Understanding culture-society-and-politics-6-

UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE, SOCIETY
AND POLITICS
U C S P 1 1
P R E PA R E D BY : E L W I N A . N A R C I S O

SOCIALIZATION
& THE SOCIETY
C H A P T E R 1 1
E.A.NARCISO, Social Science

LESSON 6:
SOCILIZATION
STRUCTURE AND
SOCIETYE.A.NARCISO, Social Science

OBJECTIVES
Explain what sociologists mean by social structure;
Discuss how statuses and roles are related to social
structure;
Identify and illustrate the concepts of social structure;
and
Explain how culture and social structures are related.

SOCIAL
STRUCTURE AND
IT’S ELEMENTS

SOCIAL STRUCTURE
 Social structure is a framework consisting of social
institutions (political, educational & religion), social
practices (roles & statuses) and social groups(primary
and secondary).
 It establishes a society and applies limits on behavior.
 It refers as the way in which a society is organized.
 It is a collection of people and relations in a specific
geographical area.

ELEMENTS OF
SOCIAL
STRUCTURE

1. STATUS
A status is a socially defined
position in society characterized by
certain expectations, rights and
duties.
For example, a new born female
instantly becomes a child and a
daughter. From then on, she
assumes an increasingly larger
number and variety of status.

1. STATUS
Refers to a position one holds in a society or group.
Status implies the position or the rank one holds in a
social group.
Status is position that one holds in a given system.
Another examples:
Father,
Mother,
Teacher,
And employer

CHARACTERISTICS OF STATUS
1. The status is determined by the cultural situation of
the particular society,
2. The status is determined only in relevance of the other
members of the society,
3. Every individual has to play certain role in accordance
with the status,
4. Status is only a part of the society as a whole,
5. As a result of status the society is divided into various
groups, •

CHARACTERISTICS OF STATUS
6. Every status carries with it some prestige.
7. According to status, people may be divided into
various categories. These categories or statuses are
not imposed from above. Some of these statuses are
earned or achieved while others are ascribed.

TYPES OF
SOCIAL STATUS

ASCRIBED STATUS
Ascribed Status- given to
individual generally at birth
and from which they
cannot escape; these
statuses are fixed. They
are based on person’s
inherited traits or assigned
automatically when a
person attain a certain age.

ASCRIBED STATUS
The status which is given
to an individual on the
basis of the situation in the
society or by other
members of the society is
called ascribed status.
Such a status may be
given by birth or by
placement in a social
group.

ASCRIBED STATUS
Ascribed status is based on age, sex, kinship race,
family etc.
For example, a person may enjoy a particular status
because of the sex or age of birth in a rich family. An
infant gets a family status which includes family name
and prestige, share in social standing and the right of
heritage.

ACHIEVED STATUS
The status or the position that a person has earned
out of his own personal efforts is called achieved
status.
This status is given by the ability, capacity and the
efforts of the individuals.
Some persons achieve a particular status because if
the facilities available to them but some have to
achieve that status as against the odds and difficulties.

ACHIEVED STATUS
The achieved status is
based on the personal
ability, education, earned
wealth etc.
A person who is able to
display his ability in the
field of social service,
sports, education etc. is
given higher and better
status.

ACHIEVED STATUSPositions that are achieved by
individuals for themselves; these
status can change.
For example, Catriona Gray
achieved the status/title of Miss
Universe because of her
exemplary beauty, knowledge,
wit and of course the advocacy
she has for the world. Similarly,
someone achieves the status of
actor because of his or her
acting abilities.

Ascribed Status
1. Ascribed status is the gift from the society of the individual
members and to make know the effort to get it.
2. For an achieved status certain conditions are namely
ability, efficiency, economic status etc. are necessary.
3. Generally ascribed status is based on age, race, caste,
kinship, etc. Ascribed status is more stable and more rigid.
Its basis does not change easily.
4. Ascribed status occupies a place of respect in a traditional
society E.A.NARCISO, Social Science
DISTINCTION BETWEEN ASCRIBED &
ACHIEVED STATUS:

ACHIEVED STATUS:
Ascribed Status
5. In regard to the ascribed status the role of the authority and
actions that flow from them are unpredictable.
6. In ascribed status there is a co-relationship between the
status and role.
7. The ascribed status has a, vital relationship with the internal
aspects of the personality. It provides satisfaction to
sentiments, emotions and feelings etc.
8. Ascribed status can be helpful to a person for achieving
certain thing or acquiring the achieved status.

ACHIEVED STATUS:
Ascribed Status
9. Ascribed status has greater relationships with the
customs, traditions and other existing factors of the
society. In other words ascribed status is more
traditional.
10.Ascribed status is helpful in removing the difficulties and
disabilities of the achieved status.

ACHIEVED STATUS:
Achieved Status
1. There is no precondition for getting the ascribed status
for example; the elder in the family is bound to be
respected. There is no qualification required.
2. The achieved status is based on characteristics like
capacities and abilities etc.
3. Achieved status has an unstable basis and so it is itself
changeable.

ACHIEVED STATUS:
Achieved Status
4. In open and modern societies it is achieved status
which is given importance because in this respect, it is
the personal qualities and achievements that matter.
5. In regard to achieved status the role or the action is
more or less predictable because it is based reason.
6. In relevance to the achieved status it cannot be said
that there shall be co- relationship between the
achieved status and the role.

ACHIEVED STATUS:
Achieved Status
7. Achieved status is the gift of one’s personal
accomplishments and personal characteristics.
8. Achieved status is helpful in acquiring the ascribed
status.
9. Achieved status is the result of the personal
accomplishments and is acquired as result of
competition. It has no relationship with the customs and
traditions.

2. ROLES
Roles are the components of social
structure that bring status to life.
Roles are sets of behavioral
expectations associated with a given
status learned in the socialization.
Roles can be thought of as status
“in action”.
Note: Any status carries with it a
variety of roles.
For example: I have the status of
“student”, my role is to learn.

ROLE BEHAVIORS
Rights
are behaviors that individuals expect from others.
Obligations
are behaviors that individuals are expected to
perform toward others.
Note: The rights of one status correspond to the
obligations of another.

ROLE BEHAVIORS
Examples:
Doctors are obliged to diagnose the patients’ illnesses.
Correspondingly, patients have the right to expect their
doctors to diagnose to the best of their ability.
Teachers have an obligation to be prepared to teach the
daily lesson. Students have the right to expect that
teachers will be adequately prepared to explain the
material. Correspondingly, teachers have aright to expect
that students will make the attempt to learn. Students
have the obligation to make the effort.

PROBLEMS OF
SOCIAL
STRUCTURES

The existence of statuses and roles permit social life to
be predictable and orderly. At the same time each status
involves many roles, and each individual holds many
statuses. Sociologists call the different roles attached to a
single status a role set.
Each of us, because we hold more than one status, must
deal with many roles in our daily lives. The often
contradictory expectations within and between our role
sets can lead to role conflict, role strain and role exit.
NOTICE!!!

1. ROLE CONFLICT
A role conflict is when a person is expected to fulfill the
duties of two contradictory positions.
Role conflict exists when the performance of a role in
one status clashes with the performance of a role in
another. This occurs when fulfilling the role expectations
of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role
expectations of another status.

1. ROLE CONFLICT
For example, to be a good employee an
individual needs to go to work. However,
to be a parent, that individual needs to
stay home and take care of a sick child.
In case if a person is both dad and coach.
As a father, he wants to see his son
participating in the baseball game no
matter how good or bad his skills are. As a
coach, he has to do what's best for the
team. This means he must put in
players that are talented and will help the
team win the game.

2. ROLE STRAIN
Occurs when a person has trouble meeting many roles
connected with a single status.
Occurs when incompatible role demands develop
within a single status.
Role strain describes the difficulties that result from the
different demands and expectations associated with the
same social position or status.

2. ROLE STRAIN
For example, a teacher is
expected to administer a long
quiz to his students but due to
paper works in the office he is
obliged to finished it at the
same time. On the other
hand, he is also obliged to
attend the teachers’ seminar
for he is also the
representative of the
university.

3. ROLE EXIT
Role exit refers to the process of disengaging from a
role that is true to one's self-identity, in order to take up
a new role and identity.
Role exit describes the process of disengagement from
a role that is central to one’s self-identity and
reestablished of an identity in a new role.
Sociologist Helen Rose Ebaugh suggest that people
go through certain common stages on their way to
creating a new identity as an “ex”.

ROLE EXIT: THE PROCESS OF BECOMING AN “EX”
1. Doubts form about ability to
discontinue with a certain role.
2. Examination of new roles leads
to a turning point; one decides
to pursue a new direction. “the
Better One”.
3. Learning new expectations
associated with new role. “the
Happiness/Your Happiness”.
4. Past role might influence new
self. “the Lesson Learned.”

ROLE EXIT: THE PROCESS OF BECOMING AN “EX”
Note: Disengaging from
social roles can be traumatic
without any proper
preparation.

SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Is a social structures and social mechanisms of social
order and cooperation that govern the behavior of its
members.
Is a group of social positions, connected by social
relations, performing a social role.

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Any institution in a society that works to socialize the
group of people in it.
It is a group of social positions, connected by social
relations, performing a social role.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
Palispis (1996)
Institutions are purposive.
Relatively permanent in content.
Institutions are structured.
Institutions are a unified structure. Institutions
are necessarily value-laden.

FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Institutions simplify social behavior for the
individual person.
Provide ready-made forms of social relations
and social roles for individual.
Act as agencies of coordination and stability for
the total culture.
Control behavior.

MAJOR SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS

1. FAMILY
The smallest social
institution with the unique
function or producing and
rearing the young.
It is the basic unit of
Philippine society and the
educational system where
the child begins to learn the
basic of life.

1. FAMILY
The basic agent of
socialization because it is
here where the individual
develops values, behaviors,
and ways of life through
interaction with members of
the family (Vega, 2004).

2. ECONOMIC INSTITUTION
The institution that provides
for the production and
distribution of goods and
services, which people in
every society need.
Organizes the production,
distribution, and
consumption of goods and
services

3. POLITICAL INSTITUTION
The institution by which an
independent society makes
and carries out those rules of
action which are necessary
to enable men to live in a
social state, or which are
imposed upon the people for
that society by those who
possess the power or
authority of prescribing them.

3. POLITICAL INSTITUTION
Is the institution which
solves conflicts that are
public in nature and involve
more than a few people.

4. EDUCATION
A form of learning in which
the knowledge, skills, and
habits of a group of people
are transferred from one
generation to the next
through teaching, training, or
research.
Ensures the transmission of
values, patterns of behavior,
and certain skills and
knowledge.

5. RELIGION
Is a system of beliefs and
rituals that serves to bind
people together through
shared worship, thereby
creating a social group.
Set of beliefs and practices
that pertain to a sacred or
supernatural realm that
guides human behavior and
gives meaning to life among
a community of believers.

5. RELIGION
Is a social institution
involving beliefs and
practices based upon
conception of the sacred.
Provides a shared,
collective explanation of the
meaning of life.

END OF LESSON 6:
THANK YOU AND GOD
BLESS!!!

Understanding culture-society-and-politics-6-

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