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ยีนและโครโมโซม
1.
13
35 5.
2.
3.
DNA ?
4.
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA
DNA
5.
DNA
JAMES D.WATSON FRANCIS H.C. CRICK DNA
6.
DNA
7.
-
Adenine A - Guanine G - Thymine T A - Cytosine CT , C G P
8.
9.
DNA
DNA polynucleotide 2 TAGC Deoxyribose
10.
20
mRNA 4 ATC U 4 3 1 1
11.
AUG
mRNA UAA , UAG UGA
12.
13.
DNA replication
DNA replication
14.
DNA
(DNA REPLICATION) S DNA(DNA REPLICATION) SEMI- CONSERVATIVE DNA RNA 3 DNA DNA
15.
DNA replication
16.
DNA DNA
template DNA Gyrase DNA 2. Enzyme Helicase H- bond ATP SSB polynucleotide
17.
DNA DNA Primase
RNA Primer Leading strand DNA polymerase DNA nucleotide RNA primer A T C G
18.
DNA 5. RNA Primer DNA
Polymerase nucleotide Lagging Strand DNA Ligase ATP
19.
Polynucleotide -
Leading Strand ’ ’ - Lagging Strand RNA Primer ’ ’ Okazaki fragment” Polynucleotide ’ ’
20.
Transcription
DNA
21.
RNA polymerase DNA
RNA DNA 2
22.
DNA
23.
RNA polymerase RNA
polymerase DNA mRNA
24.
Translation (
) Translation mRNA polypeptide 1. 2. 3.
25.
1.
mRNA tRNA AUG
26.
1.tRNA
mRNA tRNA
27.
UAA,UAG,UGA
tRNA tRNA mRNA
28.
29.
•
Gregor Mendel)
30.
• •
Chromosome)
31.
•
2 (haploid cell)
32.
•
33.
2
2
34.
35.
-
cytoplasm - cytoplasm - -
36.
- -
37.
-
egg - cytoplasm cytoplasm
38.
39.
Down’s syndrome
40.
• • • •
41.
Edward’s syndrome - - -
42.
Patau’s syndrome • • • •
43.
Cri-du-chat syndrome
Cat-cry syndrome
44.
• • •
45.
X Y
Klinefelter’s syndrome X XXY
46.
• •
47.
Turner’s syndrome
X XO
48.
- - -
49.
3.Triple X syndrome
Super Female X XXX • •
50.
4.Double Y syndrome
Superman Y XYY • • •
51.
•
52.
• • • • •
53.
54.
Albino •
55.
•
X = =
56.
:1
57.
•
2 - 2 -
58.
•
Clor blindness) Red – Green blindness) X
59.
•
= = • •
60.
Sex Determination)
2 1. 2.
61.
1.
3 1. XY 2. XO 3. ZW
62.
1.
XY Y Y Testis) Y X - XY - XX
63.
2.
XO Orthoptera) Hemiptera) X XX - XO - XX
64.
3.
ZW ZW ZZ 2 Z W Z
65.
2.
Hymennoptera) - n) - 2n) 16 32
66.
1. -
XY XY XX , - XO XO XX , X , - ZW ZZ(XX) ZW(XY) , , , ,
67.
(mutation)
2 - (gene mutation) - (chromosomal mutation)
68.
•
Gene mutation) (A, T, C, G) DNA
69.
(
70.
(chromosomal
mutation) 2 - -
71.
• 1.1 -
aneuploidy) 46 47 45 momosomic) disomic) trisomic) polysomic) 21 1 47 trisomic-21)
72.
-
euploidy) haploid=n) monoploid = n) diploid = 2n) triploid = 3n) polyploid = n)
73.
1.2
(deletion) 5 • duplication) • inversion) • translocation)
74.
(mutagen) 1.
(radiation) 2 -Ionizing Radiation , , -Non-Ionizing Radiation 2. - (colchicine) - *** (carcinogen) (aflatoxins)
75.
2 1.
(Somatic cell) 2. (Sex cell)
76.
•
Genetic Engineering insulin insulin
77.
•
DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA • DNA DNA DNA vector DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA Plasmid
78.
•
Restriction enzyme DNA rDNA • . .2513 Hamilton Smith DNA DNA Restriction enzyme • DNA 5’ 3’ • DNA Blunt end Stricky end
79.
80.
81.
DNA Ligase Enzyme •
DNA 2 DNA
82.
83.
• 1.
DNA • 2. DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA • 3. DNA DNA DNA DNA
84.
85.
86.
•
DNA DNA DNA GMO-genetically modified organism
87.
BT BT
88.
-
- - - - - - -
89.
Cloning “
” 2539
90.
91.
92.
DNA
DNA cloning) DNA gene cloning)
93.
• • • • •
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