![these guidelines were "not intended to limit the
types of copying permitted under the standards
of fair use under judicial decision and which
are stated in Section 107 of the Copyright
Revision Bill. There may be instances in which
copying which does not fall within the
guidelines stated [above] may nonetheless be
permitted under the criterion of fair use."](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/copyrightandfairusevirginiabeach-100813093546-phpapp01/85/Copyright-Clarity-35-320.jpg)
![The educational value of this
assignment is based, in fact, on
the careful relationship between
the audio and the images....
[W]here you have asked
permission and been refused,
your decision about distribution
rests completely on your comfort
level about whether this use
indeed a fair use....](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/copyrightandfairusevirginiabeach-100813093546-phpapp01/85/Copyright-Clarity-60-320.jpg)
![eg., “licensed for home [or private or
educational or noncommercial] use only”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/copyrightandfairusevirginiabeach-100813093546-phpapp01/85/Copyright-Clarity-84-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySpiro Bolos
Copyright Clarity
The document discusses the concept of copyright and fair use, emphasizing the balance between the rights of content owners and users, particularly in educational contexts. It addresses common myths surrounding fair use, highlights the guidelines and factors influencing fair use determination, and includes perspectives from notable educators and legal experts. The importance of transformative use and understanding copyright law for media literacy in education is also presented.
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Copyright Clarity
- 1. © opyright © larity FAIR USE FOR EDUCATORS & STUDENTS Spiro Bolos Affiliated Faculty Media Education Lab @ Temple University boloss@nths.net
- 2. “We’re changing whatit would mean to be a creator just at the time that technology is enabling anybody to be a creator. So, just when it matters most, the law steps in and destroys the opportunity...” — Harvard Law Professor Lawrence Lessig
- 3. ? ?
- 4.
- 6.
- 7. !"#$%%&'()*'*#+'(,' -,.&/"0)(' -,#123",#')$3' $//"4*+ !2#+*+'5&'()*'6,)#'78'9'':$()*/"#*';8'<$-=/()2/'!,2#+$(",#
- 8.
- 9. ! The MediaEducation Lab (Renee Hobbs, Temple University) ! The Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property (Peter Jaszi, Washington College of Law: American University) ! The Center for Social Media (Patricia Aufderheide, School of Communication: American University)
- 10.
- 11. ! Action Coalitionfor Media Education ! Media Education Foundation ! National Association for Media Literacy Education ! National Council of Teachers of English ! Visual Communication Studies Division of the International Communication Association
- 12.
- 13. ! Jamie B.Bischoff ! Robert W. Clarida ! Kenneth D. Crews ! Michael J. Madison ! Jennifer Urban
- 14.
- 15. ! The MacArthurFoundation ! The Ford Foundation
- 17.
- 18. “To promote theProgress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries” (Section 8).
- 19. What is fairuse?
- 20. “Fair use isthe right to use copyrighted material without permission or payment under some circumstances — especially when the cultural or social benefits of the use are predominant” (“Code” 1; emphasis added).
- 21. “That authors andinventors benefit from copyright is a side effect of encouraging the dissemination of knowledge, and not a direct intent of copyright” (Carrie Russell, Complete Copyright).
- 22. “In fact, asthe Supreme Court has pointed out, fair use keeps copyright from violating the First Amendment” (“Code” 5).
- 23. “Copyright Law BalancesRights of Owners and Users” (Hobbs 20). OWNERS USERS
- 24. The Four Factors Section107 of the COPYRIGHT LAW of 1976 1. The Nature of the Use 2. The Nature of the Work Used 3. The Extent of the Use 4. Its Economic Impact (6)
- 25. Professor Eric Faden,Bucknell University “A Fair(y) Use Tale”
- 26.
- 27. “Fair use istoo unclear and complicated for me; it’s better left to lawyers and administrators.”
- 28. “Educators know bestwhat they need to use of existing copyrighted culture to construct their own lessons and materials....Once they know, they can tell their lawyers and administrators” (15; emphasis added).
- 29. “Educators can relyon ‘rules of thumb’ for fair use guidance.”
- 30. “The guidelines arenegotiated resolutions of conflicts regarding fair use, and yet they are often presented as standards to which one must adhere in order to remain within the law.” — Kenneth Crews “The Law of Fair Use and the Illusion of Fair-Use Guidelines”
- 31. “...in fact theguidelines bear little relationship, if any, to the law of fair use” (emphasis added).
- 35. these guidelines were"not intended to limit the types of copying permitted under the standards of fair use under judicial decision and which are stated in Section 107 of the Copyright Revision Bill. There may be instances in which copying which does not fall within the guidelines stated [above] may nonetheless be permitted under the criterion of fair use."
- 36. “School system rulesare the last word of fair use by educators.”
- 37. “Rather than followinga specific formula, lawyers and judges decide whether an unlicensed use of copyrighted material is ‘fair’ according to the ‘rule of reason’” (6; emphasis added).
- 38. “Fair use isjust for critiques, commentaries or parodies.”
- 39. “Transformativeness, a keyvalue in fair use law, can involve modifying material or putting material in a new context, or both” (15; emphasis added).
- 40. “If I’m notmaking any money off it, it’s fair use.”
- 41. “...some more publicuses may be unfair even if no money is exchanged” (16; emphasis added).
- 42. “Employing fair useis too much trouble; I don’t want to fill out any forms.”
- 46.
- 58. “But, if youchoose, you may...still claim fair use if your request is refused or ignored. In some cases, courts have found that asking permission and then being rejected has actually enhanced fair use claims” (16).
- 59. What a creativeway to incorporate media literacy into the social studies curriculum! As I look at the piece, it seems that your students have demonstrated their understanding of the content by transforming the “This American Life” segment into a new work through their imaginative multimedia slides.
- 60. The educational valueof this assignment is based, in fact, on the careful relationship between the audio and the images.... [W]here you have asked permission and been refused, your decision about distribution rests completely on your comfort level about whether this use indeed a fair use....
- 61. I think it’sa great example of how, sometimes, we use a whole piece of media in our work with students — and for the specific learning objective, we need to use the whole piece.
- 62. “Fair use couldget me sued.”
- 63. 1. “That’s very,very unlikely” (17) 2. “Cease and Desist” letter
- 64. Case Studies Seeking Repurposing Angry Email Permission Google Images Response 4:49 5:49 5:04
- 65. Best Practices 1. Theuse of the copyrighted work is transformative. 2. The kind and the amount of the copyrighted work used is appropriate to accomplish the legitimate purpose. 3. The author of the copyrighted work is cited, whenever possible.
- 66. All forms ofmedia
- 67.
- 68.
- 69.
- 70.
- 71. sound media WNYC’s
- 72.
- 73.
- 74. newspaper clippings = digital files
- 75.
- 76. “When a user’scopy was obtained illegally or in bad faith, that fact may affect fair use analysis.” (9)
- 77.
- 78.
- 79.
- 80.
- 81.
- 82.
- 83.
- 84. eg., “licensed forhome [or private or educational or noncommercial] use only”
- 85. Untested Case Study “PERILOUSTIMES: Civil Liberties in Wartime” American Studies Group Project
- 95. Reinforcement Videos Whatis Cost of Copyright? Copyright Confusion 3:41 5:38 User’s Fair Use Rights for Media Literacy 3:10 6:26
- 96. • Renee Hobbs:http://api.ning.com/files/ 3xBu0cBSMiiG-qw0tbU3knTMNteLjB8X- xqouKhJi40_/ReneeProfessional2009.jpg • Hobbs, Jaszi, Aufderheide: “How Media Literacy Educators Reclaimed Copyright and Fair Use”, International Journal of Media and Learning, vol. 1, No. 3 • Kutiman, “The Mother of All Funk Chords”: http://thru-you.com/
- 97. • Copyright Criminals:http:// www.copyrightcriminals.com • “Copyright and Fair Use Guidelines for Teachers”: http://www.halldavidson.net/ chartshort.html • Creative Commons Logos: http:// www.creativecommons.se/images/ highquality.jpg • Balance: http://blog.wineenthusiast.com/wp- content/uploads/2008/12/balance.jpg
- 98. • Supreme Court:http://www.flickr.com/ photos/vgm8383/2044910536/ • U.S. Constitution: http://www.archives.gov/ exhibits/charters/charters_downloads.html • Courtroom Gavel: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/63126465@N00/117048243 • Flexibility: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ khalid-almasoud/474399662/
- 99. • Robin Williams:http://images.starpulse.com/ Photos/Previews/Dead-Poets-Society-04.jpg • Edward James Olmos: http:// pantskicker.com/wp-content/uploads/ 2008/01/0standanddeliverbwcrop.jpg • Michelle Pfeiffer: http:// images.allmoviephoto.com/ 1995_Dangerous_Minds/ 1995_Dangerous_Minds_036.jpg
- 100. • The Wire:http://www.hbo.com/thewire/img/ episodeguide/season04/ep38_04.jpg • Hilary Swank: http:// www.independentcritics.com/images/ freedom%20writers%20SPLASH.jpg • Kevin Kline: http://videodetective.com/ photos/633/026626_27.jpg
- 101. • Jack Black:http://fraser.typepad.com/ a_girl_a_gun/images/ School_of_Rock_01.jpg • Kindergarten Cop: http:// i153.photobucket.com/albums/s229/ longjohnjohn05/arnold1.jpg • Crews, Kenneth: “The Law of Fair Use and the Illusion of Fair-Use Guidelines,” The Ohio State Law Journal 62 (2001): 602–700
- 102. • Parthenon DetailReplica: http:// www.flickr.com/photos/brent_nashville/ 2455550267/ • “in y’own mix”: "pirøbølo", Copyright Criminals Contest. http://ccmixter.org/ copyrightcriminals/people/spirobolos • “The Next Step”: Trifonic, Copyright Criminals Contest. http://ccmixter.org/files/ trifonic/4163
- 103. • Time Magazine(Obama cover): http:// www.flickr.com/photos/tonythemisfit/ 3142216126/sizes/l/ • Reel-to-reel: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ dmitry/531285082/ • “HITECH” photo: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/tsevis/2282944393/in/ set-72157608680934688
- 104. • “Klutz Clippings”:http://www.flickr.com/ photos/tantrum_dan/2344581860/ • “VHS’sss”: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 33917831@N00/1018612301/ • Newspaper article: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/44789431@N00/52308403/ • DVDs: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 23327787@N08/2348565675/
- 105. • Blockbuster Video:http://www.flickr.com/ photos/40736030@N00/51415142/ • Yo-Yo Ma: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 21651009@N00/2606693331/ • Apollo 13 DVD: http://www.flickr.com/ photos/clith/153418933/ • Pirate: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ 83135223@N00/285200741/
- 106. www.mediaeducationlab.com www.centerforsocialmedia.org www.spirobolos.com