2. A model of organizational learning
A model of crisis construction
Why Hyundai???
Leader automaker on its own despite the global
shakeout
Increasing production more tan tenfold every decade
Largest automobile producer in a developing
country
3. 1. How to move from imitative ”learning by doing” to
innovative “learning by research”?
2. Difference between learning in catching-up process
in a developing country and a developed one?
3. Crisis construction is useful for OL?
4. Can these models be imitated?
5. Any implications?
17. Need to tacit & explicit knowledge
Elevating the level of ACAP
External or internal
18.
19. Pre-crisis era
Agreement with Ford
Transferring packaged technology
Training of Hyundai engineers
Results:
Translating explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge
Valuable migratory knowledge
Higher prior knowledge level
20. Phase 1 (Internal crisis in the absence of external crisis)
Complete plant construction in shortest time
Acquire a production capability in shortest time (For
production members)
Prior knowledge base
Intense interaction among the members
Reassembling cars for routinization
Intensity of effort
16 hours a day, seven days a week
21. Phase 2
Shift from assembly production to development of locally
designed cars (By government)
Assimilating the imported foreign technology ASAP
Prior Knowledge base
Studying all related literature
Licensing agreements with Italdesign & Mitsubihi
Approaching 26 firms to receive unpackaged sources
Hiring a manager to put knowledge together
Intensity of effort
Intensive interaction among members (in Italy)
22. Phase 3: Translating external crisis to internal
Oil crisis
Developing next generation FF car and tripling production
Prior knowledge base
Approaching Mitsubishi for licenses
Studying about CAM/CAD
Studying Catia package for expanding knowledge
Intensity of effort
14 months for internalizing literature
36 months of hard preparatory work
23. Phase 4: Internal Crisis
Becoming independent
Developing a state-of-the-art engine
Prior knowledge base
Opening R&D centers and doing research
Recruiting Korean-American engineers from US
Collecting all English & Japanese literature
Agreement with British Ricardo Engineering for technical training
Intensity of effort
Dividing taskforce to do research
14 months of trial & error before first prototype and 11 broken ones!
24.
25. Knowledge source and
complementarity
Experience
Source: Zahra & George (2002)
Competitive
Advantage
Strategic Flexibility
Innovation
Performance
Social
Integration
Mechanism
Regimes of
Appropriability
Absorptive Capacity
Activation
Triggers
Potential Realized
Acquisition
Assimilation
Transformation
Exploitation
26. 1. Catching-up firms in developing countries reverse
the sequence of R,D,E of advanced countries
2. Migratory knowledge that is available for catching-up
firms, gives rise to prior knowledge base
3. Crises were constructed proactively rather than
reactively
4. Past successes in transforming crises into creative
learning evoke the self-confidence that leads to
further risk-taking by crisis construction
27. Can Hyundai also use crisis construction for
pioneering?
Can catching-up firms in other countries emulate
Hyundai’s learning model?
What are the benefits and risks of internal crisis
against external ones?
Editor's Notes
در 1 نیازی به زبان نیست و با مشاهده، تقلید (imitation) تمرین (practise)، OJT دانش را فرا می گیرند پس یادگیری از طریق دانش به اشتراک گذاشته را سوشیالیزشن می گویند
در 4 به کمک فرآیندی های social (اجتماعی) مثل meeting و صحبت تلفنی. در این فرآیند با مرتب کردن، اضافه گردن، دسته بندی کردن و بازنویسی کردن می توان به علم جدیدی دست یافت