What does “Islam” mean? The word الإسلام [Islam] is an infinitive word derived from س ل م [silm] root in if‘al pattern and used as noun and infinitive. The word silm means “release/keeping away; and to be distant from fear, doubt, trouble, lack of peace, unhappiness, fight, war, pain, suffering, material and spiritual inconveniences, weakness and decaying, and all the negativities.” This word is also the root of salim, selam, teslim, Islam etc. The word’s “Islam” form means “strengthening” [removal from problems, worries, fear, unhappiness, fights, wars, and similar negative things]. Hence, the religion Islam means the “the religion that strengthens humans [entire range of principles that protects and secures people by putting a distance between them and problems, worries, war, weakness, spiritual illness, unhappiness, and similar things].”

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SURAH AL-KAHF (THE CAVE)
MECCAN PERIOD
Division: 292
1-4All praise be upon Allah Who sent down upon His servants the Scripture as a
guardian to warn about the severe punishment of Him, and give the good tidings to
those believers who do good deeds that they shall have a beautiful reward for them to
stay within eternally and warn those who say, “Allah has begotten a child”; no one
else may be praised.
5Neither they nor their ancestors did have the knowledge that Allah begot a
child. How evil are the words spilling out of their mouths! They only lie.
6And you almost devastate yourself for they do not believe in the Qur’an!
(69/18; Al-Kahf/1-6)
Division: 293
7Surely, We adorned the Earth to test the mankind which of them will do good
deeds.
8And no doubt that We will make that which are on the Earth a barren land.
32And relate to them about two men as an example: We gave each of them two
vineyards of all kinds of grapes and surrounded the vines with date palms. And We
made between them a field for crops.
33And both vineyards yielded crops without any deficiency. And We split open
a riverbed/flowed a river between them.
34And owner of these two vineyards had other incomes. Therefore he said to
his friend: “I am exalted in both wealth and number of kinsmen”.
35,36And that man intruded his vineyard while treating himself unjustly: “I do
not think that this will vanish. And I do not believe that the Hour will come. And even
if I would assume that I was taken to my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the
Sustainer], I would certainly find a better consequence than this”.
37-41And his friend said to him: “Do you not believe the One Who created you
from soil and then a drop of liquid and made you a mature human? But as for me;
He is my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer], Allah. And I never
associate others with my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer].

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Why did you not say, when you entered your vineyard: “Will of Allah be done
[Masha’Allah]! There is no authority but Allah!” Although you consider me inferior
to you in terms of wealth and number of kinsmen, maybe my Rabb [Lord, the
Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] will give me a better one than your vineyard.
And maybe He will send a calamity upon yours so your vineyard becomes a slippery
soil. Or the waters you use to irrigate your vineyard will be drawn into the ground so
you will not be able to retrieve it”.
42,43And that man who owned those two vineyards was surrounded/ruined with
his wealth. Thereafter, he wringed his hands for the expenses he made to his
vineyard. His garden, alcove collapsed upon him and he was saying: “O woe to me!
If only I had not associated others with my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer,
the Sustainer]”. There were no helpers for him from the subordinates of Allah. And
he was not capable of avenging for himself/helping himself.
44Dominion/support, protection, guidance only come from Allah. He is the Best
in rewards and the Best in investigation.
45And relate them the simple worldly life as an example: The simple worldly
life is like the rain that We send down from the Heavens which makes plants
intertwine and it becomes stubbles scattered by the wind. And Allah prevails over all
things.
46Wealth and sons are adornment of the simple worldly life. Enduring good
deeds, on the other hand, are better in merit and in hope.
47And on the day when We will move mountains; you will see the Earth
barren/flat. We will gather them together. And We will not leave any of them behind.
48And they shall be lined before your Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer,
the Sustainer]: “Surely, you have come to US as We created you first. Indeed, you
have been superstitiously believing that We would not appoint a meeting for you”.
49And the Scripture/the book of deeds will be brought forth. You will see the
sinners fearing it. And they shall say: “O woe to us! What kind of book is this in
which everything, insignificant and significant, is recorded”. And they shall find
what they did brought forth before them. And your Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the
Nurturer, the Sustainer] will not treat anyone unjustly.
27And recite/follow what you are revealed in the Scripture of your Rabb [Lord,
the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]! No one can alter the words of your Rabb
[Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]. And you cannot seek refuge in His
subordinates

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28Have patience and make yourself among those who continuously ask for the
consent of their Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] and invoke
Him. Do not turn your stare away from them, desiring adornments of the simple
worldly life. And do not follow those hearts of whom We sealed/whom We made
apathetic; those transgressors who pursue their trivial-whimsical desires.
29And say: The Truth is from your Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the
Sustainer]. So whoever wishes so just believe and whoever wishes so just
deny/disbelieve consciously”. Surely, We prepared walls of fire that will encompass
those who do wrong by associating others with Allah; who act against their own
good. And when they wish for rain, a hot liquid that broils faces like the molten
metal will be rained upon them. O how an evil drink it is! How an evil place to seek
refuge/hide!
30Surely, as for those who believe and do righteous and good deeds; We surely
will not let the reward of those who do righteous deeds be lost.
31For them will be gardens of Eden beneath which rivers flow. They shall be
adorned with golden bracelets, sitting back on their chairs and wear clothes made of
thin and thick silken textiles. O how a beautiful reward it is! And how a beautiful
place to reside!283
(69/18; Al-Kahf/7-8, 32-49, 27-31)
Division: 294284
9Do you really think that the Companions of the Great Cave and the
Companions of Al-Raqim/the Companions of the Inscription are one of Our
evidence/signs?
10When those brave men took refuge in the Great Cave, they said: “O our Rabb
[Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]! Bestow upon us your mercy and
guide us in our affair in the right way”.
11Thereafter, We sealed their ears in that cave for many years.
12Then, We sent the Companions of Al-Raqim/the Companions of the
Inscription in order to determine/mark which of the two would calculate the extend
of the time period during which they remained there.
13-16We will narrate to you the news from the Companions of Al-Kahf and the
Companions Al-Raqim in truth. Surely, they were a few young men who believed in
their Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]. And We guided them
more: “Now that you have abandoned them and that which they worship besides
Allah, then seek refuge in that Great Cave so your Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the

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Nurturer, the Sustainer] may bestow upon you His mercy and facilitate your affairs
and prepare for you that which will avail you”.
14,15And when they stood up and said: “Our Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the
Nurturer, the Sustainer] is Rabb of the Heavens and the Earth. We never will invoke
His subordinates as gods otherwise we would speak nonsense. They, those who adopt
gods from among the subordinates of Allah are our people. Why could they not bring
manifest evidence about their gods? Who else can be more wrong; acting against
their own good than those who lie against Allah?”, We made their hearts firmer.
17And you will perceive that a favourable/positive result is received when a
research is done in accordance with the revelation and in a contrary situation a
meaningless deed is done. They lay on a wide open space there. This is among the
evidence/signs of Allah. Whomever Allah guides, he finds the righteous path he is
guided. And whomever Allah leads astray, you can never find the One Who would
guide for him.
18And if you had seen the Companions of Al-Raqim, you would have thought
that they were awake. Yet they were asleep. And We turned them to the right and the
left. And their dog extended their front paws to the entrance. If you knew about them
well, you would have fled from them in fear and awe.
19,20And We sent the Companions of Inscription to investigate among
themselves. A Speaker from among them said: “How long have you been here?”.
Others said: “We have been here for a day or a fraction of a day”. Others from
among the Companions of the Inscription said: “Your Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the
Nurturer, the Sustainer] knows better how long you have been here. Now send away
someone from among you with this silver coin of yours to buy and bring you
whatever food is cleaner at the bazaar. And make him treat politely so no one would
be aware of your very existence. Surely, people of the city would stone you to death
if they prevail over you or convert you into their religion/lifestyle. In that case, you
cannot reach the salvation eternally”.
21Then We made them find them to let them know that the promise of Allah is
the truth and there is no doubt about the Day of Qiyamat [Resurrection]. When they
were disputing among themselves about their affairs. They said: “Build a simple
structure over them. Their Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]
knows better about them”. And those who prevailed over their affairs said: “We will
certainly build over them masjids [places of persuasion/schools that would prove the
existence of Akhirat (Afterlife)]”.
“22-25They shall say: “They are three and the fourth one is their dog”. And they
shall say, throwing stones into the empty space [guessing inaccurately, unreliably,
fabricating]: “They are five and the sixth is their dog” and then “They are seven and

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the eighth is their dog” and then “They have been in their Great Cave for three
hundred years now”. And then they shall increase the number up to nine. Say:
“Indeed, My Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] knows better
their number”. Only a few people know about their number. Therefore, do not
dispute with others about that which is obvious about them and do not ask others
about them! And do not say about anything, “I will make it tomorrow without the
will of my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]”. And remember
Allah when you have gone astray and say: “I hope my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the
Nurturer, the Sustainer] will make me reach to that which is closer to the truth than
this”!
26Say: “Allah is the Most Knowing of how long have the Companions of the
Inscription been here”. Only for Him are the unseen, the unheard, the unfelt, the past
and the future of the Heavens and the Earth. O how good He sees and how good He
hears! For them, there are no helpers, guide, protectors from among the subordinates
of Allah. Allah will never take partners to His dominion whatsoever.
(69/18; Al-Kahf/9-13, 16, 14-26)
Division: 295
50And when We said to natural forces: “Prostrate and surrender to Adam” and
all of them but Iblis/thinking ability prostrated and surrendered. Iblis was one of the
invisible creatures/made of energy. Then he opposed to the command of his own
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]. Will you then adopt helpers,
guides, guardians from MY subordinates, from him and his descendants? Despite
them being your enemies? What an evil exchange it is for those who do wrong by
associating others with Allah; who act against their own good!
51I did not make them witness the creation of the Heavens and the Earth or to
their own creation and I have never adopted misguiders as assistants.
52And on that day, Allah will say: Now call My partners whom you have been
incorrectly believing”. Then they shall call them yet they shall not answer. And We
will place a curtain of fire between them.
53And the sinners will see the fire and certainly believe that they shall be
thrown into it. They shall not be able to find a place to escape either.
54And surely, We expounded the Qur’an with all kinds of examples. Yet man is
more of contentious.
55And when the righteous path [the scripture, the messenger] came to them,
they were prevented from believing and asking their Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the

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Nurturer, the Sustainer] for His forgiveness of their sins only because “practices of
the ancient had come to them or they had faced the punishment”.
56And We send messengers only as harbingers of good tidings and warners.
The infidels; those who consciously deny the Divinity of Allah and the fact that He is
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] struggle to
eliminate/invalidate the Truth with superstition. And they have ridiculed Our Ayat
and that with which they have been threatened.
57And who else can be more wrong/act more against their own good than those
who turn away from the Ayat of their Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the
Sustainer] despite being given the admonition/warned with them and forget
[abandon, do not pay attention] about what their both hands have sent/done before?
Surely, We have set over their hearts curtains and impaired their hearing so they
cannot understand the Qur’an completely. And even if you called them to the
righteous path, they would not follow the righteous path they are guided.
58Yet your Merciful Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] is
the Most Forgiving. If your Merciful Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the
Sustainer] seized them immediately for their sins, He would certainly have hastened
the punishment. Quite the opposite, there is a respite that is given to them. They shall
not find refuge in His subordinates.
59And these are the cities that We manipulated/destroyed when they did wrong
by associating others with Allah; acted against their own good! And We had
determined a time for them to be manipulated/destroyed.
(69/18; Al-Kahf/50-59)
Division: 296
60Once Moses said to his young boy: “I will not stop until I reach where two
wise men gather or I will travel for years”.
61And when they arrived at the place where “two wise men gathered”, they
both were relieved from their distress/troubles285. Then their distress/troubles were
removed with the help of the wise men.
62When they passed beyond that place, Moses said to his young boy: “Bring
our late morning meal; we have really got tired during our journey”.

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63The young boy said: “Have you ever seen/thought? When we took refuge
under that rock, I truly got rid of my distress/troubles, but my egoism held me from
mentioning it out. My distress/troubles surprisingly perished in the wise men”.
64Moses said: “That is what we are looking for!”. They immediately went back
following their tracks.
65Then they found one of Our servants upon whom We had bestowed Our
mercy and taught a knowledge.
66Moses said to him: “May I follow you so you may teach me what you have
been taught?”.
67,68And the wise and knowledgeable servant said: “Surely you would not be
able to bear with me. And how can you have patience for the knowledge which you
are not able to comprehend?”.
69Moses said: “Insha’Allah, you will find me as a patient one and I would not
oppose any of your affairs”.
70The wise and knowledgeable servant said: “Then, if you follow me never ask
me any questions about anything until I mention about it as an admonition”.
71Then, they both set out; and when they eventually embarked a ship, the wise
and knowledgeable servant damaged the ship. Moses said: “Have you
damaged/broken the ship to drown its passengers? That surely was a weird behavior
of you!”.
72The wise and knowledgeable servant said: “Have I not told you that ‘you
would not be able to bear with me’?
73Moses said: “Do not admonish me for what I have forgotten and give me a
hard time for my affairs!”.
74They set out again. Then they came across a young boy; the wise and
knowledgeable servant killed him immediately. Moses said: “Have you just killed a
soul for a reason other than to recompense a soul he killed? You surely have done an
incomprehensible [evil/horrible?] thing!”.
75The wise and knowledgeable servant said: “Have I not told you that ‘you
would not be able to bear with me’?”.
76Moses said: “Should I ask you about anything from now on, do not keep me
as your companion! I would not be offended if you send me away”.

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77Then they set out again. And when they arrived in a village, they asked
people of the village for food. But they refused to host them. Then they found a wall
that was about to collapse. The wise and knowledgeable servant made it stand tight.
Moses said: “Had you wished so, you could have asked for payment”.
78-82The wise and knowledgeable servant said: “This is our separation. Now I
will give you the interpretation of that which you could not have patience:
“As for the ship; that ship belonged to a few poor men who work at the sea. For
that reason, I intended to damage the ship.There was a king ahead of them who
seized all the beautiful, safe and sound ships by force.
As for the young boy; his parents were believers. And We feared lest he would
cause his parents transgress and make them blaspheme; consciously deny the
Divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the
Sustainer]. Then We wished that their Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the
Sustainer] would bestow them a second son who is better in purity and mercy.
As for the wall; it belonged to two young orphan boys and there was a treasure
beneath the wall. Their father was a good man. Therefore, -out of the mercy of your
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]- your Rabb [Lord, the
Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] willed them to reach maturity and discover
their treasure. And I did not fix that wall upon my own intent. This is the actual
interpretation of that upon which you could not have patience!”.
(69/18; Al-Kahf/60-82)
Division: 297286
83And they ask you about the Owner of Two Ages287. Say: “I will recite to you
a reminder/an admonition about him:
84Surely, We made the Owner of Two Ages dominate on the Earth and gave
him a reason for everything.
85Then he followed a reason.
86And when he arrived at the place where the revelation [wahy] sets, he found
it sinking into a dark clay [divine principles were removed from the life]. He also
found a people by it. We said: “O Dhul Qarnayn! You either punish them or treat
them nicely”.
87,88He said: “Whoever does wrong by associating others with Allah; acts
against his own good, we will punish him; then he will be returned to his Rabb
[Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] and He punishes him with an

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unprecedented punishment. However, whoever believes and does good deeds, he will
be recompensed in the best way. And we will command him with an easy duty”.288
89Then the Owner of Two Ages followed a reason.
90Then he arrived at the place where the revelation [wahy] rises. He found it
rising over a people. We had made for them a shield out of the knowledge that is not
revelation.
91Thus it was! And We had encompassed that which was beside him in terms
of knowledge.289
92Then the Owner of Two Ages followed another reason.
93And when he arrived between two covenants, he found a people from among
the subordinates of the two communities [Meccan and Medinan], who were not able
to understand a word [Khyber Jews].
94The people who were not able to understand a word [Khyber Jews] said: “O
the Owner of Two Ages! The Raiders 290 and their commander [Muhammad and his
army] are indeed mischief-makers on these lands [they have no knowledge on
agriculture, waste the lands]. Therefore, should we grant you a tribute on the
condition that you draw a covenant between them and us?”.
95The Owner of Two Ages said: “The authority upon which my Rabb [Lord,
the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] has established me is better. Now help me
with your strength so I may draw a strong covenant/treaty between them and you.
Bring me the texts containing your offerings which you have contemplated with your
wisdom”.
96And when the target was level: “Prepare the covenant/treaty!”. And when the
covenant/treaty was ready, he said: “Bring it so I may sign it”.
97Then the people who were not able to understand a word [Khyber Jews]
could not pass over the covenant/treaty nor break it.291
98The Owner of Two Ages said: “This strong covenant/treaty is a mercy from
my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]. And when the promise of
my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] arrives, He will make it
flat. The promise of my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] is the
Truth”.
(69/18; Al-Kahf/83-98)
Division: 298

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99And on the Day of Qiyamat [Resurrection], We will let those who associate
others with Allah surge over each other like waves. And the Sûr will be blown. Thus
We will gather together those who associate others with Allah.
100,101And on that day, We will expand Jahannah [Hell] for those infidels whose
eyes are curtained from My Ayat which remind Me and who could not heed the
revelation; those who consciously deny the Divinity of Allah and the fact that He is
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer].
102Do those infidels; those who consciously deny the Divinity of Allah and the
fact that He is Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] really think
that they may adopt helpers, guides, guardians from among My subordinates? Surely,
We prepared Jahannah [Hell] as a hosting feast (!) for the infidels; those who
consciously deny the Divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb [Lord, the
Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer].
103Say: “Should we inform about those who are the greatest losers in relation
with their deeds? 104They are the ones whose efforts are wasted while they assume
that they have produced artificial beauty”.
105They were the ones who used to deny the Ayat of their Rabb [Lord, the
Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] and consciously refuse/disbelieve to meet
Him so all their efforts have been wasted. On the Day of Qiyamat [Resurrection], We
will not take them into account/assess them.
106In Jahannah [Hell] will be their punishment for their blasphemy; their denial
of the Divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the
Nurturer, the Sustainer] and for ridiculing My Ayat and messengers.
107,108Surely, for those who believe and do good deeds will be the gardens of
Eden as a gift. They shall not desire to leave there.
109Say: “If the seas were ink for writing the words of my Rabb [Lord, the
Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer], the sea would deplete before the words of my
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer], even if we supplied it as
much again”.
110Say: “I am only a man as you are. I have only been revealed that your God is
just one God. Then, whoever wishes to meet his Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the
Nurturer, the Sustainer] he must do good deeds and he must not worship and
associate others with his Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]”.
(69/18; Al-Kahf/99-110)

11. 11
283 We reorganized these Ayat of the Surah Al-Kahf, which is the 18th Surah in the
Official Mushaf, differently.
284 The parables of the Companions of Al-Kahf and the Companions of Al-Raqim are
scientific experiments to prove the veracity of the Akhirat [Afterlife]. Another matter to consider
before starting to read the passage is that not only the Companions of Al-Kahf but also the
Companions of Al-Raqim are mentioned in the parable. Therefore, some of the pronouns used in the
passage are attributed to the Companions of Al-Kahf while the rest are attributed to the Companions
of Al-Raqim. As can be understood from the text of the Ayat, in this section of the Surah mentioned
are an event that had not yet occurred at the time when the Qur’an was revealed but would occur
many centuries later; the fact that the mankind will not perish but when the time has come, scattered
cells will be gathered and formed; and persons and events that will scientifically prove the veracity of
Akhirat [Afterlife]. For detailed information thereof, see Tabyeen-al-Qur’an..
.
285 We have provided information on the term hut which is mentioned in the Ayah under
the Footnote No. 14 and stated that the term hut means “distress/depression”. The matter that
distresses Moses is his anxiety about the task of killing Pharaoh and leading Israelites out of Egypt
when he was assigned. In this parable, Moses learns how he would fulfill this task successfully and
that those who wage against Allah must be killed; therefore, why he must kill Pharaoh.
286 In this passage, Muhammad the Messenger is introduced with a different narrative
style via utilization of various advanced figures of speech. The events mentioned herein had not yet
occurred when these Ayat were revealed. When the myth of Dhul-Qarnayn was asked, a historical
narration of Dhul-Qarnayn was given. This passage is a miracle in this respect. We studied this matter
in Tabyeen al-Qur’an in detail. The literal meaning of the passage is as follows: “ They ask You about
Dhul-Qarnayn. Say: “I will recite an admonition/a reminder from Him: Surely, We gave him [Dhul-
Qarnayn] dominion in the world and reasons to follow for every matter. Then he followed a reason.
And when he arrived at the place where the sun sets, he found it [the sun] sinking into a dark clay.
And he also found a people close by. We said: “O Dhul-Qarnayn! Either punish them or treat them
nicely”. He said: “Whoever does evil deeds we surely punish him; Then he will be returned to his
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] and will be punished with an unprecedented
punishment. But whoever believes and does good deeds; he will be recompensed in the best way. And
we will command him an easy task”. Then he [Dhul-Qarnayn] followed another reason. And he
arrived at the place where the sun rises. He found it [the sun] rising over a people. Then We had
made a shield for them from the subordinate of it [the sun]. Thus was it! And We had encompassed
that which was beside it with science. Then he [Dhul-Qarnayn] followed another reason. When he
arrived between two walls, he found a people from among the subordinates of the two clans who
could barely understand a word. They [the people who could barely understand a word] said: “O
Dhul-Qarnayn! Surely, Gog and Magog are mischief-makers on these lands. Then should we give you
a tribute so [on the condition that] you may set a wall between them and us?”. He [Dhul-Qarnayn]
said: Then the possibilities he had within himself were better. Now help me with your strength so I
may set a very strong wall between them and you. Bring me the iron blocks/the texts of negotiation
that you have prepared with your wisdom”. And when two hills/targets were level, he said: “Blow!”.

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And when he made it [the iron] into fire [melted], he said: “Bring me water so I may pour unto it”.
Then they [the people who could barely understand a word] could not be able to overcome nor pierce
it [the firmly made covenant]. He [Dhul-Qarnayn] said: “This [the firmly made covenant] is a mercy
from my Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer]. And when the promise of my Rabb
[Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] arrives, it will destroy it. And the promise of my
Rabb [Lord, the Cherisher, the Nurturer, the Sustainer] is the Truth”.
In our interpretation, We gave the direct meanings of otherwise metaphorical narrations.
287 The fact that Muhammad (P.B.U.H.) owned two ages can be explained in two ways:
A) The reason may be that his emigration fromMecca to Medina was accepted as the beginning of the
Islamic calendar. Therefore, his life was divided into two eras, namely “Before Hijra” and “After
Hijra”; in the same fashion as the use of the terms “Before Christ” and “Anno Domini”. B) He could
have been considered of the owner of Mecca, where the sun [revelation] rises, and Medina, where –
according to the expression given in the passage – the sun sets.
288 Here, presidency of Muhammad in Medina and the covenant he made with the native
community [The Certificate of Medina] is dealt with.
289 In this paragraph, emigration of Muhammad to the city he was revealed [to Mecca-
Hudaybiyyah] and the covenant he made there is dealt with.
290 It is stated that the terms Gog and Magog are not Arabic. According to various studies
that have been conducted to determine the etymology of non-Arabic terms mentioned in the Qur’an,
these two terms - as with Harut and Marut – were borrowed from a foreign language [Greek] and
integrated into the Arabic language. Another point of interest is that these terms were integrated into
Arabic with words that remind such words as “destroy, loot, devastate, etc.”.
According to the Holy Bible and the Bible and the Qur’an, the common features of Gog and
Magog are being raiders and invaders. Therefore, the power that comes to mind when these two terms
are uttered must be the power of an army. In such case, Gog is the “commander” and Magog are his
“soldiers”.
From this viewpoint, it can be said that the commander [Muhammad] who invaded Kyber and
his companions [Sahaba] were Gog and Magog to the people of Kyber.
In the 94th Ayah, – in the literal meanings of the terms – the people who could barely
understand a word/defy laws/rules speak to Dhul-Qarnayn as if addressing a third party, saying: O
Dhul-Qarnayn! Surely, Gog and Magog are mischief-makers on these lands. Since it has not been
studied in detail, this dialog that is mentioned in the Ayah is misinterpreted. In fact, the people who
could barely understand a word/defy laws-rules do not address Dhul-Qarnayn as you and your army
are mischief-makers on these lands, instead they use a more polite and diplomatic style and in a
sarcastic manner, saying O Dhul-Qarnayn! Surely, Gog and Magog are mischief-makers on these
lands.
291 Here the preparation stage and content of the Khyber Treaty is dealt with. Detailed
information thereof can be found in history books, which deal with this subject and Tabyeen al-
Qur’an.