EU climate change mitigation and adaptation plan

1. Outline
The European Union Climate Change Mitigation and
Adaptation Plan Climate Change: Threats
The EU’s ambition: Limiting climate change
NSTDA Annual Conference on to 2ºC
Science and Technology for our Society and Planet The European Union Policy
EU Cooperation with partner countries
Veronique Lorenzo
Counsellor
European Union Delegation to Thailand
29 March 2010
Climate Change: The scientific evidence
a threat for our planet
IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007:
Global atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4
and N2O have increased markedly as a result of
human activities since 1750.
Increases in CO2 are due primarily to fossil fuel use
and land-use change, increases in CH4 and N2O are
primarily due to agriculture.
Most of the observed increase in globally averaged
temperatures since the mid-20th century is very
likely due to the observed increase in
anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations
The policy response :
The global objective a two tracks approach
1. Mitigation: Limit the emissions of GHGs
Limiting global average temperature
increase to 2ºC compared to pre-industrial 2. Adaptation: Cope with the inevitable impacts of
levels climate change
The heart of the EU political programme:
• Lisbon strategy for growth and employment
• Technological innovation
• Research and development
• Competitiveness
• Energy security

2. GHGs emissions mitigation
The EU Climate Change
and Energy Package
Moving towards a low-carbon economy January 2007: fully integrated policy package covering both
climate change and energy policies:
“Limiting Global Climate Change to 2° The way ahe ad
C:
Conserve energy (energy-efficient equipments, systems, for the EU and the World for 2020 and beyond”
buildings) and use all renewable energies in all sectors
“An Energy Policy for Europe”
Appropriate energy infrastructure investment decisions,
which have long term effects on emissions January 2008: the Climate Change and Energy Package:
Changes in lifestyle and behaviour patterns, especially in 20% GHG reduction compared to 1990 (unilateral commitment)
building, transport and industrial sectors 30% GHG reduction compared to 1990 (In the context of
Better management of land use (deforestation) international agreement)
Effective carbon price signal to create incentives to invest in 20% share of renewable energy in the overall energy
low-GHG products, technologies and processes consumption
20% increase in energy efficiency by 2020
Appropriate incentives for development and transfers of
technologies Legislation agreed in December 2008
Entry into force: 25 June 2009
The EU ETS’s extended
The Package at a glance scope
cross-sectoral technology specific &
targets & instruments product policies Scope 2005-2012:
large industrial
installations & Sectors: Power generation and industrial sectors (steel and iron,
aviation Carbon capture and cement, lime, ceramics, paper, glass)
storage Directive
EU ETS Gases: CO2, opt-in of N2O
Renewable Extended scope as from 2013:
Energy Directive
New sectors: Aluminium, basic chemicals production and aviation
(from 2012)
Fuel Quality Directive
New gases: PFC from aluminium production, N2O from certain
Effort chemicals production
“small Sharing Possible inclusion of maritime transport if no agreement in the
sources” Decision CO2& Cars
International Maritime Organisation
Primary feature of the new ETS: Harmonised Allocation
A robust EU-wide cap
Rules
Auctioning is default allocation method
For the power sector as from 2013 (>50% of allowances)
Gradient: -1.74% Limited derogation available for 10 new MS
Transitional free allocation
Benchmarks (average of 10% most efficient installations in (sub)sector)
General benchmark approach (one product – one benchmark)
-21% vs 2005
Allocations determined ex-ante, no ex-post adjustment
Taking into account most efficient techniques, high efficiency
cogeneration, efficient energy use of waste gases etc
Phasing out free allocation for sectors not exposed to risk of
carbon leakage
80% in 2013 – 30% in 2020 – 0% in 2027
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
Linear factor to be reviewed by 2025 Free allocation for sectors proned to “Carbon leakages”
Aviation to be included; will change figures correspondingly, but cap not reduced
Disclaimer: all figures are provisional and do not account for new sectors in third period

3. Credits from third countries
EU Effort Sharing Decision
Role of offset credits
Provide additional means to comply with targets within the EU ~ 60% of the EU GHG emissions
Build capacity for cap-and-trade in less developed countries – Implementation through national and EU
but at least 50 % of reduction effort compared to 2005 needs to
be within the EU measures (energy efficiency standards, CO2 &
cars, energy labeling of equipment and
Quality appliances)
Projects should bring real emission reductions and benefits to
sustainable development
Key elements:
The Commission and the Member States can decide that credits Binding annual targets in 2013-2020
from certain types of projects are not to be accepted for Strict reporting obligations for Member States
compliance purposes in the EU ETS
Take account of international agreement and reform of CDM
Annual compliance check for period 2013-2020
Member States subject to corrective action if non-
compliance
Principles determining
Climate Change
national targets Adaptation
NOT based on marginal abatement costs/reduction
potentials, but:
Principle of fairness and growth
National emission reduction targets determined as a function of
GDP/capita for Member States (MS)
MS with high GDP/capita to reduce emissions (in relation to
2005 emissions)
MS with low GDP/capita may increase emissions
Average reduction for EU27 in Non ETS is -10% by
2020 compared to 2005:
No reduction of more than 20%
No increase of more than 20%
Climate Change Working together!
Adaptation
April 2009: White Paper for Adaptation
Measures and Policies Lack of capacity in developing
Solid scientific and economic analysis for countries to deal with the changes
decision making Historical responsibility from
Information exchange developed countries
Mainstreaming adaptation ODA at risks
National and regional approaches
EU unilateral action will not solve the
climate issue!

4. Cooperation with developing Thailand – EC Cooperation
countries on Climate change
Thailand EC Cooperation Facility II
advance Thailand's constructive dialogue and cooperation with
Mainstreaming Climate Change the European Union in the field of science and technology and
also environment, climate change and energy
Impacts of the project on CC Demand-driven approach: competitive Calls for Proposals
Policy Support Component through Technical Assistance
Impacts of CC on the project
1 Call for Proposals with ONE deadline on 25 May
Stand alone programmes 2010 with total EU funding of €2.4 million.
Policy Support Component through Technical
Environmental projects/programmes to Assistance
respond to the problem of climate change
For more information on the CfP, consult the
Guidelines for Applicants:
http://www.deltha.ec.europa.eu/home.htm
Thailand – EC Cooperation Thailand – EC Cooperation
on Climate change on Climate change
SWITCH Programme Scoping study for capacity building needs for MRV
of GHG emissions and mitigation activities
Promotion of Sustainable Consumption & a) exploring the needs of developing countries as regards
Production in Asia monitoring, reporting and verification of emissions and the
development of greenhouse gases mitigation actions, and
Thailand Policy Support Component (2 b) providing concrete recommendations on the structure
and elements of a capacity building program to be
Million €) – under preparation in implemented between 2011 and 2013-2014.
cooperation with NESDB
Thailand via the Thailand Greenhouses Gas Organisation
(TGO) has expressed interest in participating
Thailand – EC Cooperation Conclusions
on Climate change
7th Framework Programme (FP7): Climate Change: an opportunity!
Funding of € 53 billion during 2007-2013
Articulated along 5 Programmes Comprehensive and global action is
opportunities for collaborative research in several crucial
key thematic areas including Environment and
Climate change (€1.9 billion earmarked) Financing for mitigation and adaptation
Call for Proposals essential
NSTDA is the focal point for Thailand
EU’s commitment to multilateral
Official FP7 website:
http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html negotiations is intact!

5. Thank you!
For more information:
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/clima
t/climate_action.htm
Delegation of the European Union to
Thailand