H21 operational energy

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ACTION: Understand the Operational Energy Strategy
CONDITIONS: Given a classroom environment, a simulated micro-grid,
LABVOLT solar trainer, appropriate PPE, and regulatory guidance.
STANDARD: Understand the basic concepts of the Operational energy
policy.

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• Safety Requirements: None
• Risk Assessment Level: Low
• Environmental Considerations: None
• Evaluation: Students will be evaluated on this
block of instruction during the Electrical Systems
and Design Examination 4. Students must
receive a score of 80 percent or above to receive
a GO.

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DODD DoDD 4180.01, DoD Energy Policy with Change 1, August
10,2017
http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuance
s/dodd/418001_2014.pdf?ver=2017-08-10-145658-447
Department of Defense 2016 Operational Energy Strategy,
03 Dec 2015,
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a627624.pdf
NFPA 70 National Electric Code 2017

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• Operational Energy Doctrine Overview
• Renewables
• MicroGrids
• Energy Modeling Software
S3D03-5
Lesson Objectives

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Energy is a fundamental enabler of
military capability, and the ability of
the United States to project and
sustain the power necessary for
defense depends on the assured
delivery of this energy in training,
exercises, and operations.
The Department considers
operational energy to be the
energy used in military operations,
in direct support of military
operations, and in training that
supports unit readiness for military
operations, to include the energy
used at non-enduring locations
(contingency bases).
S3D03-6
Operational Energy

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Operational Energy
In fiscal year (FY) 2014, DoD consumed 87.4 million
barrels of fuel enterprise-wide to deploy and sustain
worldwide missions.

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• 2016 Operational Energy Strategy focuses on 3 major
goals:
• Increase future warfighting capability by including
energy throughout future force development.
• Identify and reduce logistics and operational risks from
operational energy vulnerabilities.
• Enhance mission effectiveness of the current force
through updated equipment and improvements in
training, exercises, and operations.
S3D03-8
Operational Energy Doctrine

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Operational Energy Strategy
Since the inaugural
Operational Energy Strategy
in 2011, the Department has
made tremendous strides in
refining our use of energy at
contingency bases, adapting
our requirements and force
development process, and
establishing operational
energy policy and oversight
across the Services,
Combatant Commands, and
the Department overall.

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• Energy is defined simply as the ability to do work. There are
6 basic forms of energy.
• Chemical
• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Nuclear
• Radiant
• Thermal
S3D03-10
Renewables

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• Energy is defined simply as the ability to do work. There are
6 basic forms of energy.
• Chemical
• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Nuclear
• Radiant
• Thermal
S3D03-11
Renewables

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• Kinetic energy is
energy of motion
• Potential energy is
stored energy
S3D03-12
Renewables

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• Renewable energy sources are continually
replenished by the sun's radiant energy and are
an important resource for clean (non-polluting)
energy conservation.
• These energy sources, such as solar and wind,
are also known as sustainable energy sources,
which do not cause long-term damage to our
environment.
S3D03-13
Renewables

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• Non-renewable energy sources cannot be
naturally replenished over a person’s lifetime.
• These energy sources, such as fossil fuels, are
also known as nonsustainable energy sources.
• They also produce many pollutants.
S3D03-14
Renewables

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• Common sources of energy are bioenergy, coal,
fuel cells, geothermal, hydropower, natural gas,
nuclear, ocean, oil, solar, and wind.
• Either directly or indirectly, all of these energy
sources receive their energy from the earth's
sun.
• For example, wind is created by uneven heating
of the planet. As warm air rises, nearby cooler air
moves in, beneath the warmer air.
S3D03-15
Renewables

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• Most energy sources begin as potential energy.
Hydropower, solar, and wind energy sources
begin as kinetic energy.
• Some sources of energy may begin as one or
the other, depending upon the form of fuel used.
• For example, geothermal energy may use the
heat stored within the earth.
• This is potential energy.
• However, geothermal energy may use
underground steam.
• This is kinetic energy
S3D03-16
Renewables

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• Solar Panels
• Inverters
• Battery Storage
• Solar Controller
S3D03-17
Solar Components

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• Microgrid System- A premises wiring system that
has generation, energy storage, and load(s), or
any combination thereof, that includes the ability to
disconnect from and parallel with the primary
source.
• NFPA 70 (2017) Articles 705 and 712 covers
microgrids. There are various other articles as well
for specific forms of equipment and systems that
could be connected to a microgrid.
S3D03-18
MicroGrids

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• On-Grid
• An on-grid microgrid is a system that is primarily on
a larger grid electrical system, but capable of
infusing other sources of energy into the system.
• A typical example of an on-grid system is most
residential solar systems.
• The system relies primarily on the grid; however,
other energy sources are able to supplement the
load.
S3D03-19
MicroGrids

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• Off-Grid
• An off-grid microgrid is just as the name states, off of
a larger grid.
• Think of this as a system feeding a cabin in the
woods far from any commercial power.
• The off-grid system is the primary source of power,
through various energy sources.
• A common application is a cabin in the woods with a
generator, a solar array, and battery storage.
S3D03-20
MicroGrids

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• Hybrid
• A hybrid system is one that can potentially be fed from a larger grid,
but also potentially self-sustaining.
• An example is the CBITEC hybrid microgrid setup. It supports its
primary load from a diesel generator; however, a battery storage
bank can also support the load and the generator can be completely
shut off.
• If the batteries become depleted, the generator can come online and
support the load while simultaneously charging the depleted
batteries.
• Once the batteries are in a charged state, the system can transition
back to the battery storage.
• This example creates cost savings due to generator efficiency. The
generator operates above 80% load while charging the batteries and
supporting the load.
• This is the most efficient range for most diesel generators, and gets
the best bang for your buck.
S3D03-21
MicroGrids

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• Energy modeling is a critical step to completing a
well-designed electrical system.
• This is not specific to microgrids or operational
energy concepts.
• An efficient system is a goal of operational energy;
therefore, using energy models to verify design
optimization is a great way to meet that goal.
S3D03-22
Energy Modeling

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• In order to help achieve the design and analysis
objectives of next-generation electrical power
distribution systems, Xendee has developed a
suite of secure enterprise-class cloud web
applications for power system designers and
engineers.
• Smart grid and microgrid one-line diagram
modelers integrate unique design automation
technologies in order to meet the engineering,
design and collaboration needs of virtually any
smart grid or microgrid system, regardless of
complexity.
S3D03-23
XENDEE

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• HOMER navigates the complexities of building
cost effective and reliable microgrids that combine
traditionally generated and renewable power,
storage, and load management.
• Smart grid and microgrid one-line diagram
modelers integrate unique design automation
technologies in order to meet the engineering,
design and collaboration needs of virtually any
smart grid or microgrid system, regardless of
complexity.
S3D03-24
HOMER

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• AutoDISE is a computer model developed to
simulate the use of DISE (Distribution Illumination
System, Electrical) or PDISE (Power Distribution
Illumination Systems, Electrical).
• DISE refers to the military family of power
distribution equipment (military customized
electrical breaker boxes).
• AutoDISE was designed for the use in US Army
systems using an intuitive graphics interface.
• AutoDISE can be downloaded after requesting a
download key at
• https://www.autodise.net/Downloads.aspx.
S3D03-25
AutoDISE

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• As a group of 2-3, build a comparative
business case that analytically proves which
option is the most cost effective. Put your
conclusion into a professional product and
brief the S3 during the next MDMP session.
• See Operational Energy Engineering
Economics PE for specific details
S3D03-26
Practical Exercise

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• Operational Energy Doctrine Overview
• Renewables
• MicroGrids
• Energy Modeling Software
S3D03-27
Summary