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Signals and Systems: Energy and Power Signals
- 1. SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS Topic: Energy and Power Signals
- 2. What is a Signal? • Signal is a time varying physical phenomenon which is intended to convey information. • Signal is a function of time. • Signal is a function of one or more independent variables, which contain some information. • Example: voice signal, video signal, signals on telephone wires etc. • Note: Noise is also a signal, but the information conveyed by noise is unwanted hence it is considered as undesirable.
- 3. Types Of Signals • Continuous-Time Signal and Discrete-Time Signal • Deterministic and Random Signal • Periodic Signal and aperiodic Signal • Even and Odd Signal • Energy Signal & Power Signal
- 4. Energy Signals • A signal can be categorized into energy signal or power signal: • An energy signal has a finite energy, 0 < E < ∞. • In other words, energy signals have values only in the limited time duration. • For example, a signal having only one square pulse is energy signal. • A signal that decays exponentially has finite energy, so, it is also an energy signal. • The power of an energy signal is 0, because of dividing finite energy by infinite time (or length).
- 5. Power Signals • A Power signal has finite power , 0 < P < ∞. • A power signal is not limited in time. • It always exists from beginning to end and it never ends. • For example, sine wave in infinite length is power signal. • The power of an energy signal is 0, because of dividing finite energy by infinite time (or length).
- 6. Significance of energy and power signals • Energy is a measure of how much work can be done without any consideration of how long it takes to accomplish the work. Power is the measure of how quickly the work is done so it is a time- dependent function • The difference between energy and power is that power may be measured at any point in time, while energy has to be measured during a certain time period such as a second or an hour. • If work is the transfer of energy, power is the rate at which energy is being transferred from one object to another or converted from one form into another. • Within a system the amount of energy is constant. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. However, It can be transferred from one form to another.
- 7. IMPORTANT POINTS • A signal cannot be both, energy and power simultaneously. Also, a signal may be neither energy nor power signal. • Generally periodic signals are power signals. • Generally aperiodic signals are energy signals. • Power of energy signal = 0 • Energy of power signal = ∞