This document discusses two types of samples in statistical analysis: independent samples and repeated samples. Independent samples come from completely separate groups that cannot overlap, like students in different grade levels. Repeated samples measure the same group more than once over time, like students taking multiple tests over a course.

1. Independent samples are samples from groups that are completely separate
from one another.
A repeated sample is the same group measured more than once
Four Levels 9th 10th
Independent Variable
Independent Samples
One cannot be in grade 9, grade 10, grade 11, or
grade 12 at the same time; therefore, samples of
from each of these groups are independent from
one another.
Three Levels Pre-test Post-test
Independent Variable
Repeated Samples A group of students are tested at the beginning of
the course, in the middle and at the end of the
course and thus are considered repeated samples.
12th
Year in School
11th
Midterm-
test
Time