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1. Anti TNF Therapy
Background: Anti TNF agents are used to manage with different inflammatory diseases and since
late 1990s, FDA has approved TNF alpha inhibitor to treat moderate to severe inflammatory bowel
disease that prior treatment failed; though anti TNF therapy is not the first line of therapy; its
priority aim is to maintain remission, mucosal healing and improved quality of life. Currently
available anti TNF alpha are such as infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, golimumab, the
treatment of biologic agents significantly modify immune system with increased risk of reactivation
or development of tuberculosis and other severe infections such viral hepatitis, malignancy, skill
disease, drug induced systemic lupus erythematous–like syndromes and demyelinating ... Show
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The relative risk of developing tuberculosis treated in patients with TNF–α inhibitor. We used
STATA 12.0 software to establish all database analyses. The overall reactivation and newly
developed rate was measure for all the studies The OR was measure for all the studies and
heterogeneity was analyses using a random effects models were perform because of heterogeneity in
the analysis, if P50% moderate heterogeneity and >75% high heterogeneity[15]. A sensitivity
analysis was conducted to examine for heterogeneity when reliable studies were excluded from the
analysis. Publication bias was evaluated with funnel plot, Begg's and Egger's test[16,
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3. Imaging Biomarkers And Their Implications For Tumor...
Babak Saboury, MD, MPH; Sepideh Panahi, MD; Robert Morales MD; Eliot Siegel, MD
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Medical
Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
Reprint permissions are pending.
Radiomics and Personalized Medicine:
Imaging Biomarkers and their Implications for Tumor Heterogeneity Introduction
Cancer is the cause of death in one out of four people in the United States.{Cronin, 2014
#124;Ward, 2014 #128} The mortality rate has been almost constant in spite of all new discoveries
to cure cancer in the past few decades{Cronin, 2014 #124}. This shows that several contributing
factors play major roles. The practice of clinical oncology focuses on the diversity on cancer cells. ...
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Regional intratumoral heterogeneity manifests at the cellular level as subgroups of cells with
different genetic and phenotypic characteristics. Many newer tools (e.g., laser capture
microdessection) have been developed and used to help study this phenomenon on a cellular basis in
tumors previously considered to be homogeneous,.{Johann, 2009 #131}
Regional phenotypic evolution is driven by tremendous temporal and spatial variation in the
environment (and, therefore, environmental selection forces), mostly as a result of variability of
vascular density and blood flow. The prognostic significance of tumor heterogeneity has been
highlighted in several malignancies, and in fact, this characteristic has been included in the grading
systems for certain tumors {Yip, 2015 #242;Stahl, 2015 #136;Skibinski, 2015 #160;Singh, 2015
#230;Robertson–Tessi, 2015 #148;Supernat, 2014 #204;Longo, 2012 #339;Polyak, 2014 #223}.
(Figure 1 – Permission Pending)
Figure 1. Collisson, E. A. et al. (2012) What are we learning from the cancer genome? Nat. Rev.
Clin. Oncol. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.159
The importance of tumor heterogeneity
The most important utility of tumor heterogeneity quantification lies in its implications for
determining and defining therapeutic outcome in cancer. Onco–therapeutic interventions fail for two
general reasons: 1) cellular resistance, in which the cell is unresponsive to a treatment because of its
intrinsic properties (such as activation of xenobiotic
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5. Ag And Hsashare Similar Function Of The Heterogeneity Of...
disease state this value can exceed upto 3.0 mg/ml. AAG and HSAshare similar values of
association constant. similar to Hsaconstitutes a single polypeptide chain of 181 amino acids. AAG
could exist in multiple isoforms within different individuals. Around 42% of the molecular weight
of AAG is heterogenous carbohydrate composition, which constitutes 5 asparagine linked branched
glycan chains which contains approximately 11% sialic acid. N–linked gycans resulting extensive
gycosyalation gives protein a negative charge at neutral ph and also increases its water
solubility,The protein structure contains. 21% α–helix and 21% β–sheet. The carbohydrate group of
AAG does not affect conformation of the protein component. The physiological function ... Show
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GLOBULINS There are various plasma globulins which have been identified in the blood plasma
1) Α1 globulin: also known as transcortin. It binds to a number of steroidal drugs such as cortisone
and prednisone so also known a corticosteroid binding globulin
2) A2 globulin: also known as ceruloplasmin. It generally binds to vitamins A, D, E and K and also
to cupric ions.
3) Β1 globulin: also known as transferrin and it binds to ferrous ions.
4) B2 globulin: it binds to carotinoids.
5) Y–globulin: It generally binds to antigens.
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF PPB
Many successful methods to measure the degree of plasma protein binding of drugs have been
derived. All these method work by physically separating the unbound drug from the bound drug and
calculating the relative fractions.
Some beneficial techniques to measure plasma protein binding are:
a) Equilibrium dialysis
b) Ultrafiltration
c) Ultracentrifugation
d) Microdialysis
e) Gel filtration
f) Circular dichroism
g) Microspheres of albumin
There are some other techniques also which are utilized to a lesser extent such as micro–extraction
and optical biosensors such that they could be used for highly protein bound drugs. None of the
methods could be judged as superior over others as all these methods possess some advantages as
well as disadvantages.

6. A) EQUILIBRIUM DIALYSIS:
It is a well accepted and a popular metod used in PPB measurement. This
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8. What Is The Effects Of Signaling Heterogeneity On Targeted...
To investigate the effects of signaling heterogeneity on targeted therapy outcomes, we develop an
integrated approach of in vitro experiments and three different mathematical models, intracellular
signaling network model, cell population growth model, and hybrid cellular automata model,
proceeded as follows. First, we develop an intracellular signaling network model. We construct
simplified cancer–signaling pathway based on prior information about the pathway and
experimentally perturb the pathway by various kinase inhibitors. The model defines protein activity
or cell viability as a weighted sum of its neighbors, where each weight indicates interaction strength
between two nodes in the pathway. It is worth noting that network nodes ... Show more content on
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We also assume that the number of initial cell population in a treated condition is the same as one in
an untreated control condition. Then cell viability is written as a function of growth rates and time.
We consider the same time scale of our cell viability assay in our experiments.Here, we defined
tumor and stroma region explicitly based on an image of lung adenocarcinoma patient tissue. Tumor
region contains cancer cells. Since not all proteins in cancer cells are directly measurable due to
experimental limitation, many players and intermediate proteins in the pathway are not included in
our study. For this reason, an interaction between two proteins is not necessarily representing direct
interaction. Rather, it represents diverse and abstract influence of one entity to other entity in steady
state, where an entity can be a microenvironmental variable, intracellular protein, or cell viability.
As a result, we believe our manuscript is now more accessible to broader audience.
We now present core idea of three different mathematical modeling approaches upfront in
introduction. We also provide more explicit and clearer explanation of each modeling strategy in
mathematical modeling section. To avoid confusion our signaling model with kinetic modeling
approaches, we changed Figure 1–2, which now emphasize model fitting to various perturbation
conditions not time. We also emphasize what interaction weights mean in our modeling framework.
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10. Tumor Heterogeneity
Genetic and phenotypic variation is observed between tumors of different tissue and cell types
which mainly due to tumor heterogeneity. Heterogeneity is therefore as an important feature of
malignant tumor in diverse genetic backgrounds, pathological patterns, differentiation stages,
genetic mutation spectrum, transcriptomics and proteomics gene expression profile, et al. It
indicates the high complexity and diversity in cancer progression. Tumor heterogeneity and drug
resistance are great challenges for precision oncology and are taken account for the process of
research and development of new diagnostic methods and further antitumor agents. Tumor
heterogeneity is an important prognostic factor which could be manifested with medical imaging.
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12. The And Randomized Controlled Trials
The authors adhered to the PRISMA guidelines(16) in the preparation of this systematic quantitative
review. Randomized and quasi–randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the analgesic
effects of adding SNB to FNB following TKA were reviewed and evaluated using a predesigned
protocol.
Literature search
Two of the authors (F.W.A. and R.B.) independently searched the US National Library of Medicine
database, MEDLINE; and the Medline In–Process and Other Non–Indexed Citations databases; the
ExcerptaMedica database, Embase; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and the Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials database. The databases were searched using medical subject
headings (MeSH), text words, and controlled vocabulary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Eligibility criteria
We retrieved full reports and abstracts of RCTs that examined the effects of single–shot or catheter–
based infusion proximal SNB (SNB group) compared to placebo, systemic analgesia, or general
anesthesia (Control group) on analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing unilateral TKA. Only
RCTs where FNB was administered in both groups were included; and RCTs examining surgical
anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia were considered. We excluded studies if analgesic
outcomes (at least analgesic consumption or pain scores) were not reported; if distal SNB was
performed; if the analgesic effect of SNB could not be assessed in isolation from other concurrent
analgesic interventions, such as local anaesthetic wound infiltration, intra–articular injection, or
epidural anesthesia; if surgeries involved anatomical areas other than the knee joint, such as the
ankle; if knee procedures did not involve arthroplasty, such as cruciate ligament repair; or, if
adjuvants other than epinephrine were added to local anaesthetics. Additionally, trials involving
non–adult patients (<18 years) were also excluded. Search was limited to RCTs published in
English.
Selection of included studies
Two authors (F.W.A. and R.B.) independently evaluated the results of the literature search. The
decision on including qualifying studies in the review was taken by consensus between two of the
authors;
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14. The Heterogeneity Of Art Cinema, By Geoffrey Bordwell
Charles Pierse 11510667
In answering the claim that "the heterogeneity of art cinema makes a mockery of the attempts that
have been made to treat it as a distinct genre", I felt it important to choose readings that I felt tried to
deal with the elements of art cinema in a wider sense as opposed to focusing solely on a particular
film/director or country. With this in mind the readings I found most apt for this task were, "Art
Cinema" by Geoffrey Nowell–Smith whose essay the topic arose from, "The Art Cinema as Mode of
Film Practice" by David Bordwell, "The French New Wave" by T Jefferson Kline and finally "The
European Art Movie" by Thomas Elsaesser. The films I have decided to apply these readings to are
"Vivre sa Vie" (Godard, 1962) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The essay begins and ends by discussing Ingmar Bergman specifically, which while interesting and
at times relevant, is for the most part superfluous in directly dealing with the topic at hand. The mid
section of the essay I believe however is acutely pertinent. Elsaesser moves from his original
specific focus on Bergman and extends it to European and thus art cinema. He raises the issue of the
perceived notion of American (classical) cinema versus European (deviant) cinema. In addressing
this issue Elsaesser breaks down the commonalities within each respective cinema. It is in this
breakdown that I found this essay not only helpful but also intriguing in it's novel approach to the
topic. He provides the crudest definition of the supposed opposing cinemas as "Quick Hollywood
and Slow Europe". In his expansion of the "slow" nature of European cinema he shows his
attentiveness to the components of art cinema. Citing slow delivery of dialogue, less cuts and deep
staging as trademarks of art cinema as a whole. He then goes even further than these technical
aspects and delves into the shared "self conscious" plot structures, as well as the distinct lack of
strong causality in these films. He suggests that art cinema merely sets a different task to viewers
than classical, be it discovering a character's true motivation, piecing together a "scattered timeline"
or a having to separate the "real" from the "imagined". It's worth noting that "Wild Strawberries" is a
film that presents the audience with every one of these tasks. I believe that this essay would not be
only useful in answering against the proposed topic but also provides a fresh view on the elements
which art cinema is composed
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16. Antibiotics For Acute Respiratory Infections
Antibiotics are over–prescribed, and this has contributed to community bacterial resistance to
antibiotics. The use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is controversial. The
delayed antibiotic strategy has been advocated as a safety net for uncomplicated ARIs, in an effort to
reduce antibiotic use. The authors conducted the study to evaluate the antibiotic usage, clinical
outcomes, and patient satisfactions for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) of the delayed strategy
compared to immediate and no antibiotic strategies.
1. Are the results of the review valid?
a. Are the studies contained in the review RCTs?
Yes, this review included ten studies, involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total of
3157 participants. These RCTs met quality inclusion criteria. The delayed antibiotic strategy was
compared to antibiotic used immediately or no antibiotics in the participants of all ages with ARIs.
The authors evaluated clinical outcomes antibiotic use, patient satisfaction, and re–consultation rates
in the three methods.
b. Does the review include a detailed description of the search strategy to find all relevant studies?
Yes, a detailed description of search strategy is included in the review. A large number of database
were searched, such as Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Ovid MEDLINE,
EMBASE, Science Citation Index – Web of Science, and BSCO CINAHL. The month/year ranges
they conducted the search were provided.
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18. Asian American Heterogeneity
Project Summary: Asian Americans are now the fastest growing racial group in the United States
and consists of over 20 national origin groups with distinctive ethnicity, language, religion, cultural
practices, immigration history, socioeconomic status and mobility patterns, experiences of
racialization, and perceptions of life in the United States. Yet, intra–Asian heterogeneity is seldom
explored empirically. In this study, I examine how heterogeneity among Asian Americans affects
interethnic group relations and the larger race relations in the United States using intermarriage as a
measure of social distance and minority incorporation. Specifically, I ask the following question:
What are the implications of Asian American interethnic and interracial marriage patterns and trends
for their ethnic group boundary formation and racial group positioning in the contemporary
American society? I will address this question by conducting three sets of statistical analyses using
the American Community Survey (ACS) data from years 2008, 2012, and 2015, and the 2016
National Asian American Survey (NAAS) data. The first set of analyses will examine descriptively
where the ethnoracial boundaries among different Asian ethnic groups, as well as between racial
groups, are most rigid by comparing individual attitudes toward other racial and ethnic groups to
actual interethnic and interracial marriage patterns. The second set of analyses will investigate if all
Asian intermarriages occur
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20. Implications Of Heterogeneity In The Enhanced Oil Recovery...
The heterogeneity is a rock factor that impedes fluid distortion through porous media where it has a
great influence on the sweep efficiency in Enhanced Oil Recovery processes. Furthermore, it can be
considered as the most crucial factor that strongly affects the hydrocarbon recovery efficiencies,
especially in heterogeneous reservoirs. Therefore, quantifying the effects of heterogeneity and
anisotropy is an essential step in reservoir simulation and Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) studies as
that leads to determine the optimal design of EOR process implementation of the field development
tasks. The heterogeneity and anisotropy relate to the spatial and directional distributions of the
petrophysical properties, specifically horizontal and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several studies have been conducted to measure and quantify the effect of heterogeneity on the
performance of EOR processes, with respect to the sweep efficiency and hydrocarbon recovery.
citet{RefX} suggested an improved index to measure the reservoir heterogeneity based on the
variations in shear–strain rates, which are calculated from single–phase flow simulations. That new
index can rank several reservoir models based on the mobility–ratios for both immiscible and
miscible flooding processes citep{RefX}. Likewise, the effect of heterogeneity can be quantified
through infill drilling by placing infill vertical and horizontal wells to increase production. The
lateral reservoir heterogeneity is an effective method to estimate the incremental oil that was drained
from an infill well. Then, an insufficient understanding of reservoir heterogeneities and how it
affects recovery processes can be a reason of inefficient drainage of oil in an infill oil project
citep{RefY}. citet{RefZ} studied the combined effect of permeability variation and spatial
correlation of the reservoir continuity on the performance of miscible and immiscible flooding
displacements through horizontal wells. Accordingly, the combination of high permeability variation
and high correlation length significantly reduces the displacement performance of horizontal wells
citep{RefZ}. More specifically, the high reservoir heterogeneity in CO2 miscible flooding
performance leads to making the
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22. Social Disorganization Theory Essay
Social Disorganization theory connects crime rates to neighborhood ecological characteristics.
Based on the research and according to Osgood and Chambers, social disorganization theory
specifies three important variables; residential instability, ethnic Heterogeneity, female–headed
households. These three variables are considered to be the most criminogenic.
Instability– Based on Osgood and Chambers research, criminal behaviors are high and the rates of
juvenile violence in both rural and urban areas would increase. According to the article when the
population is changing constantly, residents would have less time to develop a strong bond with
each other. "Osgood and Chambers found that residential instability is associated with higher rates
of rape, aggravated assault, weapons violations, and simple assaults as well as the overall violent
crime index." (Osgood and Chambers pg. 22) If there is no communication or understanding within
a community, how can it stand as a strong fold. Ethnic Heterogeneity – Ethnic Heterogeneity also
known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I
consider to be one of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nothing is wrong with a female being the head of the household, if that is the only parent raising a
child. However, in a two parent household parenting should be shared among the adults. If there is a
strain to give your time, energy and support to your child, they will eventually find it elsewhere.
More or so likely by joining a gang or committing criminal activities to feel as though they belong.
"Given the coefficient of 5.31 for the violent crime index, an increase of 13% in female–headed
households would produce a doubling of the offense rate, the strongest relationship in the model."
(Osgood and Chambers pg.
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24. Methods Of Search For Eligible Studies
Methods
Search for eligible studies
We retrieved electronic databases of PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane library, and CNKI using the
following keywords: ''osteosarcoma'', "chemotherapy", "survival" (from database set up to October
2016 to identify the eligible articles. The reference lists of retrieved articles and relevant reviews
were reviewed manually to find additional relevant studies.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Articles were selected if they met the following general criteria:
1) Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or comparative observational studies (CCTs); 2) subjects
were diagnosed with osteosarcoma; 3) More intensified chemotherapy strategies in the treatment
group than the control group administered conventional chemotherapy strategies; 4) clear survival
rate.
Articles were excluded if there were: 1) Patients with metastases or history of cancer; 2) articles in
non–English; 3) The study type of letters, case reports, editorials or reviews; 4) articles with
incomplete raw data.
Data extraction
For included articles, two authors (...and...) independently extracted and collected data from full–
text articles. If there was disagreement, another author (...) joined to reach an agreement. The
following information of each included article was collected: first author, year of publication,
country, research design, sample size, duration of chemotherapy, planned number of courses, cycles,
and dosage of each drug in the chemotherapy period, overall duration of chemotherapy
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26. Heterogeneous Limitations
Researchers concluded that there were heterogeneous limitations incorporated in this study. First,
sampling was limited to specific jurisdictions served by one probation office. As a result, there was a
lack of generalizability among the data and findings. Given the community background of the
sample, it was indefinite whether the results were generalizable to other areas and probation offices.
Similarly, the limited sampling jurisdiction restricted the ability to collect comprehensive
neighborhood data. Secondly, although this evaluation procured a randomized treatment design, the
inability to implement the Decide Your Time system as a mechanism for randomizing cases without
requiring probationers' consent delayed the data collection. As a result, limited information
(theoretically significant variables) was collected on clients' educational background, socioeconomic
status, rapport with their Probation Officers, severity of drug use, and prior participation in drug
treatment, living arrangements, and personal relationships. This data would have permitted a more
robust analysis, and future researchers should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Models that match services and programs based on an offender's risk and needs were specifically
recognized and addressed the heterogeneity of the offender population in developing supervision
and service plans. This approach was built on the Risk Need Responsively (RNR) framework.
Probation Officers were trained in RNR techniques as well as in interaction skills to improve the
quality of relationships between offenders and officers, both of which improved offender outcomes.
The findings of this study suggest that a supervision model that commingled close monitoring with
therapeutic approaches (treatment and employment) was more effective than simply relying on swift
and certain sanctioning
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28. Dried Cranberries: Article Analysis
The article, Consumption of Sweetened, Dried Cranberries may reduce UTI incidence in Susceptible
Women, tested twenty women with a history of recurrent UTIs (at least 3 in the past year) when
given informed consent. The number of subjects that were chosen was based on achieving a
numerical power of 80% for each of the two tests. These two tests being, a UTI free status and
changes in the E.Coli strain diversity. For the sample size, the mean age was 37, and the mean
number of recurrent UTIs was 2.4 (4).There was a target sample size of 20 subjects, however, data
from 3 of the subjects was removed due to further complications. There was a two week washout of
antibiotics that was required before conducting the study however women taking prophylactic
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30. CREAMS : The Challenges Of ISA-Homogeneous Systems
The paper then takes a brief detour from talking about CReAMS to talk about attempts that have
previously been made to solve many of the same challenges that the authors hope to solve with
CReAMS. The paper first talks about ISA–homogeneous systems, namely ReMAPP, Thread
Warping, and big–LITTLE, and then the heterogeneous system KAHRISMA. For all four of these
systems, the benefits and drawbacks are provided, which is meant to provide context for how the
benefits of both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems were determined. The authors hoped to
use what they learned from these systems to create CReAMS. CReAMS is a homogeneous system
that achieves simulated heterogeneity dynamically using a binary translation mechanism. CReAMS
also uses a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The system would have a four set associative address cache with 64 entries, a private 32 KB four–
way set associative data cache, and a private 8 KB four–way set associative instruction cache. This
section drew heavily on what we learned in class about pipelining, logical units, and memory
caching. This made for a great way to apply knowledge learned in class.
The paper then presents the final aspect of the system, which is specifically of the authors' design.
This is what the authors call dynamic detection hardware, or DDH. This hardware is responsible for
detecting instructions, as well as allocation in the datapath described above. It is a four stage
pipelined circuit with the stages instruction decode, dependence verification, resource allocation,
and update tables. The paper uses a simple loop in code to demonstrate the four modes of the
hardware. The four stages are probing, detecting, reconfiguring, and accelerating. This a very
interesting way of approaching allocation in the datapath and is quite different from anything we
learned in class.
The paper finishes by presenting the experimental results of CReAMS against two different, more
typical SparcV8–based systems and basically has a victory lap after showing greater performance
across a wide variety of applications along with greater energy efficiency, especially in more
complex applications.
Introduction Main memory is an absolutely essential part of computing systems. This fact is
obvious, as there has to be
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32. Primary Outcome Measures : Structural Failure
Primary outcome measures
Structural failure (collapse) of the femoral head (FH). 6 studies (with 421 participants) provided
relevant data (Yamasaki et al. 2010, Gangji et al. 2011, Zhao et al. 2012, Lim et al. 2013, Liu et al.
2013, Ma et al. 2014). The pooled estimate of effect size for structural failure of the FH favored the
cell therapy group, as, in this treatment group, the odds of progression of the femoral head to the
collapse stage were shown to be decreased by 5 times compared to the control (CD) group (OR =
0.2, 95% CI: 0.08–0.6; p = 0.02). However, this result should be interpreted with caution due to the
presence of significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, Q–test = 16, df = 5, and p = 0.008)
(Figure 4).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plot of structural failure of the femoral head.
Conversion to THR. Relevant data were obtained from the same 6 studies (with 421 participants)
(Yamasaki et al. 2010, Gangji et al. 2011, Zhao et al. 2012, Lim et al. 2013, Liu et al. 2013, Ma et al.
2014). The respective summarized estimate of effect size almost reached borderline levels of
statistical significance and yielded halved odds for conversion to THR in the cell therapy group
compared to the control (CD) group (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.33–1.02; p = 0.06) in the absence of
significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 32%, Q–test = 7.40, df = 5, and p = 0.19) (Figure 5).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Forest plot for conversion to THR.
Secondary outcome measures
Functional outcomes. 4
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34. Essay On Asian American Heterogeneity
Asian Americans are now the fastest growing racial group in the United States that consists of over
20 national origin groups with distinctive ethnicity, language, religion, cultural practices,
immigration history, and socioeconomic status and mobility patterns. Yet, heterogeneity among
Asian Americans is seldom explored empirically. In this dissertation project, I examine how intra–
Asian American heterogeneity may affect ethnoracial group boundary formation and positioning in
the United States using intermarriage as a key indicator. Specifically, I ask: how do contemporary
Asian American interethnic and interracial marriage patterns explain their ethnic group boundary
formation and racial group positioning in the United States? Intermarriage ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First, I will identify and compare individuals' attitudinal ethnic boundaries found in the 2016 NAAS
dataset to boundaries observed from actual interethnic and interracial marriage patterns in the 5–
year ACS PUMS dataset. Additionally, multivariate analyses will identify and compare factors that
explain such boundary formation in both individual attitudes and intermarriage patterns. Second, I
will perform multinomial regression analyses using the pooled ACS dataset to identify how
socioeconomic factors, often used to measure the extent of minority incorporation into the
mainstream society, affect Asian American interethnic and interracial marriages differently. I seek to
explore how nativity and socioeconomic status may explain diverging marital assimilation patterns
in relation to Asian American ethnic and racial boundary formation. Lastly, I will examine the
effects of gender on Asian Americans' intermarriage patterns, using multinomial regression analyses
of the ACS dataset to identify how socioeconomic and immigrant generational factors may influence
men and women differently for each Asian ethnic group. Hierarchical cluster analyses will also be
employed to examine the implications of the clustering patterns of Asian American intermarriage on
the larger U.S. race
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36. The Diffusion Of Popular Culture
Many people strive to retain folk culture due to the widespread diffusion of popular culture that may
cause it to go extinct. Heterogeneity and tradition both impact a progressively uniform environment
in different ways. Folk culture needs to be retained due to it's diversity. A numerous amount of
methods can be assembled in order to avoid conformity to our world. An important point to bring up
is tradition. Tradition has a massive impact because it can bring a group together as if they were
family. An example of a traditional value would include clothing. People from isolated areas may
move to a more developed country that is diffusing technology rapidly, which will influence the
adoption of that society's clothing. This may seem like a normal
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38. Fundamentalism And Heterogeneity
Advocates that religious diversity is acquiring a new significance; Also giving to an authoritative
reality on modern settings; describes the demolition of accustom methods and circumstances of
religious aspects. As a result of several new forces at work in the South, the new plurality of diverse
faiths and the challenging of standard forms that have set the pace for all models that presents a new
image of religion on the Southern landscape; indeed the heterogeneity in the American South has
existed since the early seventeenth century; shows the southern colonies from Maryland to Georgia
were inundated with various forms of faith and the current trends are more so than the past.
Describes that fundamentalism was not widely accepted because
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40. Heterogeneity, Multiplicity: Asian American Differences
In reading "Heterogeneity, Hybridity, Multiplicity: Asian American Difference," Lowe uses poems
and stories to support her argument which is to identify three descriptors of Asian Americans which
are heterogeneity, hybridity, and multiplicity. She uses these three terms to conceptualize the "Asian
American Differences" and differentiate "the hegemonic relationship between 'minority' and
'dominant'". (p. 67) In addition, she defines "heterogeneity" as the diversification of Asian American
within the United States; "hybridity" as a mixture of cultural traditions due to "the histories of
uneven and unsynthetic power" (p.67); "multiplicity" means different axes of power affect one
subject within the social relations.
"In these discussions the
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42. Is Japan A Homogeneous Society?
Is Japan today a homogeneous society?
A homogenous society is a society that enjoys a shared culture, language or ethnicity and its people
abide by social norms or traditions. A homogeneous society lacks diversity and can be viewed as
being resistant to changes. In reality, it is almost impossible to find a country that is homogeneous.
In this post, we will consider if Japan today is inclining towards being a homogenous society or
otherwise by observing the attitudes and behaviour of the general Japanese population and the
government towards changes and differences. To discuss if Japan is a homogeneous society today,
we will consider the factors that could possibly cause the change in homogeneity in Japan today and
the impacts of such factors on homogeneity today. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Japan has various bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. This month, Japan and India have just
jointly agreed to strength their military and economic ties (Reuters,2014). The Japan's economy has
actually opened up after World War Two with the removal of trade barriers and the signing of
agreements promoting 'freer and fairer' trade (Duss,1998). Referred as a homogeneous society with
its racially unified group of people (Burgess,2014), the openness of the economy today may make it
hard for Japan to stay homogeneous. Increase in interactions, integrations within economies and
transfer of ideas may lead to creation of new business ethics and ideas which may 'force' Japan's
firms to come up with new approach such as working more with people from other countries
(Karan,2005). This may result in increased presence of immigrants in Japan. However, the economic
mobility in Japan today is still not very
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44. Clonal Heterogeneity
Cancer is a systemic disease and advanced cancers can be locally advanced or metastatic. Generally,
the metastatic potential is through to be due to tumor heterogeneities which origin from the
differences generated in the evolution process of cancer itself as well as host microenvironment. The
capability of invasion and metastasis is closely related to cell motility and requires the cytoskeleton
that is essential during mitoses[18]. Since malignancy criteria are mainly related to the phenotype of
actively proliferating cells, metastatic deposits genetically match well–differentiated areas of
primary and invasive areas[19]. These factors need attention when planning the evaluation of
intratumoral heterogeneity and detailed specification would be necessary to pinpoint the
intratumoral location, to assess selective process and to analyze pathways[18, 20]. These biological
foundations would improve the therapeutic design and patient's management base on heterogeneity.
The connection between initial stages ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it should be noted that this approach could only be reliable only where the genetic
compositions of primary and metastatic tumors are similar. In addition, elucidating the key
difference between early and late origin of metastasis–initiating cells is pivotal for determining the
therapeutic strategies that target tumor invasion. The question of clonal heterogeneity within
metastases remains unexplored, and, moreover, clonal heterogeneity within primary tumors has
limited direct therapeutic relevance. It should be noted that primary tumors can be successfully
removed by surgery in most cases, but this is most often not the case for metastatic outgrowths.
Therefore, elimination of metastatic clones has to rely on adjuvant therapies, and it is likely that the
success of these therapies will depend on the extent of the heterogeneity of these tumor cell
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46. Heterogeneity And Interoperability Of The Digital Library
Digital library
The Digital Library Federation (2002) define them as organizations that provide the resources
including the specialised staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute,
preserved the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collection of digital work so that
they are readily available for use by a defined community or set of community. Information is a
basic human need, and civilization advances when people are able to apply the right information at
the right time (Fox and Marchionini, 1998). Today, digital libraries act as an effective device in the
progress of human civilization, it also should enable any citizen to access all human knowledge
anytime and anywhere, in an efficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interoperability means the degree to which two products, programs and many more that can be used
together or the quality of being able to be used together. While heterogeneity consisting of parts or
things that are very different from each other. Most of library users depend on library services in
getting information needed. In this situation, when digital libraries want to provide information, it is
important to have a good relationship between heterogeneity and interoperability. To achieve a good
interoperability, the exchange information in heterogeneity should covers all types of syntactic
structural, semantic diversities among system to modeling information.
Besides that, it should be consistent between the use of the information as intended by its originator
and the intended exploitation of it by the recipient. This thing need to be considerate to fulfill the
need of library users that comes from many different background. Information providers which is
digital libraries should make a data or information about their collections available for harvesting.
This data will be use by service provider which known as harvester to create value added
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48. Diversity Management Focuses On The Heterogeneity Inside...
Diversity management focuses on the heterogeneity inside the organizations. Diversity management
was a response to the common situation when companies started to hire employees of various age,
nationality, race, religion etc. It is based on the principle that the differences between people do not
have to prevent them from working together. This is directly connected with the concept of ethical
behavior. Generally ethics is defined as a moral code which is accepted in a concrete society, though
there are cases when ethical does not mean everything that is legal. For example, slavery was legal
in the United States society, but from now it is not the best manifestation of the ethical behavior
(Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Woods, 2012). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Promoters of affirmative action maintain that these measures can assist to equalize the starting
conditions and even out the playing field between those that are affiliated with minority groups and
those not. This is contradicted by the fact that, if diversity management aspires to create a situation,
wherein every individual feels valued and has the opportunity to improve himself. Then, all actions
must be directed to creating equal opportunities for every individual, not only for members of
relative individual groups. According to Paul Burstein, there are three competing views on
affirmative actions those are:
 therapeutic actions which are measures which are necessary for the elimination of past
discrimination;
 delicate balance these consist of providing help to the minority without harming the majority;
 aid without preferences meaning that nobody receive favorable treatment according to their
identity with a specific group; In the United States there was a shift from the therapeutic actions to
the aid without preferences course of action, the coining of the diversity management concept is a
manifestation of this trend. Whilst the US reconsiders its approach to affirmative action, British
companies, especially among the public sector, continue to engage in
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50. Advantages Of Homogenization In Proteomics
Parth Garg (2011BB50032)
BEL722 Term Paper
Mechanical Methods of Homogenization in Proteomics
1. Introduction
Proper sample preparation is an integral part of all omics approaches, and can drastically impact the
results of a wide number of analyses. One of the key components of sample preparation is
homogenization. The term 'Homogenization' can be understood in various aspects and some of its
most common usages can be to describe mixing and dispersing. But, in essence, the aim of
homogenization is to obtain a homogenous mixture i.e. the sample obtained has same composition
throughout its total volume.
Now, homogenization for sample preparation in proteomics can be done by the following 5 ways: –
1. Mechanical methods
2. Sonication
3. Use of pressure
4. Use of Temperature
5. Osmotic and detergent lysis
Mechanical Methods
Mechanical methods are generally used for hard and filamentous cells such as ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparison of various mechanical methods
Method Pros Cons
Rotor–Stator Can homogenize wide array of samples. Very homogenous end product. Initial cost is
high. Different shafts for different size of samples. Shaft cleaning is difficult.
Blender Easily available. Can process large samples very quickly. Easy to sterilize. Creates vortexes,
which cause foaming resulting in denaturation.
Simple Mortar and Pestle type Easy to use and inexpensive. Can generate very fine particles Low
throughput. Contamination issues.
Glass Homogenizers Inexpensive, generate fine homogenate. Easy to clean and decontaminate.
Fibrous and membranes are left as it is. Low throughput and prone to breakage.
Dounce Homogenizer Inexpensive, easy to clean and decontaminate. Low throughput. Solid tissue
cannot be processed directly
Vortexer Bead Beating Easily available in lab. No additional cost of homogenization. Multiple

51. machine can vortex full rack of tubes Less powerful as compared to other homogenizers.
Homogenization around 50% of other methods.
4. Applications in recent proteomics
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53. State Risk Heterogeneity Theory
Much of the theoretical progress to explain recurring victimization has been focused on repeat
victimization. The leading theories include state dependence theory, risk heterogeneity theory,
lifestyle routine activities theory, and rational choice theory. Although these theories have different
origins and have been applied to a variety of types of recurring victimization, many of the
theoretical concepts have applicability across the different types of recurring victimization.
State Dependence; "Boost Theory" The basic premise of the state dependence theory or event
dependence theory of recur–ring victimization is that being victimized once increases a target's
chances of being victimized a subsequent time. In other words, one future state ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This theory also is related to the lifestyle–routine activities perspective, because it is rational for
offenders to want to choose targets that are proximate to their location, exposed, attractive or
suitable, and unguarded. The argument is that rational offenders will be likely to reoffend against
targets that previously brought them benefits. For example, say a savvy identity thief finds a way to
steal a victim's credit card number over the Internet, completely unbeknownst to the victim. From
the standpoint of rational choice theory, it is likely that the offender will not only use the credit card
information to make fraudulent purchases, but continue to use it until the card has been reported as
stolen and no longer is valid to make purchases. For this reason, repeated identity theft victimization
is rational on the part of the offender when compared to the alternative, which is to use the credit
card information only a single
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55. Evaluation Of The Highway Safety Manual
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) defines safety
performance functions (SPFs) as statistical models used to estimate the average accident frequency
for a specific site type with specific base conditions, based on traffic volume, roadway segment
length, and other site characteristics such as lane width, shoulder width, and radius and degree of
horizontal curvature. In essence, SPFs are mathematical equations developed through statistical
regression modeling of historical data, and are used to predict accident occurrence at sites
comparable to those where the historical data was obtained. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM)
published by AASHTO provides guidance on how to utilize SPFs to make better ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a solution to this issue, research has been done on using random effect and random parameter
(RPM) regression models, with random intercept terms, and varying parameter estimates for each
observation respectively, but these methods are not without their own assumptions and prediction
issues. Advanced safety performance functions in the form of random parameter models have tended
to treat parameter heterogeneity as a representation of unobserved effects not accounted for in fixed
parameter models (For example, Anastasopoulos 2009; Venkataraman et al 2011; 2013). Even after
accounting for overdispersion of data, interactions due to segment–to–segment variations, driver
behavior, environmental factors and roadway geometry can have a substantial effect on
heterogeneity. Random parameter models are structured on the assumption that unobserved effects
contributing to parameter heterogeneity are in the form of stochastic continuous representations
across segments that can be drawn from known distributions. An alternate view might be that a
significant portion of the unobserved effects and its variation across segments may be due to the
lack of proper functional form. Therefore, an investigation of functional form classes is proposed to
determine which roadway segments, or combinations have similar functional forms, and how many
classes
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57. Management of Diversity in Organization
Management of Diversity in Organization
Abstract
Organizations have been becoming increasingly diverse in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, and
nationality. This diversity brings substantial potential benefits such as better decision making,
greater creativity and innovation, and more successful marketing to different types of customers.
But, increasing cultural differences within a workforce also bring potential costs in higher turnovers,
interpersonal conflicts, and communicational breakdowns. The utilities of diversity training and the
essential managerial skills required for effectively managing diversity will also be discussed.
Diversity Management vs. Organizational Performance
Diversity of skills among individual members will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Research tends to support this relationship. Kanter's study of innovation in organizations revealed
that the most innovative companies deliberately establish heterogeneous teams to "create a
marketplace of ideas, recognizing that a multiplicity of points of view needs to be brought to bear on
a problem". Kanter also specifically noted that companies high on innovation had done a better job
than most on eradicating racism, sexism, and classism, in addition, tended to employ more women
and racioethnic minorities than less innovative companies.
Research by Charlene J. Nemeth found that minority views can stimulate consideration of non–
obvious alternatives in task groups. Nemeth found that the "minority" groups adopted multiple
strategies and identified more solutions than the "majority" groups. She concluded that the groups
exposed to minority views were more creative than the more homogeneous, majority groups. She
further concluded that persistent exposure to minority viewpoints stimulates creative thought
processes. Another experiment compared the creativity of teams that were homogeneous on a series
of attitude measures against teams with heterogeneous attitudes. Problem solution creativity was
judged on originality and practicality. Results indicated that as long as the team members had
similar ability levels, the heterogeneous teams were more creative than the homogeneous ones. If
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

59. Essay On Intratumoral Heterogeneity In Primary Glioblastoma
The purpose of the study Single–Cell RNA–Seq Highlights Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Primary
Glioblastoma was to determine the composition of a glioblastoma tumor to better understand how
the heterogeneity in the regulatory programs of the cell are important to prognosis and therapy. The
authors took 5 glioblastomas and used SMART–Seq to profile them. They isolated the individual
cells from the 5 glioblastomas and created single–cell full–length transcriptomes to then determine
the intratuormal heterogeneity. From this, the authors were able to find that the tumors were variable
in their expression when it came to the different transcriptional programs within the cell. When the
authors determined the characteristics of the tumors that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These aberrations were pretty consistent in each of the tumors tested and, as stated by the authors, is
an aberration that is common to glioblastomas.
The authors found that there was some variability in the expression and the splicing patterns of
signaling molecules. From this variability, the authors focus on the Receptor tyrosine kinases
(RTKs) because they are an important signaling molecules and is target for possible therapeutics.
This variability could be a source for why some therapeutics that target RTKs are unsuccessful.
The authors note something interesting in the study, they found that the cells that they were using in
the study did not present a lot of activity regarding cell cycle. The results the authors were seeing
were not what have been seen in other in vitro glioblastoma models, which had almost 100% of the
cells presenting for cell cycle. I am not entirely sure if this is the largest difference that the authors
found with the sample cells and the cultured cells, but it is an interesting one for sure. In regards to
drug design, this is something that is important to know because the cell cycle is one place that
could be targeted for treatment, if it is not present in the sample cells, it could influence the drugs
that are designed for those tumors.
The next thing that the authors did was to classify the tumors using The Cancer Genome Atlas. The
authors found that the tumors were
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61. Social Disorganization Theory Of Rural Youth Violence
After examining the results from their study, they concluded that single–parent homes, welfare use,
poor parental supervision, and hyperactivity had strong correlations for delinquency in African
American youths than that of just neighborhood context alone. Wanting to extend the theory of
social disorganization and crime beyond the scope of large urban cities, D. Wayne Osgood and Jeff
M. Chambers released their study, Social Disorganization Outside the Metropolis: An Analysis of
Rural Youth Violence, in order to "assess the generalizability to this setting of the social
disorganization theory of crime that has been developed and tested in urban communities" (Osgood
& Chambers, 2000). They hypothesize that rates of juvenile delinquency is positively related to
residential instability, ethnic heterogeneity, family disruption, economic status, population density,
and communities that are closer to urban areas (Osgood & Chambers, 2000). The sample contained
264 counties across Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Nebraska that had populations ranging
from 560 people to 98,000. The study was measured by the number of juveniles arrested (ages 11
through 17) between 1989 through 1993. They analyzed the arrests for homicide, robbery,
aggravated assault, forcible rape, simple assault, weapons offenses, and the Uniform Crime Report
(UCR) violence index. Residential instability was measured by the number of times a person has
moved from a home within the past five years. Ethnic
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63. Residential Instability And Mobility, Racial Ethnic...
Residential instability/mobility,
Racial–ethnic heterogeneity
Poverty:
Sampson and Groves (1989) argued that if we use residential instability for example, this should not
be regarded as a direct cause of crime, but as something which 'fosters institutional disruption, and
weakened social controls' (Sampson et al., 1997: 919) (Sutherland et al. 2013 p. 3). Likewise, it is
through that a lack of contact and the loss of trust in neighbours may contribute to criminal
behaviour (Sampson et al., 2005). 'Family disruption' (lone parents) was added to the list by
Sampson (1987) to an illustrative model of crime; this was thought to affect the ability of parents to
manage their own children as well as their capacity to provide guardianship of the local community
(Sutherland et al. 2013 p.3)
Sociological perspective on deviant behaviour/guns and gangs
The sociological discipline that deals with crime (behaviour that violates our laws) is known as
criminology.
The concept of deviance is complex because norms vary considerably across groups, times, and
places. In other words, what one group may consider acceptable, another may consider deviant such
as robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault, just to name a few. However, as stated earlier, this will
be dependent on the group time and culture. Very recently we have seen the rise of 'group behaviour'
the media has termed as gang rape amongst certain groups. However, these young people term it as
a link, where young women
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

65. Heterogeneity Of Asd Wikipedia
One of the issues in the search for an ASD biomarker is the heterogeneity of the condition. ASD
contains a broad spectrum with individuals diagnosed located anywhere from low to high
functioning. Additionally, the position that individual is placed on the spectrum is not static and an
individual may move within the spectrum throughout their life. Furthermore, ASD is often described
by the negative attributes of the condition such as social impairments and stereotypically behaviors
instead of some of the more positive attributes such as incessant interests, attention to detail, unusual
memory, and ability to identify patterns. The research into ASD has brought to light a debate
regarding whether it is a difference or a disability. Research ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A significant number of genetic risk factors for ASD are thought to be due to rare genetic variants.
For this reason, Szego and Zawati (2016) predicts that whole genome sequencing (WGS) will
become the standard of care. The use of WGS brings to light several ethical issues. First, the
majority of patients that come for initial diagnosis are minors. Therefore, it is usually a parent or
guardian that consents to the any testing which raises the issue of what results to report back to the
patient and family. The European Society of Human Genetics has recommended to filter out known
variants that have little or no clinical utility. While the American College of Medical Geneticists
states that there needs to be a respect for autonomy, report all incidental findings regardless of age,
and proposes patient's decision shall apply to the entire set genes deemed actionable. Although, the
Canadian College of Medical Geneticists recommends communication to parents about all results of
a clinically actionable conditions that will present during childhood; furthermore, adult–onset should
not be disclosed unless it could prevent harm to the health of the parents or other family members
and if the parents desire the disclosure (Szego & Zawati, 2016). Another ethical issue with the
establishment of WGS as a clinical test, is the fact that the sequence data could be a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

67. Demand Estimation Has Been At The Heart Of Many Studies
Literature Review Demand estimation has been at the heart of many studies that focus on questions
regarding market power, merger and acquisition, research and innovation and valuation of new
brands in differentiated–products industries. Under the framework of demand estimation, Bresnahan
(1987) constructs equilibrium models of oligopoly under product differentiation and studies the
competition and collusion in the 1995 price war in the American automobile industry. Gasmi,
Laffont and Vuong (1992) study the collusive behavior on price and advertising in the U.S. soft–
drink market， which is dominated by Coca–Cola and Pepsi–Cola, after obtaining a full information
maximum likelihood estimation of demand functions. Hausman, Leonard and Zona ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, there would be a large number of parameters to be estimated. For example, in a log–log
demand system, where logarithms of quantities are linear functions of logarithms of all prices,
without additional restrictions, we would have 10,000 parameters if there were 100 differentiated
products in the market. The second concern introduced when doing demand estimation for
differentiated product is the heterogeneity in consumer tastes. Dixit and Stiglizt (1997) suggest a
representative consumer approach to deal with this. They assume that consumer preferences are of
the right form so that an average consumer exists; there exists a demand system that lends itself to
the level of differentiation observed in the marketplace. However, the required assumptions are
strong and empirically false for many applications (Nevo, 2000). The above two problems are
addressed by logit demand model (McFadden, 1973). The logit model solves dimensionality
problem by projecting the products onto a space of characteristics; in this way, the dimension of the
attribute space instead of the square of the number of products becomes the relevant size. However,
due to the restrictive way of modeling heterogeneity and the property of independence from
irrelevant alternatives (IIA property) in the logit model, substitution pattern between products is
driven completely by
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69. Systematic-Style Review
The titles and abstracts of the identified studies were screened to identify all potentially useful
papers for which the full manuscripts had been available; however, given that this is a systematic–
style review the articles were screened by one author only. A more detailed description of the
selection process is provided in the results section. 2.3.2 Data extraction Data was collected by a
single author using a paper data collection form. Information collected included the title and authors
of the selected studies and year of publications. The study design, sample population size and
inclusion criteria for each of the studies were also collected. Finally, the outcomes assessed as well
as the definition of the outcome measures were also collected, along with the results produced in
each paper and its conclusion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The assessment accounted for patient selection, comparability of cases and controls on the basis of
study design, and assessment of exposure (outcome). Studies that scored 9 or more stars from a
maximum of 10 were considered to be of high methodological quality. Appendix B2 (Table 7)
shows the quality rating for the 10 case–control/cohort studies included, based on the Newcastle–
Ottawa quality assessment
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71. The Seating Arrangement Of The Room
The seating arrangement.
The way the members seat themselves appears to have a seniority of membership type of hierarchy.
The clients seat themselves next to someone or something that makes them more comfortable. It
appears this is according to the therapist chair as well. Some clients want to be close to the therapist
others want to be in a corner. There is an unwritten agreement, so that if someone has a claim to a
particular place in the room, others will move out of the seat and will not engage in a conflict over
the seat.
One thing I noticed is that clients that have some connection to each other will sit together. This can
be disruptive if they are not engaging in the group and engaging in activities with each other. When
this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The facilitator needs to maintain the groups composure for emotional and physical safety. As the
group proceeds with their daily check–ins the facilitator inspires them to share and give feedback.
The group facilitator ensures that the group members feel Safe, thus they can feel comfortable
expressing their emotions. As a group leader the facilitator must nature the group not create change
(Marden–Velasquez, Crouch, Stokes–Stevens, & DiClemente, 2016). This is important to maintain
group norms and for the clients to follow the rules of the group, whether they are unwritten, written
or jut spoken. This allows the group facilitator to use different techniques and strategies to motivate
the client for going through the processes which allow the client to be self–directed for change.
The group facilitator did show empathy and self–disclosed, which invites some closeness from the
group. Corey (2008) states many different group leadership skills that the facilitator used, such as;
active listening, restating, clarifying summarizing, questioning, confronting and reflecting, for some
of the leadership skills.
The group has a personality of its own based on the clients in the group. However, the group
changes when new clients enter the group, sometimes for the better or at times for worse. If a new
client is feeling withdrawal symptoms and does not want to be in treatment, the group
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

73. CCND1 Research Paper
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is known to be a prominent part of the cell cycle in humans by regulating the
cell cycle. In this research paper, the CCND1 was examined for other things. Researchers believed
that an access amount of the CCND1 was causing breast cancer, which is a wide spread problem
across the country. The research consisted of 147 patients and eight different tissue cores from 4–8
tumors were taken. It was found that a high degree of homogeneity is the beginning development for
breast cancer.
Critique
In this research paper, the experimental design was based around the relationship to CCND1 to
breast cancer. CCND1 is present during the G1 phase of the mitosis cell cycle. Which occurs right
before the S phase. If the CCND1 has a malfunction then the rest of the cell cycle will not finish off
correctly into normal functioning cells. The research paper also noted that tumor heterogeneity is a
critical issue and there is a hard time treating the tumors because it rejects most of the cell therapy
treatments. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my opinion I am glad that 147 participants were in this study so that the experimenters could get
enough information to have a better unbiased result. A couple of methods used to test these samples
were tissue microarray (TMA) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). TMA allows for
multiple samples to be tested at once and it is a great way to compare multiple samples. Also, the
samples would not containment the other samples. FISH is used to bind the genetic structures that
are similar to one another. If there are two of each heterogeneity and homogeneity, the heterogeneity
would combine with the heterogeneity and the homogeneity with the homogeneity because they
would be the most compatible with each
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75. Advantages And Disadvantages Of DDBMS
Contents:
1. Classification of DDBMS
2. Distributed Database Architecture
Introduction
Distributed database brings the advantages of distributed computing to the database management
domain. A distributed computing system consists of the number of processing elements that are
connected in the computer network which performing certain tasks.
Classification of DDBMS:
1. Distributed Fragmentation and Replication
2. Degree of homogeneity/Heterogeneity
3. Degree of autonomy
4. Degree of Distribution transparencies
5. DDBMS query processing and optimization
6. DDBMS concurrent control
7. DDBMS Transaction processing
Distributed Database Architecture
Database is distributed at the DBMS
In a distributed database system (DDS), multiple Database Management Systems run on multiple
servers (sites or nodes) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This copy of the data item is where all locks are applied. The concurrency controller should look to
this copy to determine if any locks are held.
Several variations of distinguished copy:
1. All distinguished copies reside on the same node: Primary Site
2. Distinguished copies may reside on different sites: Primary Copy
There are problems with this approach: o What if the primary site fails or if the node where the
primary copy resides fails? o One solution is to designate a backup site that will automatically take
over. o Another solution is to "elect" a new primary site/copy.
Another overall approach (aside from distinguished copy), is to use a Voting protocol: To lock a data
item:
0. Send a message to all nodes that maintain a replica of this item.
1. If a node can safely lock the item, then vote "Yes", otherwise, vote "No".
2. If a majority of participating nodes vote "Yes" then the lock is granted.

76. 3. Send the results of the vote back out to all participating sites.
With the voting approach, nodes can fail and recover while allowing transaction processing to
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78. Heterogeneity in phenotypic characters is a widely...
Heterogeneity in phenotypic characters is a widely observed phenomenon by breeder's in all plant
species were bud grafting technique is adopted as the popular propagation technique. Though these
variations are attributed to several internal and external factors, genetic heterogeneity of the root
stocks is considered as one of the major contributor. It is presumed that a series of responses called
stock scion interactions are triggered as a result of the grafting procedure where a genetically
diverse stock and scion are joined together to form a single plant. The impact of these interactions
on several aspects of plant growth and development is an area under extensive investigation for the
past many years (Rogers and Beakbane 1957; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this respect, earlier studies shows that, culture condition, callus phase, duration of the non
morphogeneic stage and the growth regulators are some of the important factors influencing the
induction of somaclonal variations in in vitro generated plants (Shepard et al. 1980; Hartman et al.
1984; Evans et al. 1987). As conventional micro propagation techniques using somatic explants
requires the artificial induction of embryogenic competence in cells which are not naturally
embryogenic, the influence of the above factors will be more in somatic embryogenesis process
thereby increasing the possibility of generating more somaclonal variants (Dodeman et al. 1997). An
alternative method is the zygotic embryogenesis technique where, the above effects will be
negligible because the explant zygote is intrinsically embryogenic. In short, the zygote shows some
structural and functional characteristics which are intimately linked with the formation of the first
embryonic developmental stage with many of the genes required for the induction process already
expressed. Due to this embryonic potentiality of the cells, their fate is already committed and does
not need to be redirected towards a new developmental path. Considering the above facts, it is
assumed that the chance induction of somaclonal
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80. The Heterogeneity Of India
"All the convergent influences of the world run through this society:
Hindu,Moslem,Christian,secular;Stanlist,liberal,Maoist, democratic socialist, Gandhian. There is not
a thought that is being thought in the West or East that is not active in some Indian mind."
E.P.Thompson "The singular thing about India is that you can only speak of it in the plural" says
Shashi Tharoor. Also, Amartya Sen in his Magnum Opus The Argumentative Indians talks about the
pluralist and tolerant culture of India. The heterogeneity of India is ,beyond dispute, a source of
immense pride for Indians. Although is there a single definition which encapsulates what is meant
by Indians; is can still, and quite rightly, be disputed. This makes us unique among nations. India is
a diverse not only in historical sense, but also in its geographical sense and both are indissolubly
linked to each other. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secularists like JN Nehru, Universalists like RN Tagore, Emperors like Akbar and Asoka,
Philosophy like Upnishads, Immortal leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, intellectuals like Swami
Vivekananda have been part of this rich tradition and they propounded the inclusive and tolerant
idea of India. Each of them epitomises the essence of India's belief system. We have oldest Jewish
community in the world outside of the middle–east and a Christian community going back to the
first decade after Christ. New religions came in India and assimilated in its extraordinarily flexible
and accommodative culture. Each community thrived and none faced any
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