5. ♦ Schedule 1 : High Abuse, No Medical
Use, Lack of Safety
♦ Schedule 2: High Abuse, Medical Use,
High Dependency Risk
♦ Schedule 3: Lower Abuse, Medical Use,
Moderate Dependency Risk
♦ Schedule 4: Limited Abuse, High Medical
Utility, Low Dependency Risk
♦ Schedule 5: Minor Problems
6. Alcohol & Prescription Depressants
DEPRESSANTS: substances that slow down
nervous system functions
– Prescribed Depressants: Valium, Soma, Xanax,
Propofol (SCHEDULE 4 classification)
• Treatments: tension, anxiety, sleep disorders and depression
– Date Rape Depressants
• Rohypnol; Roofies SCHEDULE 4
– Originally prescribed during surgery and for sleep disorders
• GHB (Gammahydroxybutyrate) SCHEDULE 1
– Liquid: colorless, odorless, salty taste
– Prescribed for treatment of sleep disorders
– Bodybuilders use it to stimulate muscle growth
– Club Drug: Both are commonly taken with alcohol
• **If overdosed Rohypnol /GHB cause blackouts, coma, death
7. Beverage Alcohol Quick Facts.
♦ A. ETHANOL: Major ingredient in beers,
wine and distilled beverages (whiskey)
♦ B. Obtained through fermentation
– process of sugar/yeast converts to alcohol.
♦ C. Alcohol is a FOOD with NO nutritional
value….because it has calories
– Ex. 1.5 oz of 80 proof liquor = approx 100 cal.
8. ALCOHOL’S EFFECTS ON BODY
♦ Irritates mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach
– Increase risk of cancer in all of these areas
♦ Liver disease
– The liver breaks down toxic substances such as alcohol
– The alcohol over time cause scarring of the liver
• Cirrhosis
– Fatty Liver: fat deposits on liver
**ACETYLDEHYDROGENASE = The alcohol
enzyme that breaks down alcohol; women have less so
they get drunker quicker and suffer from liver disease
from smaller amounts of alcohol.
9. ALCOHOL’S EFFECTS
CONTINUED
♦ Heart
– Widens blood vessels = heart works harder
♦ Hypothermia
– Blood is pulled away from the extremities
♦ Dehydration
– Breaking down alcohol requires water
– Water is taken from the rest of the body
– Kidneys produce more urine
– Main cause of the “HANGOVER”
10. ALCOHOL’S
(DEPRESSANT’S) EFFECT ON
THE MIND
♦ Slows down nervous
system function causing
– Relaxation
– Loss of Inhibitions
• Natural behavior limits
• The “Idiot Light” Goes
Out
• Poor judgment
– Loss of Focus
– Loss of Coordination
– Slurred Speech
– Memory Loss
11. Factors Affecting Individual
Reaction to Alcohol
♦ Quantity and Rate of Consumption
♦ Type of Beverage
– “Healthy Liver” (.4 oz per hour) to metabolize from body
– Binge Drinking = Male: 5 or more/sitting Female: 4 or
more/sitting
♦ Body Weight
♦ Food in Stomach
♦ Genetics
♦ Tolerance/ Reverse tolerance (drinking history)
♦ Gender
♦ Medications (Synergistic Effect)
♦ Amount of Sleep
♦ Mood
12. ♦ Drinking and Jail/Fines
– DUI, Underage Drinking, Public Drunkiness
♦ Drinking and Sexual Activity
– STDs, Unplanned Pregnancy, Rape, Abuse
♦ Drinking and Diving
– 25% to 50% of all drowning, brain damage,
paralysis
♦ Drinking and Teen Brains
– Undeveloped brains are more vulnerable
13. ♦ Disease that causes a person to lose control of their
drinking behavior: The Alcoholic Cycle
– Stage 1: Problem drinking
• Experimentation-Social Drinking-Coping
– Stage 2: Tolerance
• More alcohol is needed; person is secretive; defensive
– Stage 3: Dependence
• The body develops a need
• User often experiences withdrawal ; anxiety, sweating, nausea
– Stage 4: Alcoholism
• Complete loss of control; health, family, morals and values are
compromised
– Stage 5: Reverse Tolerance
• Liver begins to metabolize alcohol less efficiently
• It now takes a person less alcohol to become intoxicated
14. ♦ AGE
– Kids drinking before age 15 are 4 times more likely to
become an alcoholic
♦ SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
– Friends, peer pressure, advertising
♦ GENETICS
– Scientists have linked several genes to alcohol
dependence
♦ RISK-TAKING PERSONALITY
– Impulsive behavior: Do Not Think Before Doing.
15. ♦ Illegal for an adult age 21 and over to operate a vehicle
with a Blood Alcohol content of .08 to .099
– UNDER 21 = (BAC 0.02) Automatic Tier II
Tier I Penalties 1st
offense: no loss of license (depending),
$300 fine, 6 months probation alcohol classes
Tier 1 2nd
Offense: 12 months license suspension, 5 days –
6months prison, $300 to $2500 fines, must attend classes
Ignition Interlock system installed for one year
$110/month or $190 every 2 months
16. Tier 2 = Adult BAC of .10 - .159 OR
1. Driver caused personal injury, property damage
2. Minor with BAC of .02 - .159
3. Operating a school bus with BAC .02 to .159
4. CDL License holder with BAC .04 to .159
1st
Offense: 12 months license suspension, OLL (Occupational
Limited License after 60 days)
48 hrs – 6 months prison, $500 to $5000 fine
***CDL License
1st
offense = 1 yr license suspension
2nd
offense = Permanent license suspension
17. ♦ Tier 3 (Super DUI) = BAC of .16 or Higher
OR
1. Refusal to submit blood, breath, urine test
2. Any trace of controlled substance not medically
prescribed
3. Combination of alcohol and other drugs
(controlled substances, inhalants etc..)
1st
Offense 12 months license suspension, OLL
(Occupational Limited License after 60 days)
72 hrs – 6 months prison, $1000 to $5000 fine
18. ♦ Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
– Involuntary jerking of the eye
– Head still
– Noticeable Swaying
♦ One Leg Stand
– Stand with foot raised 6 inches off ground
– Officer may count or have subject count
– Arms at side and watch the raised foot
♦ Walk and Turn
– 9 Heel-To-Toe Steps down a line & back
– Subject must keep arms at side, watch his/her feet and count steps out
loud
– Additional tests may include: the finger to nose test, the finger count
test, the hand pat test, the alphabet test, the reverse counting test, and
the coin pickup test.
19. ♦ Insurance Agency can
– Drop the Owner’s Policy completely
– Raise Owner’s Policy Premium to unaffordable
amounts
– **It can be very difficult to find another agency to
insure YOU.
20. How Do I Spot a Drunk Driver?
♦ Drives in spurts (fast slow fast…)
♦ Fails to use turn signals
♦ Fails to obey traffic signals/signs
♦ Drives w/out headlights
♦ Fails to dim lights at oncoming traffic
♦ Drives on wrong side of road
♦ Weaves back and forth while driving
– On any night 1 in 50 drivers is drunk
– On weekends 1 in 10 drivers is drunk
21. STATISTICS
♦ In 2006, 17,602 died in alcohol-related crashes
(approx 1 every 30minutes)
♦ 3 in 10 Americans will be involved in an alcohol-
related crash at some time
♦ 91 % of drinks consumed by teens are by those
that drink heavily (BINGE DRINKING)
♦ Alcohol involvement in fatal crashes is 3 times
higher at night than during the day
– www.madd.org
