Assignment : Respond to at least two of your colleagues who were assigned a different disorder than you. 1. Compare the differential diagnostic features of the disorder you were assigned (Alcohol-Related Disorders) to the diagnostic features of the disorder your colleagues were assigned. 2. What are their similarities and differences?  3. How might you differentiate the two diagnoses?  4.   Support your responses with evidence-based literature with at least two references in each colleague’s response with proper citation in APA Format. Colleagues Response # 1 Diagnostic Criteria for Hallucinogen-Related Disorders  Phencyclidine (PCP) use disorder is characterized by a pattern of use that leads to extreme dysfunction, occurs within 12 months and is manifested by at least two of the following: more PCP is taken or taken for longer than intended; continuous want or inability to control use; much time is spent obtaining, using or recovering from PCP; strong urge to use PCP; PCP use resulting in inability to carry out responsibilities at work, school or home; continuing to use PCP despite persistent dysfunctional social or interpersonal problems secondary to the effects of PCP; abandonment or decreased attendance of activities secondary to PCP use; continuous use despite it being unsafe; continued PCP use despite having a physical or psychological problem caused by PCP; tolerance as evidenced by need for more amount of PCP to reach desired effect and/or a decrease effect when using the same amount (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013).  Other Hallucinogen Use Disorder has the same diagnostic criteria as phencyclidine use disorder except the substance is a hallucinogenic other than phencyclidine (APA, 2013).    Psychotherapy and Psychopharmacologic Treatment for Hallucinogen use disorder  Hallucinogens can have acute and chronic adverse reactions.  An acute reaction that can occur is intoxication.  When intoxication occurs it causes perceptual and dysfunctional behavioral changes as well as physiological symptoms, such as palpitations, tremors, incoordination, sweating, tachycardia and blurred vision (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014).  The initial treatment is called the “talk down” technique; it is when a provider offers reassurance in a calm and supportive tone telling the patient that the symptoms are drug induced and will be over soon (Gabbard, 2014).  If medications are needed in acute intoxication, benzodiazepines can be administered (Gabbard, 2014).  If the patient does not respond to the benzodiazepine, an antipsychotic can be administered (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014).  Antipsychotics must be used with caution secondary to their ability to lower the seizure threshold (Gobbard, 2014).    A chronic adverse reaction can occur when psychosis or delirium continues from weeks to years after use (Gobbard, 2014).  The continuation of symptoms should alert providers to perform a psychiatric assessment.  Oftentimes, prol.

1. Assignment
:
Respond
to at least
two
of your colleagues who were assigned a different disorder than
you.
1. Compare the differential diagnostic features of the disorder
you were assigned
(Alcohol-Related Disorders)
to the diagnostic features of the disorder your colleagues were
assigned.
2. What are their similarities and differences?
3. How might you differentiate the two diagnoses?
4.
Support your responses with evidence-based literature with at
least two references in each colleague’s response with proper
citation in APA Format.
Colleagues Response # 1

2. Diagnostic Criteria for Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
Phencyclidine (PCP) use disorder is characterized by a pattern
of use that leads to extreme dysfunction, occurs within 12
months and is manifested by at least two of the following: more
PCP is taken or taken for longer than intended; continuous want
or inability to control use; much time is spent obtaining, using
or recovering from PCP; strong urge to use PCP; PCP use
resulting in inability to carry out responsibilities at work,
school or home; continuing to use PCP despite persistent
dysfunctional social or interpersonal problems secondary to the
effects of PCP; abandonment or decreased attendance of
activities secondary to PCP use; continuous use despite it being
unsafe; continued PCP use despite having a physical or
psychological problem caused by PCP; tolerance as evidenced
by need for more amount of PCP to reach desired effect and/or a
decrease effect when using the same amount (American
Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Other Hallucinogen Use
Disorder has the same diagnostic criteria as phencyclidine use
disorder except the substance is a hallucinogenic other than
phencyclidine (APA, 2013).
Psychotherapy and Psychopharmacologic Treatment for
Hallucinogen use disorder
Hallucinogens can have acute and chronic adverse reactions.
An acute reaction that can occur is intoxication. When
intoxication occurs it causes perceptual and dysfunctional
behavioral changes as well as physiological symptoms, such as
palpitations, tremors, incoordination, sweating, tachycardia and
blurred vision (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014). The initial
treatment is called the “talk down” technique; it is when a
provider offers reassurance in a calm and supportive tone telling
the patient that the symptoms are drug induced and will be over
soon (Gabbard, 2014). If medications are needed in acute

3. intoxication, benzodiazepines can be administered (Gabbard,
2014). If the patient does not respond to the benzodiazepine, an
antipsychotic can be administered (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz,
2014). Antipsychotics must be used with caution secondary to
their ability to lower the seizure threshold (Gobbard, 2014).
A chronic adverse reaction can occur when psychosis or
delirium continues from weeks to years after use (Gobbard,
2014). The continuation of symptoms should alert providers to
perform a psychiatric assessment. Oftentimes, prolonged
reactions occur as a result of psychiatric illness, continuous use
of hallucinogens or poor premorbid adjustment (Gobbard,
2014). The pharmacological treatment remains the same for
long-term reaction as an acute reaction; antipsychotic drugs
(Gobbard, 2014).
Evidence based psychotherapeutic approach for hallucinogen
use disorder is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (McKay,
2020). It is a widely used approach for many substance use
disorders (SUDs). CBT assists patients with SUDs by helping
them change their cognitive beliefs and behaviors that make
them susceptible to use (McKay, 2020). It allows individuals
with SUDs to gain more of an understanding of their triggers,
behaviors and the reasons for them (McKay, 2020). It also
teaches them effective coping skills and motivates them to
believe they have the ability to change (McKay, 2020).
Clinical Features Observed in a client with Hallucinogen use
disorder
Expected observations in a client with hallucinogen use disorder
include making excuses to use hallucinogens, such as a way to
deal with stress; deciding to use hallucinogens instead of going
to work or attending other obligations; continuing to use despite
failing interpersonal relationships; feeling unwell when not
using hallucinogens; an unkempt appearance; increased

4. isolation from family and friends; continued use of
hallucinogens despite palpitations and known tachycardia;
feeling less effects of hallucinogens when using the same
amount and becoming increasingly irritable. These clinical
features align with the DSM-5 criteria mentioned above.
Colleagues Response # 2
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is diagnosed in persons who misuse
and abuse opiates to the point that they lose control and
continue to use despite continuously incurring significant
negative effects and other related problems. Substance use
disorders are complicated psychiatric conditions, and not a
moral failing (Sadock, Sadock & Ruiz, 2014). What turns
voluntary use into the obsessive-compulsive use is a change in
the structure and neurochemistry of the brain. It is quite easy
to become addicted to opiates as they are the drug of choice
given by doctors worldwide for the relief of pain.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a psychosocial therapy
that has been found to be very effective in treating Substance
Use Disorder (SUD) relative to standard drug counseling in
promoting abstinence from OUD (Barry et al., 2019).
Methadone is the pharmacological treatment of choice used for
detoxing those who suffer with OUD. Clonidine, Bentyl and
Ibuprofen are also used as comfort medications. Methadone
along with Buprenorphine can also be used for maintenance
therapy for those requiring medication-assisted therapy to
continue with long-term sobriety. Naloxone or Narcan is used
in emergency cases of overdosing. Naloxone is sprayed into the
nostrils to knock the opiate off its receptors thus reversing the
effects of the narcotics and restoring consciousness and
respirations.

5. Physical manifestations of those with OUD include itching, dry
mouth, facial flushing, and heaviness of extremities hence the
nodding effect or the look that they are about to tip over.
Respiratory depression, pupillary constriction, and constipation
are also associated with OUD. Characteristics of those with the
disorder involve impaired control, persistent drug-seeking
behavior, social impairment, and recurrent substance use may
result in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work,
school, or home (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).