡S…¢m ¢Q¢q²a Ll−a Ae¤−l¡d Ll¦e z f¢l−hn−el pju
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl à¡l¡ ¢Q¢q²a L¡−Sl p−‰ ¢hfkÑu Ty¢¥ L qÊÊ¡pLl−el pÇfLÑ¢V
hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a p¡q¡kÉ Ll¦e z
81 - 115 ¢j¢eV AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl Q¡l¢V c−m i¡N L−l ¢ce z a¡l¡ ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Zl
SeÉ f’¡−ua ¢h¢iæ i¥¢jL¡ …¢m A¢ie−ul j¡dÉ−j pL−ml p¡j−e
EfÙÛ¡fe Ll−he z fËÙ¹¥¢al SeÉ 15 ¢j¢eV Hhw 4¢V c−ml fË¢a¢Vl
EfÙÛ¡f−el SeÉ 5 ¢j¢eV = 20 ¢j¢eV
116 - 125 ¢j¢eV j§MÉ ¢nr¡…¢ml p¡l¡wn à¡l¡ A¢d−hne −no Ll¦e z
6

7. 5z fˢnre fܢa (Training Method) x
A¢d−hn−el Awn fÜ¢a
A¢d−hn−el p§Qe¡ B−m¡Qe¡
Awn£c¡l−cl a¡¢mL¡ fËcnÑe Fig 1 −L −c¢M−u heÑe¡
Awn£c¡l Hhw a¡−cl i¨¢jL¡l a¡¢mL¡ fË−aÉ−Ll hÉ¢š²Na a¡¢mL¡ h¡e¡−e¡
fËÙ¹¥aLle
pw¢rçLle heÑe¡
6z fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£ (Material Reqired) x
−h¡XÑ
j¡LÑ¡l −fe
Q¡VÑ −ff¡l
B−N −b−L fËÙ¹¥a R¢h / a¡¢mL¡ / RL
7