1. Impacts of Perceptions, Beliefs,
and Attitudes on Organizational
Behavior

2. 2 from 20
Table of Contents
Stereotyping, Entity/Incremental Theorists,
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, Halo Effect, Contrast
Effect, Fundamental Attribution Error
• How evaluate our beliefs about others
Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Narcissisms,
Self-Independence/Interdependence

3. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
– Judge someone on the basis of our perception of
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the group to which he or she belongs
:
• “older employees can’t learn new skills”
• “Overweight employees lack discipline”
• “Asian employees are hardworking and conscientious”

4. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
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refers to a view that
human characteristics are fixed and don’t
change much with experience
refers to a view that
human characteristics are malleable and can
be changed with experience and can be
developed

5. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
5 from 20
– is that
people’s expectations or beliefs determine their
behavior and performance,
thus

6. 6 from 20
2. اقدام و تصمیم گیری بر
اساس پیش فرض:
تفویض اختیار به وی
اقدامی معقول نیست. پس
اختیار زیادی نباید در
تصمیم گیری داشته باشد
3. ایجاد واکنش در فرد
مقابل: ایجاد بی انگیزگی و
بی تفاوتی در زمان اجرای
تصمیمات سازمانی
1. پیش فرض مدیر دربا ره
کارشناس: وی فردی نات وان
است
4. بروز رفتارهایی همراستا
با پیش فرض اولیه:
رفتارهای غیرکارکردی و
افت عملکرد

7. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– General impression about an individual on the
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basis of a single characteristic such as
Intelligence, Sociability,
Appearance
– For example:
• An interviewer may make incorrect image about a well
dressing marketing applicant which causes making
positive judgment about his/her abilities and
responsibilities.

8. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– Evaluation of a person’s characteristics that are
affected by comparisons with other people
recently encountered who rank higher or lower
on the same characteristics with a contrast.
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– For example:
• An interviewee may be overestimated if be compared
with a moderate person if there is a contrast between
their abilities.

9. Beliefs and Attitudes about Others
(cont.)
– The tendency to underestimate the influence of
external factors and overestimate the influence
of internal factors when making judgments about
behavior of others
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– For example:
• We may attribute the failures of others to their
indiscipline while attribute our failure to system troubles
and/or environmental problems

10. 10 from 20
How Evaluate our Beliefs

11. Identifying Ladder of Inference in
our mind
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These conclusions may not be
examined and may be false
?
?
?
?
?

12. Identifying Ladder of Inference in
our Mind
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13. 13 from 20
Strengthen of Dialog Skills

14. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
– Beliefs in one’s capabilities to organize and
14 from 20
execute the courses of action required to
produce given attainments
( )
– individuals with high self-efficacy work harder
and longer
( )

15. 15 from 20
A self-efficacious cat!

16. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
– Refers to the extent to which a person feels self-worth
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in a domain
– It indicates the degree to which an individual
likes herself/himself

17. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
17 from 20

18. 18 from 20
Narcissism

19. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
– the extent to which an individual perceives
him/herself to be interdependent with other
group members
( )
– the extent to which an individual perceives
her/himself to be independent from other
group members
19 from 20

20. Beliefs and Attitudes about Self
(cont.)
20 from 20