Homestead Exemption Executive Summary

Homestead Exemption Executive Summary
Additional research shows that senior financial literacy education programs can be effective in producing positive outcomes. Realizing it will take
"years, if not decades," to change the behavior of seniors, Canadian researchers and government officials are collecting evidence to measure the
progress of their senior financial literacy and exploitation programs across the nation (CFAC, 2014). Devices to measure short, medium and long term
goals include financial capability surveys and administrative data on scam reporting (CFAC, 2014). The Canadian researchers concluded that
"educational workshops in which seniors and their adult children participate offer strong potential heighten awareness of both parties and ... build
knowledge of what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Education & Resource Center (ERC) at MDC has provided community education including Adult Basic Literacy, General Education Development
(GED), test preparation, and basic literacy skills to hundreds of individuals each year. The ERC is the only trauma informed educational program in the
county which uses the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) trauma–informed guidelines for a classroom. The
trauma informed care best practices enables provides a conducive environment for individuals impacted by trauma or victimization. The Senior
Community Outreach Program at the May Dugan center has successfully provided socialization activities and health related case management services
to senior citizens on the near west side of Cleveland. The program
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Reasons For A Non Profit Organization
What is the primary purpose of an organization? The primary purpose of any organization is to maximize revenue and minimize expenses. Profit is the
single most important aspect on the mind of shareholders and/or owners. However, that is not the primary purpose of all organizations. A not for profit
organization has a mission that seeks to benefit the greater good of the community, society or the world. Nonprofit Organizations can make a profit
however, the financial benefits are not for the owners/shareholders of the company. Profit in nonprofit organizations should only be used to achieve the
mission of that organization whether it is to feed the children, provide funds for Cancer research, or Stop Global Warming etc. Starting a non–profit is
nearly parallel to a profit organization. You need a proper financial system, payroll, bank account, staff, insurance, mission statement, planning and
re–evaluation. These are just a few basics of any organization. However, some differences due arise since Nonprofit do have differences to profit
organization. For example, Filing the necessary documents such as the 501C is a tax exempt under the Internal revenue code for charitable
organization. In this research paper, I am going to discuss the overview of taxation of exempt organization. The major difference between the private
foundation and exempt entity is that an exempt entity is not required to pay any taxes on the incomes earned by it whereas private organization are
required

Essay on Internet Taxation
Internet Taxation
The advent and expansion of the Internet have brought the issue of the application of state and local sales taxation to Internet, telephone, catalog, and
other "remote sales" to the forefront of the policy debate. Under current law, states cannot require corporations without a substantial presence within
their borders to collect and remit sales taxes. While all states do require residents to remit the taxes owed in the form of use tax payments, few people
send in use tax forms, rendering remote sales essentially tax–free. The revenue loss due to the lack of taxation on Internet sales has been minimal thus
far; however, states are concerned that the growth of the Internet will lead to a substantial drain on revenue. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Note that the high court's decision was in 1992, a full two years before the commercial Web existed. The states argue that it is legally easier for them
to go after the Web sites. And therein lies the implicit threat and the only stick the states hold: They are making a not–so–subtle threat to start suing
e–commerce sites unless they start collecting state sales tax. The SSUTA group set Oct. 1 as a target date for states to start enforcement. The legal
standing that the states would have to force e–commerce sites to comply is weak at best, but it's the classic lawsuit threat: "We may lose, but you'll be
forced to spend tons of money for lawyers and appearing in courtrooms and giving depositions. And, heck, there's always a chance that we'll win, so
you might as well do what we want now and not take any chances"
Argument Against Internet Sales Taxes
Remote Sales and Taxation Issue
In a series of opinions, the Supreme Court has ruled that states cannot compel firms without a substantial nexus" within the taxing state to collect and
remit use taxes. The most important cases are National Bellas Hess, Inc. v. Department of Revenue of Ill. and Quill Corp. North Dakota. "Substantial
nexus" has been interpreted to mean a physical presence, and precludes states from requiring vendors whose only connection to the state is by mail,
phone, or Internet to remit taxes. In their 1992 decision in Quill, the court ruled that requiring out–of–state vendors to collect the use

United States Tax Treatment For Foreign Sales Corporations
3.3 The market benchmark is not unambiguous in some cases In most of the circumstances, market benchmarks can be applied to determine whether
the recipient received the benefit clearly. However, in some cases, corresponding market benchmarks are not that explicit. Specifically, a kind of
financial contribution given by the government should be worth noting. The article 1.1 (a) (1) (ii) of the SCM agreement states that revenue forgone or
not collected is a sort of financial contribution. In the progress of determining subsidies, it is meaningless that only the financial contribution is
identified. It is more important that an appropriate benchmark is identified to measure whether the recipient has received benefits. Unfortunately, in the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The contention between the EU and the US was whether the tax exemption constituted subsidies. The EU held that the US government policy was a
subsidy, as the revenue which was otherwise due was forgiven. However, the US expressed a different standpoint. The US stated that thetax exemption
policy was only a part of the US tax system, rather than export subsidies. Afterwards, the Panel and the AB were called to decide whether or not the tax
exemption was a subsidy. The EU's opinion, eventually, was supported by both the Panel and the AB. The Panel and the AB provided different
benchmarks to test whether the tax exemption constituted a subsidy.
3.32 The 'in the absence of 'test provided by the Panel The Panel insisted on the existence of subsidies. However, the 'in the absence of 'test proposed
by the Panel was heavily criticized. To be specific, the Panel interpreted the market benchmark according to the Article 1.1 (a) 1) (ii). The term
'otherwise due' adopted by the Panel means 'the situation that would exist but for the measure in question.' Applying the 'but for' test to US–FSCs, the
market benchmark would be the situation that would prevail but for the tax exemption policy. Even though the Panel considered the 'but for' approach
was more efficient, the 'but for' test was still criticized heavily afterwards. The AB considered that the 'but for'

Should The Government Sanctioned Religious Establishments...
Here, again, we see exactly why the government sanctioned religious establishments of our day are hurriedly revising "certain articles" in their
constitutions and administrations. Churches that have stopped being churches to become tax–exempt, nonprofit religious corporations have invited,
nay, petitioned the wolves to oversee the sheep, thus giving the state consent to exert a legal force through their own policies. Now they must rewrite
those policies before having something detestable legally forced up their aisles by the supreme judgment of their chosen shepherds.
That would certainly be a grave injustice, would it not?
Not according to the Declaration of Independence, which recognizes that, "Governments are instituted among Men, ... Show more content on
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"This is the way of an adulterous woman: She eats and wipes her mouth, and says, 'I have done no wrong," (Proverbs 30.20).
Statist, incorporated churches have made their beds with their Big Brother. Now they must lie in them with him.
Jesus Christ, this is sickening.
As we've already seen, the IRS considers churches (as the IRS defines churches) to be tax exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue
Code. Whether they apply for it or not, "These organizations are exempt automatically if they meet the requirements of section 501(c)(3)," (IRS pub.
557).
Okay, whatever. State churches are eligible for state favors if they meet the state's requirements. But what about biblical churches or any other
establishment of religion? Well, if they don't meet state requirements, they aren't eligible for state favors. That's reasonable. But, unless they've elected
to become something other than establishments of religion, it makes little difference, since
(quote 1st amend)
The trouble arises from the implication baked into the regulations that, wherever state–granted exemptions do not apply, state jurisdiction does. But,
remember, it's just the opposite: exemption cannot be granted without jurisdiction. And the denial or revocation of 501(c)(3) tax–exempt status is
meaningless where there exists no taxable entity such as a corporation, for example.
Again, Section

A Case Of Traffic Safety Services
Anthony Pecoraro was the former vice president of Traffic Safety Services LLC, a traffic safety equipment business. This man was sentenced to
thirty–three months in state prison for failing to pay taxes on more than two million dollars that he withheld. On top of that he will serve three years of
supervised release and pay nearly 1.3 million in restitution. He also admitted to tax evasion in the past and would have owed the government approx.
734,000. I would guess that most people would not disagree with the penalties that Mr. Pecoraro faced, the fact is he withheld millions that could and
should have gone to roads, schools, police officers and countless other things. However, this is going on with hundreds of thousands of organizations
each day. The reason they don't receive the same penalties isn't because they didn't get caught or because they are smarter, it's because they call
themselves churches. Churches not paying taxes harms society and the economy, resulting in increased taxes on working class citizens and a
complicated legal system.
The tax exemption system for churches is out dated and has many negative effects on the economy. Ryan T. Cragun, a sociologist at the University of
Tampa, said in a Washington Post Article that not taxing churches is costing the United Sates seventy one billion dollars a year (Washington Post).
However, what the article goes on to say is more astounding still. That number is almost certainly a lowball, because they didn't take into

The Constitutionality Of Providing Tax Exemption Essay
The constitutionality of providing tax exemptions to religious organizations was upheld in the U.S. Supreme Court case Walz v. Tax Comm 'n of the
City of New York. Frederick Walz, a New York real estate owner, brought the suit against the New York City Tax Commission on the grounds that the
property tax exemption for churches forced taxpayers to indirectly contribute to those churches, thus violating the Establishment clause. The Supreme
Court upheld the property tax exemption for churches, ruling that it did not violate the Establishment clause. In the majority opinion, Chief Justice
Warren Burger emphasized that the First Amendment "will not tolerate either governmentally established religion or governmental interference with
religion" ("Walz v. Tax," n.d.). This interpretation of the First Amendment was echoed one year later with the creation of the Lemon test ("Lemon v.
Kurtzman," n.d.). He used this framework to judge whether the tax exemption violated the First Amendment. Burger maintained that "The legislative
purpose of the property tax exemption is neither the advancement nor the inhibition of religion... [and we] cannot read New York 's statute as
attempting to establish religion; it is simply sparing the exercise of religion from the burden of property taxation levied on private profit institutions"
("Walz v. Tax," n.d.). Burger further adds that exempting churches from taxes creates far less government entanglement with religion than taxing
churches does,

Class Readings Of Real World Situations
B.Long answers (65 points total): These questions focus on the application of class readings of real–world situations. Answers could vary. A successful
answer requires more in–depth analyses and elaborations with theoretical discussions and practical examples or data.
1.(25 points) Several states have declared sales tax holidays, in which the state does not collect sales tax on certain items for a short period of time. In
most instances, the holiday has been for clothing, and the period has been a week or ten days in August, the idea being to give a "back–to–school"
discount as families get ready for the new school year. However, states have gotten more adventurous with the idea in recent years and have enacted or
proposed holidays for hurricane survival supplies, gasoline, Energy Star appliances, and guns and ammunition. Analyze the idea of such holidays
according to (1) yield, (2) equity, (3) administration and compliance, and (4) economic impact.
The state of Florida, Texas, Ohio, and North Carolina office state sales tax holiday In August to give parents a break as a back to school incentive.
Georgia, Tennessee, and Mississippi have a state sales tax holiday in July. The remaining states such as Arizona, California, Colorado, District of
Columbia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont,

"Green" Incentives in Malaysia
Environmental sustainability is gaining much focus in the recent years as people are beginning to strive for a balance between economic growth and
sustainability. In fact, many developed countries such as UK, Japan have implemented strict environmental policies to enhance the quality on the
environment and to preserve the sustainability of its resources. It is viewed that Malaysia's effort has been marginal in achieving effective management
of resources, pollution control and prevention of environmental degradation.
Tax Incentives
ENERGY
Energy sector is one of the target sectors of Green Technology under the National Green Technology Policy. Various attractive incentives are given to
businesses to encourage the generation of renewable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The incentive can be claimed once in a lifetime on GBI building and the tax exemption is to be offset against 100% of the statutory income. Unutilized
qualifying expenditure can be carried forward to subsequent years until it is fully exempted.
b) Stamp Duty Exemption
Buyers of GBI–certified buildings and residential properties from property developers are entitled to claim for their stamp duty exemption in their
annual Income Tax Return Forms.
TRANSPORTATION
In Budget 2009, 100% import duty and 50% exercise duty are given to franchise holders on new Completely Built Unit (CBU) hybrid cars with engine
capacity below 2000cc. Extension and enhancement of tax incentives for hybrid cars in Budget 2011 has granted full import and exercise duties
exemption on hybrid and electric cars and motorcycles.
WASTERECYCLING
Solid waste is one of the environmental problems that are often overlooked by Malaysian. Due to the increasing population and development,
generation of solid waste continues to increase and it is expected to reach about 30,000 tons per day in the year 2020. To promote waste recycling and
management, Malaysia introduced tax incentives in the form of Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowances, Accelerated Capital

IRS: Tax Exempt Organizations
Tests To be recognized by the IRS as a tax–exempt organization under 501(c)(3), the organization must demonstrate that it is organized and operated
exclusively for "religious, charitable, scientific or educational purposes" (Hopkins, 170). An organization's tax exemption can be denied if "an
inappropriate portion of its activities is not promoting one or more of its exempt purposes" (Hopkins, 170). The organization must be a corporation,
including associations, trust, fund or foundation. It must also meet the non–distribution test, ensuring that profits are not being used to benefit
individual owners (Worth, 39). They are allowed to engage in political activities, but they are limited to do so, unlike social welfare organization's that
are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first test is the organizational test, which examines whether or not an organization's articles of organization qualify for a tax–exempt status given
by the IRS (Hopkins, 170). These articles of organization cannot be formed by a single individual, and must establish that the organization was
organized exclusively for one or more exempt purposes, without any reference to its operations (Smith, 247). An organization will not be evaluated
if "its desired activities and purposes stated in its articles are broader than the clearly specified charitable purposes" (The Organizational Test Under
IRC 501(c)(3).). An organization is also not to be considered "organized exclusively" if its articles show that it will "spend an excessive amount of
time attempting to influence legislation by propaganda, participate in any political campaign for public office, or have objectives of engaging in
activities that could depict the group as an "action" organization" (The Organizational Test Under IRC 501(c)(3).) This organization test is in place
because it has provided state enforcement officials ground for action, as well as provided the basis for action by the IRS to deny or revoke exemption
(Smith,

A Brief Note On Non Profit Tax Compliance Essay
Non–Profit Tax Compliance
Unlike for–profit businesses, the focus of a nonprofit is not on gaining profits for shareholders and owners, but to fulfil a charitable mission for the
benefit of the public. Because of this mission focus, the IRS has recognized these organizations as exempt from the federal income tax that is placed on
for–profit businesses and individuals. This recognition is not automatic and is not guaranteed. Nonprofit organization must still follow the rules and
regulations set forth by the IRS and the U.S. Government regarding tax compliance. If these rules are not followed, a nonprofit organization could lose
their tax exempt status.
A charitable focus does not mean that money is not involved. In fact, nonprofit organizations added an estimated $905.9 billion to the U.S. economy in
2013, while revenues and expenses totaled over $1.73 trillion (McKeever, 2015). Private giving to nonprofit agencies from foundations, businesses, and
individual equaled $358.38 billion dollars (McKeever, 2015). If a nonprofit organization loses its tax exempt status, then private donations are no
longer tax deductible which decreases the benefit to contributors (I.R.C. В§170(a)(1)). The loss of a tax exempt status can be detrimental to an
organization. Knowledge of the rules and requirements related to tax exempt status is essential for any tax exempt organization. This paper focuses on
the most common form of tax exempt organizations, and how those organizations can obtain and

Effective And Efficient Use Of Investment Tax Incentives
Executive Summary
It has been observed from past experiences that there is ample room for effective and efficient use of investment tax incentives in Australia. It was
found that tax incentives are does not make much impact on changing the investment climate and many times tax incentives turned out to be redundant
– that is, investment would have been undertaken even without the incentives. The fiscal cost of tax incentives can be high, reducing opportunities for
other required spending like on infrastructure, education and health care or any other sector.
Effective and efficient use of tax incentives for small businesses requires careful tax designed. Many times government use income tax exemptions to
attract investment or persuade for joint ventures to attract investments. Good infrastructure, long term effective policies, economic stability etc. are
important for bringing investment. There is a need of have correct taxation policy to really have a great impact on domestic small business.
Good governance of tax incentives is critical for small business growth. Transparency is necessity of time to facilitate accountability, providing
opportunities for opening business or for extracting information for rent seekers and to curtail corruption. There are many stakeholders involved in the
tax incentive proposal approval but the best in the ministry of finance that enforced and monitored by the tax administration. To grant tax incentives it
should be based on rules rather than

America 's Fiscal 2017 Budget
While oil represents about 7 percent of Louisiana 's revenue, its budget structure is more complex than other oil–producing states –– and probably most
similar to Kansas in its budget woes, according to Leachman. Edwards 's fiscal 2017 budget proposal includes dramatic cuts to virtually every part of
state government: higher education, healthcare, the attorney general 's office, and youth services. Some budget experts trace the start of Louisiana 's
revenue problems to the repeal of income tax increases under what has been termed the Stelly Plan, a restructuring of state revenue that also called for
lowering the sales tax. The repeal came as Louisiana was awash in one–time revenue, including federal funding to the state to aid recovery ... Show
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As a group, the eight states held balances equaling 33.3 percent of general fund spending. While Alaska pulls up the average, with balances of 122.5
percent, four additional states also hold balances in excess of 30 percent of general fund spending (North Dakota, Texas, West Virginia, and Wyoming).
Two states –– Louisiana and Oklahoma –– hold relatively low balances, but both exceed the 5 percent threshold.9
Louisiana lawmakers thought they were about $30 million short of closing a $940 million deficit in the budget cycle ending June 30, especially
following the Senate 's approval in March of House–passed legislation to apply the state 's sales and use tax to tangible personal property and other
previously exempt items such as manufacturing equipment. But updated fiscal information appeared to indicate the state deficit to be in the range of
$70 million. Edwards 's veto of some $4.4 million worth of cuts made the hole even deeper for the current fiscal year –– and widened it to a projected
$750 million next year.
While there can be political joy from cutting state taxes, the bulk of the House 's cuts relied on shuttering the state Department of Education for the
next three months –– an insufficient, politically unpopular action that forced lawmakers to vote for an estimated $300 million in tax increases just to
bridge the revenue gap from April 1 to June 30. But these increases were far short of enough –– prompting Edwards to use $128

Types Of Tax Exempt Organizations
Tax– Exempt organizations receive substantial preferential tax treatment from the IRS. Although this may seem like a blessing, it is more like a
golden cage. This preferential treatment comes with a catch. The IRS doesn't want to miss out on any money you may have to pay them so they set
forth what seems like an endless list of regulations and compliance issues in order to maintain the golden "Tax–Exempt" status. As of 2016 the code
contains designations to 29 different types of tax–exempt organizations (Internal Revenue Codes Sections 501(c) 1– 501(c)29). Each type of
organization has a different purpose and function, as well as different structures, and even then the IRS sets up specific compliance rules for different
types of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike a corporation, where a board member is an employee, for tax exempt organizations Board members may be classified as volunteers, employees,
and independent contractors. If that is not bad enough there are further rules regarding the type and amount of payments that can be given to
classification.
Board Members as Volunteers
Most board members for NPOs are volunteers, invited to join the board, based on their expertise and dedication to the organization's tax–exempt
purpose.
All of the following must be trust of an individual to be considered a volunteer:
–The entity that benefits is a nonprofit or government agency
–The activity is less than full time
–The services are not offered as a result of coercion
–The services are typically associated with volunteer work
–No regular employees have been displaced by the volunteer
–The volunteer does not expect to be compensated
Compensation for Volunteer Board Members
It is reasonable that you may want to give your volunteer "a little something" for their time and efforts. However these are treacherous waters and
nonprofits would be wise to adhere to a policy on volunteer compensation that does not jeopardize the organization's tax–exempt status and may also
come with unexpected taxes or penalties.
A volunteer is someone who inherently donates their time and services for nothing more than the joy of serving others. By compensating a volunteer
board member two issues

Community Benefit Analysis on Federal Tax-Exemption for...
Federal tax–exemption for charitable organizations has been in existence since the beginning of federal income tax law. This exemption is based on
the principle that the federal government's loss of tax revenue is equivalent to the relief of financial burdens charitable organizations provide that
would otherwise have to be supported by public funds. Nonprofit hospitals are able to qualify for federal tax–exemption under section 501(c)(3) of the
Internal Revenue Code because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has recognized the promotion of health for the benefit of the community, where
medical assistance is afforded to the poor or where medical research is promoted, as a charitable purpose. (U.S. Government Accountability Office,
2008) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1969, the IRS established broader standards for nonprofit hospital tax–exemption status based on the extent to which these hospitals provide
community benefit to the communities they serve. (Somerville, 2012) From 1969 to the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
Act (ACA) in 2010, there were some attempts to change this policy, however these attempts largely failed. Prior to the implementation of the ACA,
community benefit activities included providing free and discounted care to uninsured and low–income patients, reimbursement shortfalls associated
with participation in Medicaid programs, activities to promote population health improvement, programs to increase access to care, medical research,
training for health professionals, and other contributions that benefit the hospital's community. Under the ACA, additional requirements were
established for hospitals to be qualified as tax–exempt including conducting a community health needs assessment at least every 3 years and develop
an implementation strategy to address the needs identified by the assessment, adopting and publicizing a written financial assistance policy, and
limiting charges, billing, and debt collection practices directed to individuals who qualify for financial assistance. (The Hilltop Institute, 2013b) While
the IRS

Should Tax Be Paid?
Use tax, is a sales tax that is not collected by the retailer. A use tax form should be filed by anyone making a purchase from an online company. Most
people don't realize taxpayers are legally obligated to report the amount of sales tax they did not pay. This should be reported on either their annual
state income tax forms or by filing a separate use tax form. There are billions of dollars in unpaid taxes, due to the rapid growth of Internet purchases.
The state government believes it's futile to expect people to be honest and pay the tax. States cannot legally require out–of–state retailers to act as their
tax collectors. But state government tries to pressure them anyway, if they are successful, the unpaid taxes could bring in over $11... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They want the tax system simplified and consistent. Amazon is in favor of the Streamlined Sales Tax Agreement (SSTA). This would create a list to
determine what kinds of goods and services are taxable, and establish uniform rates across the states. Without some uniformity, it becomes complicated
and nearly impossible for companies to constantly keep track of what 's taxable where, and at what rate.
In order for the states to force online retailers to collect taxes the federal government will need to pass legislation that enforces this action. Lawmakers
have introduced these types of tax bills but none have advanced through the system successfully. Interestingly, Amazon hasn 't been supportive in
streamlining a tax initiative; they have actually spent more resources in fighting states ' tax plans.
There are some current strategies states are pursuing. These policies could enforce equity with all retailers and make them subject to the same tax
requirements. The 1992 ruling declared retailers must collect sales taxes only in states where they have a physical presence or other tangible "nexus,"
unchanged. Some believe this policy should be updated. Today, software and related tax services have for the most part, eliminated the difficulty in
calculating and paying sales taxes for the country's many state and local

Tax Reform For Small Businesses
Executive Summary
Tax reform is the crucial component in Government's policy agenda so as to frame more employment, production, and opportunities. It is mostly
initiated for the improvement of levy policy in order to implement social as well as the economic benefits. This policy paper explores and suggest tax
reforms for small businesses in Australia and also analyzes the various consequences of its impacts in terms of unemployment, poverty, inequality, and
on the overall economy. Since much of the emphasis is on taxation and incentives at the same time, this paper also discusses options for providing
loans to startups and small scale industries.
This policy paper suggests that how Australian Government can transform its legislative system and design its tax for small companies and businesses
in such a way to overcome the threats brought forward by the 21st century in order to sustain and promote its social as well as the economic progress.
This paper further puts light on the fact that how taxes in regards to small businesses should be lower and whatever taxes are imposed must be paid–up
on time. The tax policy should be designed in such a way that it fosters entrepreneurship rather than compensating intrusive tax outlining. Wherever
feasible some recommendation has been put forward to streamline the tax plans on small businesses in order to fit taxation system from the frame of
Business workouts in this modern era.
Introduction/Background
It was experienced that

Tax Research Paper
74353
777 Cross St.
Moscow, ID 83843
May 4, 2012
Mr. Andy Squeeze
3471 Paradise Ridge Rd.
Viola, Idaho 83872
Dear Mr. Squeeze,
Currently, you own all of the stock in Valley Hardware Store Inc., a corporation that operates in Viola, Idaho. Mr. Broker, of Big Investment Company
has given you 2 recommendations: the first recommendation is that you should move your investments in Certificates of Deposits(CD's) to state and
municipal bonds; the second recommendation given is that you should take out another mortgage as additional capital to also be converted into
Municipal bonds. The purpose of which is to receive a double tax benefit offered by taking advantage of both the interest deductions on the new
mortgage allowed under ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
В§163(a) and I.R.C. В§103(a).
As for the issue of whether or not you should take out another mortgage in order to supplement the conversion of Certificate of Deposits into Municipal
Bonds, again, I.R.C. В§265(a)(2) comes into effect and disallows any interest deductions sought, thus, removing the profitable advantage offered
though the interest rates. In similar situations, such as Wisconsin Cheeseman, Inc. v. United States, 388 F. 2d 420 (1968), the Court ruled against the
taxpayer on the claim that the taxpayer was only allowed deductions on the interest of the indebtedness incurred prior to the purchase of the tax exempt
investments, meaning that only the interest deductions on the new debt incurred was disallowed. In Wynn v. United States, 411 F. 2d 614 (1969), the
taxpayer was also disallowed to claim any deduction for the interest payments on the loans he incurred from the bank, the purpose of which was to
expand the amount of tax–exempt securities the taxpayer currently possessed. In Drybrough v. Commissioner, 376 F. 2d 350 (1967), that taxpayer also
tries to deduct the interest payments on his leveraged mortgages in order to expand their tax–exempt investment fund, and again, the Court referred to
I.R.C. В§265(a)(2), which forbids such deductions on the basis that the sum of the interest paid was used to purchase tax exempt securities, thus ruling

against the taxpayer. Although the Court's ruled

Gentrification Is Not Beneficial to Established Residents
Gentrification is not Beneficial to Established Residents
Growing up in East Austin, one would be accustomed to seeing rundown neighborhoods inhabited mostly by African American and Hispanic
working–class families. In the past few years though, the view has drastically changed. Now brightly colored two–story homes housing affluent
Caucasian families occupy the once dilapidated areas. The previously desolated lots are now the future sites of lofts and condominiums. The recent
changes in East Austin are a clear sign of gentrification. Gentrification is the extremely evident process of displacement. Revitalizing a derelict
neighborhood favors the entire community, not just the ones with money. However, revitalization and gentrification... Show more content on
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There should be an increment or flex pay plan for the residents who are suddenly constrained with higher property taxes. This way they can gradually
increase their payments, instead of their payments ballooning at one time. There should be low–interest loans or funding for established small and
minority–owned businesses wanting to upgrade their business. The community should be made aware of any funds that will allow them to improve
their homes and keep in line with the revitalization.
Gentrification is only benefiting the new residents who receive cheaper housing yet are still close to downtown. As well as proprietors who are
generating the revenue from the new lofts and homes. Leaving the established community to fend for itself, or uproot. Rebuilding a dilapidated area
should be a joint effort between the existing and incoming residents. The community should not feel as if they do not matter and have no say.
Nonetheless, that is how the inhabitants feel, as if they do not have a voice. Gentrification is pushing out the low–income residents, and ushering in the
high–income ones. Even though the claims have been made that gentrifying a neighborhood brings in more revenue and benefits the community as a
whole, there have been insufficient results. The only renovating that has been done to beautify East Austin was completed by neighborhood
organizations with community support, not by the city. Further proving that gentrification is

Andrew Carnegie : A Hero Or A Hero
Andrew Carnegie was a philanthropist who changed history in America. The famous Andrew Carnegie was born in November, 1835, to a poor and
struggling family in Dunfermline, Scotland. In 1848, his family decided to immigrate to the United States for the necessity of a better life and
immediately started working at a local textile mill setting where he earned $1.20 a week. He was soon recognized by his talent of decoding dot–dot
dash–dash messages by ear and was hired by Pennsylvania Railroad where he later on became a supervisor and earned $1,500 a year. Years later after
hard work and labor, Carnegie met Henry Bessemer, the developer of converting iron intosteel, and soon adopted the Bessemer process. When coming
back from his trip from England to America, he built several steel mills in America. Through dedication and effort,Andrew Carnegie became one of the
wealthiest businessmen in the United States. His steel industry was increasing in popularity and was known as the "king of steel". Was Andrew
Carnegie a hero? A hero is an inspiration to the public who has good values and concern for others. Andrew Carnegie was a hero for his generosity,
however his treatment to the workers and his success in business earns him the unheroic title.
Andrew Carnegie is a hero for generosity. Carnegie's values is demonstrated in his "Wealth" article where he makes the comments of the obligations of
a rich man. In the text he states, "The man who dies rich dies disgraced", which indicates

Mergers : Mergers And Acquisitions
1.Mergers & Acquisitions:
Identify some differences between a merger and an acquisition? What are the different types of mergers/acquisitions (for instance, Starbucks
purchasing a coffee bean farm would be a what?)? Make sure to provide an example of each type. Identify and explain some defenses to acquisition.
What are the financial statement rules with respect to acquisitions?
Overview of Mergers and Acquisitions A merger is when two separate companies, Company A and Company B, are joined together and become a
completely new organization, Company C. On the other hand, an acquisition is when Company A, a larger firm, buys out or takeovers Company B, a
smaller firm. As a result, the companies ' financial statements are then consolidated. In a merger, the two companies consolidate into a new entity that
demands for new ownership and organizational/managerial structure. The company will have twice the amount of employees working the same job,
and the company can eliminate some positions. For instance, there is no point on having two CEOs, CFOs, and doubled the amount of management
positions. However, an acquisition deals with the companies being separate and coming together to complete consolidated financial statements. This
allows for overlap in positions, but decisions are typically made by the larger company. Moreover, a merger typically exhibits a friendlier connotation
whereas an acquisition denotes hostility through force. Thus, the two terms have come

Compensation Approval Policies : A Voting Member Of The...
Section 5. Compensation Approval Policies
A voting member of the governing board who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the corporation for services is precluded from voting
on matters pertaining to that member 's compensation.
A voting member of any committee whose jurisdiction includes compensation matters and who receives compensation, directly or indirectly, from the
corporation for services is precluded from voting on matters pertaining to that member 's compensation.
No voting member of the governing board or any committee whose jurisdiction includes compensation matters and who receives compensation, directly
or indirectly, from the corporation, either individually or collectively, is prohibited from providing information to any committee regarding
compensation.
When approving compensation for directors, officers and employees, contractors, and any other compensation contract or arrangement, in addition to
complying with the conflict of interest requirements and policies contained in the preceding and following sections of this article as well as the
preceding paragraphs of this section of this article, the board or a duly constituted compensation committee of the board shall also comply with the
following additional requirements and procedures:
a. the terms of compensation shall be approved by the board or compensation committee prior to the first payment of compensation;
b. all members of the board or compensation committee who approve

The Government Should Tax Churches
Hypothetically, someone goes to church on Sunday and is asked by their pastor to donate 10% of their annual income to help feed the hungry and
agrees to do so. They later find out that only 3% of the church's income actually goes to helping the poor and the rest is being used to expand the
church and its resources. They then realize that a portion of the income donated is not going to the cause they want to support. So where are their
offerings and donations actually going? Even though non–profit churches play a crucial social service for an abundance of people, the government
should tax churches because it is not in the best interest for all of the public when we all have to make up lost revenue for these establishments, it
would decrease group leaders from taking advantage of tax–breaks, and taxing churches could provide increased revenue to help with other important
issues. In 1789,the First Amendment established "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion..." This means that the Federal
and State Governments cannot be partial in showing support of any denomination or religious organization. An example being that the nations early
attachment to the Church of England. Three years after this amendment was written, it was ratified by the states of the union. Religious organizations
across the U.S. receive tax exemptions in regulation to exercise the 1st amendment in order of 'separation of church and state. There is an argument in
the way this

The Internal Revenue Service ( Irs ) Essay
Intermediate Sanctions The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) maintains strict governance of charitable organizations with whom receive their tax exempt
status under IRC Sec. 501(c)(3). Organizations classified under IRC Sec. 501(c)(3) are monitored by the IRS for transactions with disqualified
individuals in which benefits provided by the organization exceed the consideration received by said organization (IRS, 2015). Additionally,
transactions determined to be in will result in sanctions levied against the individuals who received financial benefit from those transactions.
Determination of Intermediate Sanctions Disqualified individuals who conduct transactions with organizations who receive tax exempt status under
IRC Sec. 501(c)(3) are those who maintain extensive influence over the organizations' businesses matters. Such transactions would result in
compensation in excess of industry standards, sales of assets to said organizations at grossly reduced prices, and unreasonable lease agreements (Reck,
Lowensohn, & Wilson, 2013). Upon determinacy of transactions in violation, the IRS levies intermediate sanctions upon the disqualified individuals
and organizations. Intermediate sanctions are levied under two tiers. The first tier of sanctions levied upon the disqualified individual consists of
repayment of surplus remunerations and taxation of 25 percent of said remunerations. Additionally, the organization receives a penalty of 10 percent of
the surplus

Tax Exempt Organizations For Pay Pilots
In the last decade, tax exempt institutions have been expanding in New England cities, particularly in education, healthcare, and social services, while
the manufacturing and financial services sectors are shrinking ("PILOT Program," 2014). In Worcester, a city with a large nonprofit sector, tax
–exempt
properties would have generated $20 million in property taxes in fiscal year 2012 ("How Worcester Loses Out on $20 Million in Property Taxes
Annually", 2012). In order to deal with these fiscal deficits Worcester must implement a voluntary Payment In Lieu of Taxes program. A PILOT
agreement is one in which an organization that is otherwise exempt from property taxation under local and state law, agrees to voluntarily make
payments in lieu of taxes to a municipality ("PILOT Program," 2014). Such payments are voluntary because municipalities are prohibited by law from
taxing nonprofits. ("PILOT Program," 2014). In most cases the motivation for tax–exempt organizations to pay PILOTs is scarce. However, when
structured PILOT's are implemented, nonprofit organizations recognize the value of services they receive from the local municipalities and are willing
to pay their fair share of those costs.
What are PILOTS?
The United States has a long–standing tradition of granting colleges and universities, hospitals and other organizations tax–exempt status. This status is
granted because state governments recognize that nonprofit institutions provide a public good by enhancing

What Is The Role Of The Working Class In Out Of This Furnace
In the late nineteenth and twentieth century many immigrants were migrating to the United States for an economic advantage and some by contract
labors from various agents, much different from their predecessors. Thomas Bell's novel "Out of this Furnace" is a generational novel of the characters
Kracha, Mike, Mary, and Dobie, coming to America expecting to receive the American Dream and have a better life to soon return back home with
riches. However, immigrants and many working class individuals undergo long hours and strenuous work, with minimal amount of pay. Not to
mention, the living conditions were horrendous for the average person and particularly worse for arriving immigrants. There was a division between
the classes which ultimately... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The conflict was the rich were trying to hold onto their wealth no matter who they hurt because "when the human flesh and blood could stand no
more it got up at five in the morning as usual and out on tis work clothes and went into the mill" (Bell 48),while the poor were trying to survive and
have hopes in achieving the American Dream. The ideal of the social gospel became exposed when Jacob A. Riis who experienced poverty firsthand,
excelled in journalism. Riis, told the story of the poor through photographs, expressing the horrid living conditions and ways of life. These
publications, allowed the public to see the other side of the two different classes which ultimately changed the urban setting. The immigrants who
migrated to the United States to live a better life and the working class people encountered historical events which impacted our working industry
today. The American Dream is accessible to everyone who is willing to achieve it. The social divisions amongst the wealthy and the poor lead to the
numerous conflicts that affected the working class people such as the development of the Unions, protests which lead to violence against the working
class, and the impact of social

Andrew Carnegie : A Hero As A Hero
Hero, the definition of Hero, has been by pondered by many individuals. Hero is not word of mouth but a word of action characterized by
spontaneous acts of benevolence to society, as well as leaving a mass footprint of succession that can be used as aide for the future. A famous
entrepreneur, named Andrew Carnegie is a true definition of a hero, existing in an era of massive industrialization, where skyscrapers held their
heights, and steam engines ignited. In fact Andrew Carnegie had indeed impacted the industrialized world with his new adoption of the Bessemer
process creating his billion dollar steel empire. Andrew Carnegie can be defined as a hero because of struggles in his early life, philanthropy and his
impact on the world . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Andrew Carnegie was not always a rich billionaire. In fact his early years were quite simple. According to document A, Carnegie lived in an attic of
a modest home that was shared by another family, (Document A). Andrew Carnegie struggled, his families knew the struggles of not having enough
income,and by the age of twelve Carnegie was required to employ in a job. According to an essay about Andrew Carnegie, Andrew Carnegie was
"working six 12–hour days for $1.20 a week. A year later Andrew found a more challenging job delivering telegrams", (Was Andrew a Hero ?).
Andrew Carnegie had worked 12 hours just to earn his money ,as well as help his family which shows the character traits of perseverance and the
sympathy that Carnegie acquired. The great steel master was really determined to make an effort on the world, and so Carnegie did. According to
the same document about Carnegie's early life, the document has stated that "He would adopt the Bessemer system and build a steel mill in America.
So much for retirement!", (Was Andrew a Hero ?). His risks and effort had helped him accomplish so much, He persevered and made himself
successful,because he was willing to take the chance. This indeed proves how much of hero carnegie is, because heroes are willing to take costly risks.
Andrew Carnegie was also a reasonable businessman, he gave many of the men that were living in poverty, employment. His wages were pretty

The Tax Assessor's Office
Tax Assessor's are elected by the people and are responsible for locating taxable property, assessing the value, identifying the owner, and publishing
annual and supplemental assessment rolls. Its good to know the assessment of your property to determine if you're being properly taxed and to see if
your home is gaining or losing value. The tax assessor's office will assess all properties except STAR, Senior Citizens, Veterans, Persons with
disabilities, and agricultural properties.
The office responsible for protecting the integrity of public records and public funds is The Clerk of Superior Court. The Clerk receives, manages,
and processes all court documents, collects and disburses all court fees, fines, and costs, and provides the public with access to court records. As
keeper of public records, the Clerk records deeds, mortgages, and notaries' public. Citizens' case files, court records, property deeds, and mortgages are
handled and protected by the Clerk; an impartial officer elected. This office is critical for keeping pubic records such as deeds so people can see
current and correct deeds on properties. The clerk is also is keeper of land plats, these are important because they contain the boundaries,
environmental easements(right of way for water, sewer, gas lines) and conservation buffers. If someone loses their plat, they can obtain a new copy at
the clerk's office.
Tax commissioners are responsible for collecting property taxes, preparation of the county

A Brief Note On Non Profit Tax Compliance
Non–Profit Tax Compliance
Unlike for–profit businesses, the focus of a nonprofit is not on gaining profits for shareholders and owners, but to fulfil a charitable mission for the
benefit of the public. Because of this mission focus, the IRS has recognized these organizations as exempt from the federal income tax that is placed on
for–profit businesses and individuals. This recognition is not automatic and is not guaranteed. Nonprofit organization must still follow the rules and
regulations set forth by the IRS and the U.S. Government regarding tax compliance. If these rules are not followed, a nonprofit organization could lose
their tax exempt status.
A charitable focus does not mean that money is not involved. In fact, nonprofit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
501(c)(3) Organizations
Charitable organizations are formed for many different purposes, but in order to be eligible for tax exempt status, a nonprofit organization must meet
the description of one of the forms described in The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 В§501(c). According to I.R.C. В§501(c) there are 29 different
sections through which a nonprofit organization can be eligible for income tax exemption. The most commonly used exemption is described in I.R.C.
В§501(c)(3) which accounts for 1.11 million of the total 1.72 million organizations that are exempt from tax (Fishman, 2015). Because these
organizations are governed by В§501(c)(3) of the tax code, they are referred to as 501(c)(3) organizations (Fishman, 2015).
501(c)(3) qualifications
Over half of all tax–exempt nonprofit organizations are considered 501(c)(3) organizations (McKeever, 2015). I.R.C. В§501(c)(3) provides a thorough
description this tax exempt organizational form:
Corporations, and any community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, testing for public
safety, literary, or educational purposes, or to foster national or international amateur sports competition ...or for the prevention of cruelty to children or
animals... (I.R.C. В§501(c)(3)).
This form is widely used and encapsulates what many people think of when they think of a nonprofit, including charities, foundations, hospitals, and
qualifying

Case Study : Health Law And Policy
Essay Module 9
Intro to Health Law and Policy
Fall 2014
Nancy Vincent
TO: Hospital Board of Directors
FROM: Office of the General Counsel
RE: CEO Compensation
Per the CEO's anticipated renewal of his contract, the CEO has provided this Office with data the CEO personally obtained concerning salaries of the
CEOs of other hospitals in the area. The CEO has requested that he participate on the committee to determine his compensation package, and
specifically to participate in determining his own fair market value. Both the data and the CEO's request to be on the relevant committee are
problematic. This Office recommends that the CEO's requests be denied, and that alternative measures be taken.
Background
The context for the issues presented is the effect of the CEO's request upon the tax–exempt status of the Hospital. As a 501(c)(3) charitable
organization, the Hospital must abide by basic requirements for the federal tax exemption by staying true to its charitable purpose. One of those
requirements is that in order to be considered charitable, the Hospital cannot be seen to substantially benefit a private interest. There are two related
prohibitions at work here: private inurement and private benefit. Private inurement is the more relevant prohibition, as it focuses on private benefits to
those who are "insiders" (those who have a say in a hospital's actions and decisions). The CEO would qualify as such an individual. A private benefit,
by contrast, applies

Tax Exemptions in America
Decades ago, state and federal legislatures began offering tax exemptions, including exemptions from property tax, for nonprofit institutions that
provide charitable services to communities. Nonprofit hospitals that qualify for federal tax exemption under Internal Revenue Code В§501(c)(3) are
not guaranteed state charitable tax exemptions. A hospital must provide some amount of charity in order to be granted a statetax exemption, however
historical statues have failed to quantify what amount of charity is sufficient to meet the charitable purpose exemption . In recent times, nonprofit
hospitals repeatedly have to defend the amount of charity and benefit they provide to the community to maintain their state property tax–exempt status.
There has been a recent, notable case where a hospital lost its property tax exemption. In the case of Provena Covenant Medical Center V. Illinois
Department of Revenue, the Illinois Supreme Court held that PCMC does not provide enough charity care to qualify for tax exemptions provided for
nonprofit organizations that provide charity care . Nonprofit hospitals are among the largest landowners in many communities, in the US, billions of
dollars in property is owned by nonprofit hospitals . Most hospitals would owe millions in taxes if exempt properties were taxed. This report will
examine the Illinois Supreme court decision in Provena Covenant Medical Center v. Illinois Department of Revenue, Case No. 107328, and analyze the
courts

Non Profit 501 ( C ) Essay
NON–PROFITS 501(c)(3)
All charities are non–profits, but not all non–profits are charities is the standard answer
when explaining a 501(c)(3), however both include a company mindset that aims to help a
particular product or service to the public. Familiarizing one self to the Internal revenue Service
is essential for anyone considering a 501(c)(3) as a business option. The tax–exempt status can
seem like a favorable option to spare on expenses and for some industries it is the right answer,
and for others it is definitely not. Without the tax exempt status a company would not be able to
receive donations which is the lifeblood of an charity or non–profit. This paper will discuss the
ins and outs of the tax–exempt status and how an organization can find answers.
501C3 Tax Exempt Status
Whether a company is testing for public safety, such as tire safety tests, literary,
educational, religious, charitable or scientific there is the ability to gain 501(c)(3) status.
When affording opportunities on a national or international level, or such as Domestic
Violence's impact on pets studies with children in the home being accomplished via Colorado

State University to help prevent future cruelty to children or animals. To qualify, the
organization must be a corporation, community chest, fund, articles of association, or foundation.
A trust is a fund or foundation and will qualify. However, an individual or a partnership will not
qualify

Natural Disasters, A Study Of Events
Natural Disasters, A Study of Events1
Natural Disasters, A Study of Events
Micheal Boor
GO125DL Natural Disasters
Park University
Ms. Jill Lockard
02 May 2017
Natural Disasters, A Study of Events2
Abstract
The intent of this paper is to describe three natural disasters; for this paper we will describe a hurricane, an earthquake and a mudslide. We will
briefly discuss how, or if, our ancestors were able to predict and therefore mitigate loss of life or damage to infrastructure for these types of disasters
100 years ago. Then we will look at how our modern society is able to accomplish this in current times. Finally, we will cover how we could better
predict future events and plan accordingly. We will explore the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a storm first begins to form over the ocean, meteorologists are now able to provide early warning on weather systems that could develop into
tropical depressions with the potential to become a tropical storm or stronger. These meteorologists are better able to predict storm track and severity
in order to allow county or state officials to make informed decisions. Following along the same idea, as it pertains to meteorologists and their ability to
monitor weather activity, comes their increased ability to track non–tropical
Natural Disasters, A Study of Events4 system related weather events in order to provide advanced warning for in the event of flooding or mudslide
events caused by flooding. Tsunami warning has also improved in large part to previous incidents where there has been a significant amount of
destruction and loss of life. In August 1992 a tropical wave formed off the coast of Africa, traveling west across the Atlantic before forming into a
tropical storm that quickly grew into a strong category 5 hurricane, named Hurricane Andrew. Hurricane Andrew made landfall in Miami–Dade County
in the city of Homestead, Florida causing catastrophic damage in the area from the strength of the wind from the storm. The accurate wind speed from
this storm is unknown due to the majority of measurement tools being destroyed in the storm, but sustained wind speeds of 140 were recorded by
some of the systems that remained (University of

Tax Code Regulations And The Federal Government Through...
Introduction The 501(c)3 tax code specifically for organizations that are reserved for educational institutions, churches or other nonprofit organizations
including what is often deemed as charitable (Lavarda, 2009). There are two main reasons that an organization will seek to attain a tax–exempt status
with the federal government through the Internal Revenue Services (IRS). First, is to provide for their beneficiaries a tax–deductible contribution, which
allows taxpayers benefits when paying their federal income taxes and secondly, simply is for organizations the ability to not pay federal income taxes
(Lavarda, 2009; Arnsberger, Ludlum, Riley, & Statnton, 2008). Organizations who seek out the tax–exempt status do benefit from the protection that
the tax code provides, however due to tax code regulations and reform, organizations that do not heed to the code may be in jeopardy of violating the
code. This violation will result in the IRS revoking the tax–exempt status. For emerging organizations that are on the cusp of defining their affiliations
in society must determine if applying for tax–exemption status is a profitable move. Due to the scrutiny of these organizations and such organizations
must take into account the liability that comes with the tax exemption status. The liability is not one that an organization can take lightly, if an
organization does gain tax–exemption status and then later fails to abide by the regulations, the risk is simple; the revocation of the

Contract Option For Eo Executive Compensation : What Is It...
ISSUE:
Issue #1: Initial contract exception for EO executive compensation – what is it generally, and what are the parameters?
Issue #2: How does 990 Schedule J define "key employee?"
Issue #3: What are the 33 principles of good governance listed by the independent section?
Issue #4: Summarize General Information Letter 2002–21.
CONCLUSION:
Issue #1: The initial contract exception provides an exception from the excise tax imposes upon excess benefit transactions between disqualified persons
and a tax–exempt organizations.
Issue #2: A "key employee" is general someone who has certain responsibilities and receives over $150,000 in compensation from the organization and
any related organization. (See below for complete explanation)
Issue ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"disqualified person" – any person in a position to exercise substantial influence over the affairs of the organization in the past five years, any family
member of a disqualified person, and any entity controlled (35% or more voting power) by a disqualified person.
The "Initial Contract Exception" provides that the excise tax does not apply to fixed payment made by an organization to a disqualified person pursuant
to an initial contract.
"initial contract" – a binding written contract between the organization and a person who was not a disqualified person immediately before entering the
contract. o This does not apply if the contract can be terminated or cancelled by the organization without the disqualified person's consent and there is
no substantial penalty to the organization for the cancellation. o If a material change is made to the initial contract it will be treated as a new contract.
"fixed payment" – an amount of cash or other property specified in the contract, or determined by a fixed formula specified in the contract, that is
paid or transferred in exchange for the provision of specified services or property.
This exception does not apply in a year unless the disqualified person substantially performs his or her obligations under the contract.
Issue #2 – "key employee" definition
To be considered a key employee, under Form 990, all the following four test/conditions must be met:
(1)Employee is

Wish Research Papers
Make A Wish
In The United States every 37 minutes a wish is granted. Ten of thousand supporters, donors and volunteers of Make A Wish grants the wish of every
child who has been diagnosed with lethal medical conditions. The story of Make A Wish is truly wonderful, in this research paper i'll tell you how it
started, how they earned money, and how can we help kids with life treating conditions.
It started with Chris Greicius aged 7 who had leukemia. Agent Tommy Austin, Ron Cox, Officer Jim Eaves, and Frank Shankwitz tried to make Chris'
wish come true by making him into an officer. Then Lt. Col. Dick Schaefer gave him a "smokey the bear" hat. On the next event Chris becomes
Arizona's first and only honorary DPS officer. They tried making him ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Affiliation with Interviewee: Nothing really just wanted to ask question for my research paper.
How Did You Become Part Of This Charity ?
He became part of it because he would always see make a with stories on Tv and the Internet. He started as an Intern and a volunteer. Then he got
hired by the company and now he makes and types the stories that we see on Tv and the Internet.
When You Started Working On This Foundation By Any Chance Did It Impact or Change Your Life ?
He said that it did before he started working there he was at a job he want happy with and when he got there everything changed for him, he became a
better person and he developed a better understanding of life because he sees kids and what heir going through.
How Much Donations Do You Guys Earn each Year ?
He wasn't sure the exact amount but they get quite a bit of money from various donors and companies that support them every year.
How Does It Feel Helping Many People Around You ?
He says that it feels amazing because before he joined the the company he was doing things for himself but helping people or families warmths his
heart and it makes him feel that he done something good to the community and to the people he

Taxation In America Essay
Hypothetically, someone goes to church on Sunday and is asked by his/her pastor to donate 10% of that person's annual income to help feed the
hungry and agrees to do so. Then later finds out that 3% percent of the church's income goes to actually helping the poor and the rest is being used to
expand the church and its resources. He or she then realizes a portion of the income that was donated is not going to the cause she wants to support. So
where is her offerings actually going towards? Religious organizations across the U.S. are receiving tax exemptions due to the 1st amendment stating
the separation of church and state, and the way this impacts our economy is a violation of what actually are 1st amendment states due to the research
showing where this money is actually being distributed. For example, to quote an article on procon.org, one of the cons says that it is unconstitutional
when giving such organizations tax breaks that it is supporting religion by our government. To quote, " Associate Justice of the US Supreme court,
William O. Douglas, in his dissenting opinion in Walz v. Tax Commission of the City of New York, decided May 4, 1970, stated: "If believers are
entitled to public financial support, so are nonbelievers. A believer and nonbeliever under the present law are treated differently because of the... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the U.S. constitution cannot guarantee this as a right, and if the government was to enter a difficult period with economic issues which these
huge subsidies worth billions of dollars are not being received could and is already hurting the needs that the people of America need. Furthermore,
the fact is that if our government was to tax the churches, it could benefit and make an impact that could help recover economic issues in a wide
variety of current day

The Explosive Growth Of E Commerce
The table below is the U.S. Census Bureaus reports a sharp increase in the retail E–commerce sales as a percent of total quarterly retail sales since the
first quarter of 2006 to the last quarter of 2015. E–commerce sales in 2015 accounted for 7.3 percent of total sales, which is 0.9 percent higher than
what it accounted in 2014. The explosive growth of E–commerce transactions greatly affects the revenue of sales taxes and has made whether to levy
taxes on Internet sales a hot debate. From the consumers', online retailers', and technology companies' position, imposing sales tax on Internet sales will
somehow limit the growth of both E–commerce and the Internet usage. From the side of brick–and–mortar retailers and the government body, tax ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The total revenue loss from e–commerce equals the total sales due to the Internet sales minus the amount of use taxes collected. However, a latest or
cumulated loss from Internet sale occurs only when the tax on the transaction would have been collected without e–commerce. The final sales tax
revenue loss should be the combination of these two factors. B2B transaction usually plays a significant role to the state and local government loss.
For instance, in 2003, it was responsible for 70% of the expected incremental revenue loss, while B2C sales were responsible for the rest 30%
(William).
Other Factors that would lead to sales tax revenue loss
Although E–commerce is the biggest factor that leads to a sale tax revenue loss, it is not the only reason. The shift of consumption patterns is the
second foremost factors. With the shift to a greater consumption to the services and less consumption to the goods, the sales tax revenue will also be
negatively affected, since the service are less taxed comparing with goods. As a result, the taxable goods purchase in Georgia fell by 8.2% in 2014,
which is estimated to cost the state $389 million lost of sale tax revenue (Richards).
The legislated exemptions will also narrow the tax base that will cause a decrease in the revenue. The switch from having sales tax on automobile
purchase to the Title Ad Valorem Tax, the exemption of energy used for manufacturing and two sales tax holidays lead to 31% down Georgia's

Receiving Help with Childcare Costs from Employers and...
Receiving Help with Childcare Costs from Employers and Receiving a Tax Break
Employees who receive help with childcare costs from their employers are to receive a tax break. Tax is how the government raises money to spend
on public services, such as education, health and the social security system. It can be levied on goods, services and range of transactions, such as
inheritance and profit made on the sale of homes or antiquities.
Workers will be able to receive up to ВЈ50 per week in subsidised childcare services, childcare allowances or vouchers tax–free. Subsidies are grants
given by the government to encourage production. This will be able to favour workers and will make labour more ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
And as we already know that the quantity of inputs to the production process means that an economy has increase its production potential.
Previously parents had only received tax free help if their employer managed the childcare facility.
The news came as the chancellor announced his twice yearly pre–Budget report. This stated that the government has capped financial support at ВЈ50 a
week – well below the typical cost of ВЈ128 a week for a nursery place According to a recent survey, parents in the UK pay on average ВЈ6,650 a year
for each child.
Tax relief on ВЈ50 a week childcare spending could benefit millions of employees using registered childcare. However, tax exemptions will only
apply to spending on registered childcare. This stated shows us how the government protects its people and not letting other people who come in the
country to take advantage of the economy. Many workers who rely on friends and relatives to look after their children while they are at work will not
benefit.
About one in ten employers provide some kind of childcare help to employees.
It is hoped that the tax break will encourage more firms to help out their workers and as a result has received a warm welcome from childcare charities.
Stephen Burke, director of the Daycare Trust, said: "Paying for

Homestead Exemption Executive Summary

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