1. THE ENERGY
MªOlalla Espada and Fernando Pachón.
2. INDEX
Definition of energy Types of power sations
Units of energy Definition of power
Types of energy Units of measurement of
power
Energy sources
Definition of efficiency
Non-renewable energy
sources Wind turbines
Renewable energy sources
Definiton of power
stations
4. Units of energy
The International System (IS) measured energy in
joules (J) . Kilojoules (KJ) are used to express
larger quantities of energy :
1000 J = 1 KJ
Heat is measured in calories (cal). Kilocalories (Kcal)
are used for lager quantities of heat .
Calories and joules measure different units of heat:
1cal = 4.18J
5. Types of energy.
Mechanical energy : Radiant energy.
Thermal energy : Luminous energy.
Chemical energy : Nuclear energy.
Electric energy : Sound energy.
6. Mechanical energy.
It is the energy associated with the motion
and position of an object . So there are
two types of mechanical energy : KINETIC
ENERGY and POTENTIAL ENERGY.
Kinetic energy Potential energy
7. Kinetic energy
The Kinetic energy is the energy that
objects have when they are in motion.
There are many forms of kinetic energy :
vibrational (the energy due to vibrational
motion),rotational (the energy due to
rotational motion),and translational ( the
energy due to motion from one location to
another.
8. Potential energy
The potential energy is the energy that
objects have when they are moved from
their stable position of equilibrium. In
other words , It is the stored energy of
position possessed by an object .
9. Thermal energy
Thermal energy is generated and measured
by heat of any kind. It is caused by the
increased activity or velocity of molecules
in a substance.
10. Chemical energy
The chemical energy is the energy that is
stored in substances which can be released
or absorbed during chemical processes.It
is produced through reactions that occur in
chemical compounds.
11. Electrical
energy
It refers to the flow of power or the flow of
charges along a conductor to create energy.In
other words , electrical energy is the energy
associated with an electric current.
12. Radiant energy
Radiant energy is the energy of the
electromagnetic waves . The term is used
particularly when radiation is emitted by a
source into the surrounding
enviroment.Radiant energy may be visible or
invisible to the human eye.
13. Luminous
energy.
Luminous energy is a type of radiant energy
generated by the sun or artificial lights.
14. Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is the energy of an atomic
nucleus , which can be released by fusion
or fission or radioactive decay .
NUCLEAR FUSION NUCLEAR FISSION
15. Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two or more atomic nuclei join together, or "fuse", to form a single heavier nucleus.
Nuclear fusion is the process by which two
or more atomic nuclei join together to
form a sigle and heavier nucleus.
16. Nuclear fission
Nuclear fission is the process in which the
nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts
(lighter nuclei), often producing free
neutrons and photons, and releasing a very
large amount of energy.
17. Sound energy
Sound energy is the energy produced by
sound vibrations. These sound vibrations
cause waves of pressures.
18. Energy sources
Energy sources are natural resources that
provide different forms of energy. This
energy is transformed for specific uses.
20. Non-renewable energy
sources
Characteristics:
Non-renewable energy sources come from natural
resources that are limited.
They will disappear.
It causes enviromental problems that are difficult
to solve.
21. Non-renewable energy
sources.
Types :
Nuclear energy →
Coal →
Petroleum →
Natural gas →
22. Non-renewable energy sources
Nuclear energy :
Nuclear energy is the energy of an atomic
nucleus , which ca be released by fusion or
fission or radioactive decay.
Nuclear energy is transformed in nuclear
power stations by using fission energy.
25. Non-renewable energy
sources
The coal:
It is formed by the remains of plants that
were buried and transformed (fossilised) in
the absence of oxygen. It is classified
into four types : anthracite , bituminous
coal , lignite and peat .
The coal is used to generated energy .
26. Non-renewable energy
sources
Extraction of coal :
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Open-cast mines : when the coal is close to
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the surface .
Underground mines : when the mineral is
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28. Non-renewable energy
sources
The petroleum :
It is formed from the buried remains of
plants and animals that have decomposed
because of bacterial action .
Petroleum is expensive and difficult to
extract because it is usually deep
underground .To use the petroleum , it
must sufered the Fractional distillation.
29. Non-renewable energy sources
Petroleum (storage and transport)
The purified crude oil is stored in containers
Then it is transported by oil tankers or oil
pipelines.
Containers Oil tankers
30. Non-renewable energy sources
Natural gas :
Natural gas is a mixture of gases formed from
descomposed plants and animals . It contains
more than 70% methane .Natural gas is found in
underground gas fieldsand and in porous rocks.
It is transported by gas pipelines and It is used to
produce thermal and electrical energy. Natural
gas is extracted by drilling Gas pipelines
31. Non-renewable energies and the
environment
Most of the energy consumed in industrialised countries
comes from non-renewable energy sources .
This causes some enviromental problems :
Increased greenhouse effect
Acid rain
Oil spills
Nuclear waste
Rising water temperature
Atmospheric pollution
32. Renewable energy sources
Renewable energy comes from unlimited natural
resources.
Renewable energy sources include hydraulic
energy, solar energy, wind energy, marine
energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy
and municipal solid waste.
33. Renewable energy sources.
Hydraulic energy :
This is the mechanical energy produced by
the movement of water .There are
different forms to produce hydraulic
energy :by currents in the sea , by rivers
etc.
Hydraulic energy is transformed into
electricity in hydroelectric power
stations .
34. Renewable energy sources
Advantages of hydraulic energy :
It is a clean energy source , without
waste products and it is easy to store
and, It is also cheap.
35. Renewable energy sources.
Disadvantages of hydraulic energy :
The construction of hydroelectric plants is
expensive . Reservoirs also means the loss
of productive soil and fauna due to the
flooding of their habitat.
36. Renewable energy sources
Solar energy :
Solar energy means using the energy of sunlight to
provide electricity .
It can be used in various ways :
To produce hot water
To generate electrical energy using solar panels
To produce electrical energy in heliostat fields .
37. Renewable energy
sources
Advantages of solar energy :
It is clean
Big power stations are not needed.
It is unlimited .
38. Renewable energy
sources
Disadvantages of solar energy :
It is a variable source of energy .
Solar pannels are expensive .
39. Renewable energy
sources.
Wind energy :
It is the the energy from the wind used to
produced electricity. The wind energy is
produced by the effect of radiation on the
atmosphere .
Electricity is produced when the wind energy
causes the blades of a wind turbine to
move .
40. Renewable energy
sources .
Advantages of wind energy :
It is unlimited .
It is non-polluting
The coast of a wind farm is low .
41. Renewable energy sources
Disadvantages of wind energy :
It is a variable source of energy
Wind turbines are hazard for birds
Wind turbines produce noise pollution .
42. Renewable energy
sources .
Marine energy :
Marine energy refers to the energy carried
by ocean waves (waves energy), tides
(tidal energy) and ocean temperature
differences (ocean thermal energy) .
43. Renewable energy
sources.
Geothermal energy :
This energy comes from the heat stored in the
earth´s crust . Sometimes it appears naturally ,
for examples in geysers and volcanic eruptions .
44. Renewable energy sources .
Biomass :
This is produced from plant remains , forest
and agricultural waste . Biomass is used in
two ways :
To produce electricity
For the transformation into fuels.
45. Renewable energy sources .
Municipal solid waste :
It comes from the waste of domestic
activities , public buildings etc .
Electrical or thermal energy can be
generated from the incineration of these
wastes .
46. Power stations
Definition :
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A power station is an industrial facility for
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the generation of electric power .
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47. Power stations
Types of power stations :
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Hydraulic power station.
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Solar power stations.
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Nuclear power station.
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Thermal power station .
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Eolic power station.
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48. Hydraulic power station
A hydraulic power station generates
electricity by exploting the potencial
energy of water stored in a reservoir at a
higher altitude than the power station .
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50. Solar power station .
Solar energy is one of the most abundant natural
resouces . It is a clean and unlimited form of
energy .
In solar power plants the rays of the Sun are
concentrated into a single beam using lenses and
mirrors. So sun energy is transformed into
electricity .
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52. Nuclear power
stations
Nuclear power stations are a special kind of
thermoelectric plants , but they produce
heat thruogh the fission of uranium
atoms . Some power plants also use
plutonium , but these are less common
53.
54. Thermal power stations
These power plants generate electrical
energy from thermal energy .Heat is
generated by buring fossil fuels like coal ,
petroleum , or natural gas .
The heat generated by burning the fossil
fuels is used to turn a steam turbine
converts the mechanical energy of the
rotating turbine into electrical energy .
55.
56. Eolic power stations
Eolic power station converts kinetic energy
from the wind into mechanical energy .
Then , mechanical energy is convert into
electrical energy .
Eolic power stations use wind turbines which
t
are designed to exploit the wind energy
that exist at a location
57.
58. The power
The power of a machine is the quantity of
work it can do in a unit of time
Power is expressed in this formula :
P = w t
59. Units of measurement
P is power , measured in watts (W)
W is work , expressed in joules (J)
t is time , measured in seconds (s)
60. Efficiency
The real power of a machine is less than its
`theorical´ power . This is because friction and
vibration exist between the parts of the
machine, so it loses energy in form of heat .
Efficiency measures this loss of power
efficiency (%) = real power/theorical power ·100
61. Wind turbienes
Do you think wind turbine can produce fresh
water?
A French engineering firm has discovered another
eco-purpose for the wind turbines: To
produce water from humid air.
This is very important ,because this technology
could enable rural areas to become self-
sufficient in terms of water supply.
