1. Physical Science
Module 5
The Hydrosphere

2. Hydrosphere
 What is the Hydrosphere?
 The sum of all the water on the
planet
 Life cannot exist on any other planet but can
on earth because of what?
 Water

3. Water
 Water is only liquid in what range?
 Above 32 degrees Fahrenheit and below 212
Fahrenheit
 What two factors control the temperature of
our planet?
 The sun and the atmosphere

4. Facts to Memorize
 The vast majority of the earth’s water supply
is contained in the oceans as saltwater
 The vast majority of earth’s freshwater supply
is stored in icebergs and glaciers
 The largest source of liquid freshwater is
groundwater

5. The Hydrologic Cycle
 What is the Hydrologic Cycle?
 The process by which water is continuously
exchanged between earth’s various water
sources

7. Hydrologic Cycle
 Water gets into the atmosphere
predominately by Evaporation and
Transpiration
 Transpiration = Evaporation of water from
plants – water evaporating off its leaves
 Evaporation takes water out of the oceans,
lakes, rivers, and streams, while transpiration
takes water from the soil

8. Evaporation
 Evaporation: the
change of state in a
substance from a liquid
to a gas.
 For evaporation to take
place, energy is
required.
 The energy can come
from any source: the
sun, the atmosphere,
the earth, or objects on
the earth such as
humans.

9. Transpiration
 Transpiration is the evaporation of water from
plants through stomata.
 Stomata are small openings found on the
underside of leaves that are connected to
vascular plant tissues.
 In most plants, transpiration is a passive
process largely controlled by the humidity of
the atmosphere and the moisture content of
the soil.
 Transpiration depletes soil moisture

10. Transpiration

11. Soil Moisture
 Soil moisture can also be depleted when it
soaks down into the groundwater sources
and feeds into lakes, rivers, and streams by
the process known as what?
 Groundwater Flow

12.  Clouds form by what process?
 Condensation
 The process by which a gas turns into a liquid

13. Condensation

14. Other Condensation

15. Precipitation
 What is precipitation?
 Water falling from the atmosphere as rain,
snow, sleet, or hail
 What is surface runoff?
 When precipitation falls on land and
replenishes soil moisture OR it can run along
the surface of the land into an ocean, lake,
river, or stream

17. Let’s Review
 Precipitation can happen in what ways?
 What are the two ways water can return to
the sky?
 How are clouds formed?
 What is soil moisture?
 What is surface runoff?

19. Experiment 5.1
 Get out your Lab Report and a pencil
 Need two volunteers