demonstrate understanding of the requirements for creating a network.
Key Concepts: network – network topology
• Explain the principles of networking, describe types of networks, explain basic networking concepts and technologies, describe the physical components of a network.
• describe network topological, Identify Ethernet standards
The document provides an overview of the computer engineering program at Georgia Tech. It discusses that computer engineering involves digital design, computer architecture, networks, and applications. It then lists the core faculty and provides details on the undergraduate and graduate degree requirements, including lists of elective courses in areas like computer architecture, VLSI design, and computer networks. It also gives examples of computer engineering research areas at Georgia Tech such as computer architecture, design tools, and computer networks.
This document summarizes an internship report for an internship completed from April 1st to June 30th, 2015 at Orange Cameroon. The internship was completed to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Networks and Telecommunications Systems from the Catholic University Institute of Buea. During the internship, the intern was tasked with developing a solution to inventory and track equipment in Orange Cameroon's TCP/IP network. The report includes sections on the company background, TCP/IP network concepts, the problem statement, methodology used, and results of implementing an open-source network monitoring and management tool called Open-Audit.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and the internet. It defines key network terms like LAN, WAN, topology, protocols, and internet connections. It describes different network topologies like star, bus, ring and their advantages. It explains internet services like www, ftp, telnet and email. It discusses how analog and digital data is transmitted over networks and the role of modems. The document is presented as part of a course on fundamental computer principles and programming.
The document discusses several topics related to operating systems and software development models:
1) It describes the waterfall model of software development and its stages of requirements, design, implementation, testing, installation, and maintenance. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this model.
2) It introduces the spiral model as an enhancement of the waterfall model that adds risk analysis and prototyping. The spiral model proceeds through four quadrants of planning, risk evaluation, development, and planning for the next iteration.
3) It covers the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes through to the present fifth generation focusing on artificial intelligence. It highlights the technological advances between each generation.
4) It provides
Computer Based Test (CBT) by Simeon Ayoade AdedokunSimeon Adedokun
This presentation describes Computer Based Test (CBT) and its benefits. Different CBT environments are illustrated and different CBT question types are itemized. Common challenges when writing CBT and how to handle them are also discussed.
This document is a learning module on ethics in using computers for secondary school students in Malaysia. It contains information on computer ethics, copyright, plagiarism, and unethical computer usage. The module defines key terms, provides examples of ethical and unethical behavior, and includes activities for students to practice identifying ethical issues and avoid plagiarism. The goal is for students to understand proper computer usage and respect for intellectual property rights.
This resume summarizes the professional experience of Jaywant Prakash Deokate. He has over 2.5 years of experience in the telecom industry working for Tata Communications Limited in Pune, India. Currently he works as a Customer Service Executive focusing on service assurance. His responsibilities include handling customer complaints, monitoring networks, troubleshooting issues, and maintaining high network uptime. He has experience working with SDH and DWDM networks using tools like ECI, Tejas, BMC Remedy and has technical skills in areas like routing, provisioning, and coordination with other teams and carriers. He holds a BE degree in Electronics and Telecommunication from Pune and has consistently achieved high academic marks.
The document provides an overview of the computer engineering program at Georgia Tech. It discusses that computer engineering involves digital design, computer architecture, networks, and applications. It then lists the core faculty and provides details on the undergraduate and graduate degree requirements, including lists of elective courses in areas like computer architecture, VLSI design, and computer networks. It also gives examples of computer engineering research areas at Georgia Tech such as computer architecture, design tools, and computer networks.
This document summarizes an internship report for an internship completed from April 1st to June 30th, 2015 at Orange Cameroon. The internship was completed to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Networks and Telecommunications Systems from the Catholic University Institute of Buea. During the internship, the intern was tasked with developing a solution to inventory and track equipment in Orange Cameroon's TCP/IP network. The report includes sections on the company background, TCP/IP network concepts, the problem statement, methodology used, and results of implementing an open-source network monitoring and management tool called Open-Audit.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and the internet. It defines key network terms like LAN, WAN, topology, protocols, and internet connections. It describes different network topologies like star, bus, ring and their advantages. It explains internet services like www, ftp, telnet and email. It discusses how analog and digital data is transmitted over networks and the role of modems. The document is presented as part of a course on fundamental computer principles and programming.
The document discusses several topics related to operating systems and software development models:
1) It describes the waterfall model of software development and its stages of requirements, design, implementation, testing, installation, and maintenance. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this model.
2) It introduces the spiral model as an enhancement of the waterfall model that adds risk analysis and prototyping. The spiral model proceeds through four quadrants of planning, risk evaluation, development, and planning for the next iteration.
3) It covers the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes through to the present fifth generation focusing on artificial intelligence. It highlights the technological advances between each generation.
4) It provides
Computer Based Test (CBT) by Simeon Ayoade AdedokunSimeon Adedokun
This presentation describes Computer Based Test (CBT) and its benefits. Different CBT environments are illustrated and different CBT question types are itemized. Common challenges when writing CBT and how to handle them are also discussed.
This document is a learning module on ethics in using computers for secondary school students in Malaysia. It contains information on computer ethics, copyright, plagiarism, and unethical computer usage. The module defines key terms, provides examples of ethical and unethical behavior, and includes activities for students to practice identifying ethical issues and avoid plagiarism. The goal is for students to understand proper computer usage and respect for intellectual property rights.
This resume summarizes the professional experience of Jaywant Prakash Deokate. He has over 2.5 years of experience in the telecom industry working for Tata Communications Limited in Pune, India. Currently he works as a Customer Service Executive focusing on service assurance. His responsibilities include handling customer complaints, monitoring networks, troubleshooting issues, and maintaining high network uptime. He has experience working with SDH and DWDM networks using tools like ECI, Tejas, BMC Remedy and has technical skills in areas like routing, provisioning, and coordination with other teams and carriers. He holds a BE degree in Electronics and Telecommunication from Pune and has consistently achieved high academic marks.
This document outlines an agenda for a class on network topologies and access methods. The class will include demonstrations by the teacher on different network topologies like bus, star, ring and tree. Students will participate in activities where they research and present information on various topologies. The teacher will also demonstrate network operating systems and different access methods like CSMA/CD, token passing and demand priority. Students will watch videos and ask questions about these topics. They will be assigned homework to summarize and compare peer-to-peer and client-server networks.
- A network is an interconnected system that connects computers and allows for sharing of information and resources.
- There are several types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).
- Setting up a network provides benefits like increased speed of file transfers, lower software costs, improved security, centralized software management, and ability to share resources like printers. However, networks also have disadvantages like downtime if the main cable is broken and costs of switches or routers.
- Common network topologies include bus, ring, and star configurations. The bus layout has a main backbone cable, ring uses each device as a repeater in a closed loop, and star connects all devices to a
Case Study - After establishing a reputation in the Arts and Design Markets, the Singapore Arts Academy (SAA) considers expanding and investing into a new Multimedia department and courses by setting up campuses around Asia pacific region. - By Hansa Edirisinghe
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network fundamentals like LAN, MAN and WAN and various network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. It also describes common network components like physical media, networking devices, computers that act as clients and servers, and networking protocols like TCP/IP. Finally, it lists several applications that operate over computer networks like email, web browsing, e-commerce, VoIP and video conferencing.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network fundamentals like LAN, MAN and WAN and various network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. It also describes common network components like physical media, networking devices, computers that act as clients and servers, and networking protocols like TCP/IP. Finally, it lists several applications that operate over computer networks like email, web browsing, e-commerce, VoIP and video conferencing.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and networking concepts. It defines what a computer network is and discusses different types of network models including client-server and peer-to-peer. It also describes common network devices like servers, clients, routers, gateways and bridges. Additionally, it covers network topologies, standards, and the concept of a local area network (LAN).
This document provides an introduction to a course on computer networks taught by Vinayak M. Umale at Shri sant Gajanan Maharaj college of Engineering. It outlines Vinayak M. Umale's background and experience, provides an overview of the course content which will cover topics like networking devices, protocols, routing, and practical labs, and presents the grading guidelines for the course.
This document provides an introduction to a course on computer networks taught by Vinayak M. Umale at Shri sant Gajanan Maharaj college of Engineering. It outlines Vinayak M. Umale's background and experience, provides an overview of the course content which will cover topics like networking devices, protocols, routing, and practical labs, and presents the grading guidelines for the course.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, and tree or hybrid topologies. It describes the basic characteristics of each topology including their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses network operating systems, describing peer-to-peer and client/server models. Peer-to-peer networks have no central file server while client/server networks centralize functions and applications on dedicated file servers.
This document provides an overview of the "Computer Networks and Data Communications" course offered at Must.ac.ug. The course is taught on Thursdays from 11:00-12:30pm in the Post Graduate Room1. Students are expected to attend all lectures, complete assignments and projects, and participate in discussions. Prerequisites include basic computer skills and knowledge of the Internet. Students will access course materials through the learning management system using the enrollment key 3114. Evaluation includes in-class assignments, a midterm test, group projects, attendance, and a final exam. The semester project involves designing a campus network using Packet Tracer. Topics covered include networking fundamentals, OSI and TCP/IP models, physical
The document discusses different types of computer network architectures and topologies. It describes peer-to-peer networks and client/server networks, and notes advantages and disadvantages of each. The document also covers different network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh, and the pros and cons of each. Finally, it discusses the differences between workgroup and domain network models.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to technology infrastructure for e-commerce and business data communication and networking, including:
1. An introduction to various network applications, programming concepts, data communications fundamentals, packet switching technologies, and internetworking protocols like TCP/IP.
2. A brief history of networking including developments by Samuel Morse, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas Edison that led to modern voice and data communication networks.
3. An outline of course topics, assignments including quizzes, group works and finals, and career opportunities in data communications.
This document is a project report on network topologies submitted by Rukmini Dasari for her 12th class studies. It begins with a title page and certificates of completion. In the acknowledgments, Rukmini thanks her computer science teacher, Mrs. Malika Parveen, for her guidance and support in completing the project. The body of the report defines network topology and describes three common types: bus, star, and tree. It provides details on the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each topology. The report concludes with a declaration by Rukmini that the work is original and was completed under supervision.
This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid topologies. It provides advantages and disadvantages of each topology. Bus topology has limited cable length and number of devices but is inexpensive. Star topology is easy to install but requires more cable. Ring topology provides equal access but is dependent on the connecting wire. Mesh topology can withstand high traffic but has high redundancy and cost. Hybrid topology is reliable and flexible but difficult to install. The document concludes by noting each topology has advantages and disadvantages and all can fail if the server has problems.
Computer Network Topology By Team_Diversity Detectives (Dept . of Sociology)Suman Mia
A network topology is the physical and logical arrangement of nodes and connect in a network.
Physical topology describes the layout of devices and cables, and logical topology describes the way in which data is transmitted within the network – regardless of the physical layout.
A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or network devices are connected to each other. Topologies may define both physical and logical aspect of the network. Both logical and physical topologies could be same or different in a same network.
The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network topologies including bus, star, tree, ring and mesh. It describes the components of a network including physical media, networking devices, computers that can serve as clients or servers, networking protocols like TCP/IP, and applications like email, the web, and video conferencing. It also introduces concepts like LANs, MANs, WANs and the ISO/OSI reference model. The document appears to be an introductory lecture on computer networks covering fundamental topics at a high level.
Data Communications and Net-Centric computingKomalah Nair
This document provides a network proposal for an exhibition at a university campus. It includes:
1) A basic network diagram showing fiber optic cabling connecting various network devices using MT-RJ and ST connectors.
2) Descriptions of network cards, wireless receivers, and video cards to enable device connectivity.
3) Details of network equipment like routers, switches, and wireless access points.
4) Recommendation that a star topology is most suitable given its advantages like ease of adding/removing devices and fault detection.
This document discusses different network topologies. It defines network topology as the layout and connections of devices in a network. It then proceeds to define and compare the characteristics of five common topologies: ring, mesh, star, bus and tree. For each topology it provides details on how the topology is arranged and its advantages and disadvantages. The document concludes by stating it has proven that topologies determine how technology devices communicate over the internet.
Iqbal Rahman discusses different types of computer networks. He explains that a computer network is a collection of computers connected together through wired or wireless media to share data and information. Rahman then describes different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, peer-to-peer, linear, and tree. He analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of bus, star, and ring topologies. Finally, Rahman lists some common network tools used such as hubs, switches, routers, cables, and network interface cards.
functions in python By Eng. Osama Ghandour الدوال فى البايثون مع مهندس اسامه ...Osama Ghandour Geris
Functions are blocks of reusable code that perform single actions. They provide modularity and code reusability. Functions can take arguments, including default arguments, and return values. Arguments can be passed by value for immutable objects or by reference for mutable objects. Functions can also take arbitrary and keyword arguments. Lambda functions are small anonymous functions. Documentation strings and annotations provide metadata about functions.
The document outlines an agenda for a lesson on Python programming. It includes:
1. A warm-up revision session and presentation on Python basics.
2. A video about Python and practical work in pairs or online to create simple Python programs.
3. A pre-test on Python questions and answers.
4. A reflection session and assignment of homework on Python.
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This document outlines an agenda for a class on network topologies and access methods. The class will include demonstrations by the teacher on different network topologies like bus, star, ring and tree. Students will participate in activities where they research and present information on various topologies. The teacher will also demonstrate network operating systems and different access methods like CSMA/CD, token passing and demand priority. Students will watch videos and ask questions about these topics. They will be assigned homework to summarize and compare peer-to-peer and client-server networks.
- A network is an interconnected system that connects computers and allows for sharing of information and resources.
- There are several types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).
- Setting up a network provides benefits like increased speed of file transfers, lower software costs, improved security, centralized software management, and ability to share resources like printers. However, networks also have disadvantages like downtime if the main cable is broken and costs of switches or routers.
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This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network fundamentals like LAN, MAN and WAN and various network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. It also describes common network components like physical media, networking devices, computers that act as clients and servers, and networking protocols like TCP/IP. Finally, it lists several applications that operate over computer networks like email, web browsing, e-commerce, VoIP and video conferencing.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network fundamentals like LAN, MAN and WAN and various network topologies including bus, star, ring and mesh. It also describes common network components like physical media, networking devices, computers that act as clients and servers, and networking protocols like TCP/IP. Finally, it lists several applications that operate over computer networks like email, web browsing, e-commerce, VoIP and video conferencing.
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This document provides an introduction to a course on computer networks taught by Vinayak M. Umale at Shri sant Gajanan Maharaj college of Engineering. It outlines Vinayak M. Umale's background and experience, provides an overview of the course content which will cover topics like networking devices, protocols, routing, and practical labs, and presents the grading guidelines for the course.
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This document discusses different network topologies including bus, star, ring, and tree or hybrid topologies. It describes the basic characteristics of each topology including their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses network operating systems, describing peer-to-peer and client/server models. Peer-to-peer networks have no central file server while client/server networks centralize functions and applications on dedicated file servers.
This document provides an overview of the "Computer Networks and Data Communications" course offered at Must.ac.ug. The course is taught on Thursdays from 11:00-12:30pm in the Post Graduate Room1. Students are expected to attend all lectures, complete assignments and projects, and participate in discussions. Prerequisites include basic computer skills and knowledge of the Internet. Students will access course materials through the learning management system using the enrollment key 3114. Evaluation includes in-class assignments, a midterm test, group projects, attendance, and a final exam. The semester project involves designing a campus network using Packet Tracer. Topics covered include networking fundamentals, OSI and TCP/IP models, physical
The document discusses different types of computer network architectures and topologies. It describes peer-to-peer networks and client/server networks, and notes advantages and disadvantages of each. The document also covers different network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh, and the pros and cons of each. Finally, it discusses the differences between workgroup and domain network models.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to technology infrastructure for e-commerce and business data communication and networking, including:
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The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses network topologies including bus, star, tree, ring and mesh. It describes the components of a network including physical media, networking devices, computers that can serve as clients or servers, networking protocols like TCP/IP, and applications like email, the web, and video conferencing. It also introduces concepts like LANs, MANs, WANs and the ISO/OSI reference model. The document appears to be an introductory lecture on computer networks covering fundamental topics at a high level.
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Iqbal Rahman discusses different types of computer networks. He explains that a computer network is a collection of computers connected together through wired or wireless media to share data and information. Rahman then describes different network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, peer-to-peer, linear, and tree. He analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of bus, star, and ring topologies. Finally, Rahman lists some common network tools used such as hubs, switches, routers, cables, and network interface cards.
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
1. Network topologies and
access methods - Agenda
5 min Warm up Essential Question brain storm
15 min Introduction teacher demonstrate
10 min Act1 – ppt teacher demonstrate
5 min Act2 - listen to Lan video then asking questions
10 min Students are connecting LAN between 2 laptops
10 min Act3 - teacher demonstrate “Network Operating Software”
10 min Act4 – network access methods
2 +3 min Act5 - listen to access methods video then
asking questions
10 min Reflection
Home work Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School1
2. Essential Questions:
you were asked to create
network between your
school labs ,identify how
will you plan to do this
task?
Eng.Osama Ghandour Programming and electronics Teacher
Assiut STEM School2
3. How could to know about network
topologies and access methods?
Example Movie
makerAsk or call a
college
Ask a
teacher
Ask or call an
expert or an
engineer
Search through search
engine such as google
or Bing for ppt or pdf
files using your laptop
or smart phone through
internet connection
Use the help / F1
Search through
YouTube
Search through wiki
Beddia
Activity 2
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School3
4. CS.2.07 Brain storm 5 min
Essential Questions:
What are the kinds
of networks ?
15-4
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School
7. Introduction teacher demonstrate
Topology 15 min
The physical topology of a network refers to the
configuration of cables, computers and other
peripherals.
The main types of network topologies are:
– Linear Bus
– Star
– Ring
– Tree or Hybrid
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School7
8. Linear Bus topology
A linear bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a
terminator at each end. All servers workstations and
peripherals are connected to the linear cable , a bus
technology called Ethernet has become the
industry standard for local-area networks.
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School8
10. Advantages & Disadvantages of Bus Topology
Advantages
Works well for small networks
Relatively inexpensive to implement
Easy to add to it
Disadvantages
Management costs can be high
Potential for congestion with network trafficEng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School10
11. Star topology
A star network is
designed with each
node (file server,
workstation,
peripheral) connected
directly to a central
network hub or server
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School11
13. Advantages & Disadvantages of Star Topology
Advantages
Good option for modern networks
Low startup costs
Easy to manage
Offers opportunities for expansion
Most popular topology in use; wide variety of
equipment available
Disadvantages
Hub is a single point of failure
Requires more cable than the bus
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School13
14. Ring topology
A ring network is one
where all workstations
and other devices are
connected in a
continuous loop. There
is no central server
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School14
16. Advantages of Ring Topology
Easier to manage; easier to locate a
defective node or cable problem
Well-suited for transmitting signals over
long distances on a LAN
Handles high-volume network traffic
Enables reliable communication
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School16
17. Disadvantages of
Ring Topology
Expensive
Requires more cable and network
equipment at the start
Not used as widely as bus topology
– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion to high-
speed communication
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School17
19. Tree or hybrid topology
A tree or hybrid
topology combines
characteristics of linear
bus and star and/or
ring topologies.
It consists of groups of
star-configured
workstations connected
to a linear bus
backbone cable
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School19
21. Star-bus-Topology - Star-
ring Topology
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School21
(CSMA/CD)
22. Explain the principles of
networking, describe types of
networks, explain basic
networking concepts and
technologies, describe the
physical components of a network.
describe network topologies,
Identify Ethernet standards
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School22
23. 15 min Act1 – TPS
-Searching about Network
topologies
-Students print A3 and A4
papers about Network
topologies then stick it at the
class room walls Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School23
24. Daisy chain: linked series of devices
– Hubs and switches often connected in daisy
chain to extend a network
Hubs, gateways, routers, switches, and
bridges can form part of backbone
Extent to which hubs can be connected is
limited
Backbone Networks: Serial
Backbone
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School24
25. 10 min Act3 - teacher demonstrate
“Network Operating Software”
Network operating systems co-
ordinate the activities of
multiple computers across a
network
The two major types of
network OS are:
– Peer-to-peer
– Client/server
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School25
26. Peer to peer network OS
– In peer to peer network OS, there is no
file server or central management source;
all computers are considered equal
– Peer to peer networks are design
primarily for small to medium LANS
– AppleShare and Windows
for Workgroups are examples of
programs that can function as peer to
peer
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School26
27. Client/Server network OS
– Client/server network OS centralise
functions and applications in one or
more dedicated file servers.
– The file server provides access to
resources and provides security
– Novel Netware and
Windows NT Server
are examples of
client/server network
operating systems
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School27
28. Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School28
Now students
Concentrate to PPT
demonstration about
network models stopping
it then asking questions
10 m press here
29. Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School29
Activity using laptops
Concentrate to PPT about
LAN between 2 laptops using
UTP
cable then asking questions
10 m press here
30. Network Flow of data / Computer
network access methods
The Function of Access Methods
The set of rules that defines how a
computer puts data onto the network
cable and takes data from the cable is
called an access method. Once data is
moving on the network, access
methods help to regulate the flow of
10 min Act4 – network access methods
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School30
31. Traffic Control on the Cable
A network is in some ways like a
railroad track, along which several trains
run. The track is interspersed with
occasional railway stations. When a
train is on the track, all other trains must
abide by a procedure that governs how
and when they enter the flow of traffic.
Without such a procedure, entering
trains would collide with the one already
on the track. Train pictures
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School31
32. What are important
differences between
a railroad system
and a computer
network?. Train pictures
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School32
33. Network Flow of data / computer
network access methods
– Carrier-sense multiple-access
with collision detection
(CSMA/CD)
– Carrier-sense multiple-access with
collision avoidance (CSMA/CA)
– Token passing Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School33
34. 2 min Act5 - listen
to access methods
video then asking
questions press here
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School34
35. Carrier-sense multiple-access with
collision detection (CSMA/CD)
Collision occurs if two computers put
data on the cable at the same time35
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School
36. Access methods
prevent computers from
gaining simultaneous
access to the cable. By
making sure that only
one computer at a time
can put data on the
network cable, access
methods ensure that
the sending and
receiving of network
data is an orderly
process.
Computers can
transmit data only if
the cable is freeEng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School36
39. With these points in mind, the name of
the access method—carrier-sense
multiple access with collision detection
(CSMA/CD)—makes sense. Computers
listen to or "sense" the cable (carrier-
sense). Commonly, many computers on
the network attempt to transmit data
(multiple access); each one first listens to
detect any possible collisions. If a
computer detects a possible collision, it
waits for a random period of time before
retransmitting (collision detection).39
40. CSMA/CD is known as a contention method because
computers on the network contend, or compete, for an
opportunity to send data
CSMA/CD Considerations
The more computers there are on the network, the
more network traffic there will be. With more traffic,
collision avoidance and collisions tend to increase,
which slows the network down, so CSMA/CD can be a
slow-access method. Ex. journal exams
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School40
42. After each collision, both computers will have to try to
retransmit their data. If the network is very busy, there
is a chance that the attempts by both computers will
result in collisions with packets from other computers
on the network. If this happens, four computers (the two
original computers and the two computers whose
transmitted packets collided with the original
computer's retransmitted packets) will have to attempt
to retransmit. These proliferating retransmissions can
slow the network to a near standstill.
The occurrence of this problem depends on the number
of users attempting to use the network and which
applications they are using. Database applications tend
to put more traffic on the network than word-processing
applications do. Ex journal exams42
43. Depending on the hardware components, the cabling,
and the networking software, using a CSMA/CD
network with many users running several database
applications can be very frustrating because of heavy
network traffic. Ex journal exams
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School43
46. 2 min Act5 - listen
to Token ring
access method
video then asking
questions press hereEng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School46
47. Token-Passing Access Method
In the access method known as token passing, a
special type of packet, called a token, circulates around
a cable ring from computer to computer. When any
computer on the ring needs to send data across the
network, it must wait for a free token. When a free
token is detected, the computer will take control of it if
the computer has data to send.
The computer can now transmit data. Data is transmitted
in frames, and additional information, such as addressing,
is attached to the frame in the form of headers and
trailers
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School47
48. While the token is in use by one computer, other
computers cannot transmit data. Because only one
computer at a time can use the token, no contention
and no collision take place, and no time is spent waiting
for computers to resend tokens due to network traffic
on the cable.
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School48
49. Demand Priority Access Method
Demand priority is a relatively new access method
designed for the 100-Mbps Ethernet standard known as
100VG-AnyLAN. It has been sanctioned and
standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
Engineers (IEEE) in its 802.12 specification, which is
discussed later in this chapter.
This access method is based on the fact that repeaters and end
nodes are the two components that make up all 100VG-AnyLAN
networks. Figure 3.4 shows a demand-priority network. The
repeaters manage network access by doing round-robin
searches for requests to send from all nodes on the network. The
repeater, or hub, is responsible for noting all addresses, links,
and end nodes and verifying that they are all functioning.
According to the 100VG-AnyLAN definition, an end node can be
a computer, bridge, router, or switch.49
51. Demand-Priority Contention
As in CSMA/CD, two computers using the demand-
priority access method can cause contention by
transmitting at exactly the same time. However, with
demand priority, it is possible to implement a scheme in
which certain types of data will be given priority if there
is contention. If the hub or repeater receives two
requests at the same time, the highest priority request
is serviced first. If the two requests are of the same
priority, both requests are serviced by alternating
between the two.
In a demand-priority network, computers can receive and
transmit at the same time because of the cabling scheme defined
for this access method. In this method, four pairs of wires are
used, which enables quartet signaling, transmitting 25 MHz
signals on each of the pairs of wire in the cable.
51
52. Demand priority offers several advantages over
CSMA/CD including:
The use of four pairs of wires.
By using four pairs of wires, computers can transmit
and receive at the same time.
Transmissions through the hub.
Transmissions are not broadcast to all the other
computers on the network. The computers do not
contend on their own for access to the cable, but
operate under the centralized control of the hub.
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School52
53. Feature or
function
CSMA/CD CSMA/CA Token passing
Demand
priority
Type of
Communicatio
n
Broadcast-
based
Broadcast-
based
Token-based Hub-based
Type of access
method
Contention Contention Noncontention Contention
Type of
network
Ethernet LocalTalk Token Ring
ArcNet
100VG-
AnyLan
Table 3.1 Features of Different Access Methods
53
54. Managing data on a network is a form of traffic control.
The set of rules that governs how network traffic is controlled is
called the access method.
When using the CSMA/CD access method, a computer waits
until the network is quiet and then transmits its data. If two
computers transmit at the same time, the data will collide and
have to be re-sent. If two data packets collide, both will be
destroyed.
When using the CSMA/CA access method, a computer transmits
its intent to transmit before actually sending the data.
When using the token-ring access method, each computer must
wait to receive the token before it can transmit data. Only one
computer at a time can use the token.
When using the demand-priority access method, each computer
communicates only with a hub. The hub then controls the flow of
data.
Access methods summary
54
55. Ethernet is a
Network Operating Software
Bus topology
Network access method
Backbone Networks ’element
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School55
58. CCNA
Certified Computer Network
Administrator
this Certificate from Cisco company
www.netacade.com
Eng.Osama Ghandour Programming and
electronics Teacher Assiut STEM
School
Exam costs 3000 L.E. in
CISCO centers
But through online
exam is free of charge
58
59. Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School59
Closing and summery
Network topologies
HybridBus StarRing
Network OS
AppleShare and Windows
Novel Netware and Windows NT
Client/server
Peer-to-peer
Network access methods
(CSMA/CD) - (CSMA/CA)
Token passing - Demand priority
60. 5 min Reflection
• Mansion one type of each of :
• network topologies
• network OS
• network access methods ?
Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School60
61. Home work
provides a summary
comparison between
network types , its OS
and its access data
methods in a tabel . Computer-Networks-
-Introduction_Computer_Networking pdf file Eng.Osama Ghandour
Programming and electronics
Teacher
Assiut STEM School61
62. Journal Question
In computer Science (CS.2.08), you
learned about different network
Topologies. What kind of these
network Topologies would you
suggest for a new factory
working in the field of the
industry you are working on for
this semester Capstone? Explain
why you suggested this kind?
62