Cougars Creative Writing

Cougars Creative Writing
4th Quarter
"3rd and 10 on the Dragons 40 yard line, 20 seconds to go. 10 to 7 Dragons are leading, timeout
Cougars as they talk things over." Hi I'm Ryan Hobbes, I bet you're wondering what is happening.
Well I play for the Cougars varsity high school football team in New York. I'm in 11th grade and I
want to go all the way. Anyway off of me, I'm in a game right now versus our rival team the
Dragons. I'm the top wide receiver on our team, but I have not gotten a lot of action this game. It's a
close game and I am listening to my coach in the timeout as he is very confident in us. "The
Cougars come back onto the field in their huddle. They have two tight ends, two wide receivers, and
a running back. The ball is snapped quickly,
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White Tail Deer Research Paper
Habitat
The White–tail deer can often be found all over southern Canada and most parts of the United
States. Their range extends throughout Central America to Bolivia. This sophisticated animal's
habitat range is usually less than a square mile. Some of the White–tail deer's habitats include
grasslands, prairies and plains, mountains, and forests. These deer prefer a more sheltered habitat;
they often reside in forests, including hardwoods, coniferous, and tropical forests. However they
may reside in forests such as tropical forests for a more sheltered habitat. The White–tale deer can
adapt to their many habitats and they have incredibly strong muscles in their leg that allow them to
run up to speeds such as 30 miles per hour! This is quite an advantage when it comes to running
from predators. The White–tail deer has quite simple needs for a healthy life. Shelter from harmful
weather or predators, food and water, and the space to find food and water, and to attract a mate.
White Tailed Deer Fun facts!
It is able to make vertical leaps over two and a half metres and horizontal leaps of nine metres
They can run at speeds up to 58 miles per hour
They are the most common large mammals in North America
They use their tail to communicate with other deer
Since the Deers eyes are on the side of its head it has a 310 degree vision without moving ... Show
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They do this to adapt to the colour of the current season they are in. This can benefit in many ways
such as camouflage or hide from predators. The White–tails deer is an important part of the
environment as it is a good food source for bobcats, panthers, and coyotes. Another extremely
important role in the environment they play is eating invasive plant species since they are
herbivores. If the White–tail deer was to be taken out of the ecosystem, a lot of these plants would
invade or

Pros And Cons Of Elk Hunting
Do you like elk hunting? Have you ever been?
First of all you should know there are different hunter options. You can hunt with a guide which will
help you, hunt with friends, or just hunt alone. It depends on the person on which one you would
want to do. There are tons of pros and cons of hunting alone and with a guide. Either way you will
have a great experience!! I'm going to tell you the pros and cons of each of these.
Hunting Hunting with a guide can offer many benefits.
Pros
Scouting is done for you: No need to travel pre–season to scout, unless you just want to get a feel
for the terrain prior to the hunt
Access to private lands via guide and guide–contacts
High success rates: Depending on the guide, success rates for elk hunting with a guide are ... Show
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Can be overwhelming if you're not fully prepared.
What happens if you were to get ill or be in an accident? There is safety in numbers.kk kk kkkkk
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Hunting with friends is a great idea. Most of the time when hunters go hunting they will take
someone with them to witness and help spot elk. You can use your assistance to help you in many
different ways. Most hunters will bring friends with them to witness and help with the hunt. You can
use your assistance by having them call in your elk so you can be ready to shoot the elk when it
comes around. Your helpers can set up your tree stand, help find a good place to hunt and so much
more. You can bring as many people as you want hunting with you. Just remember to tell them not
to be too loud. Your helpers should know the safety of hunting before going with you. You can call
fish and wildlife to know everything you need to know before

Essay on Hardships Facing the Gray Wolf Population
An eerie howl fills the air; it bellows over the darkened valley floor. A majestic show of fur and fang
dance behind a herd of deer leaping through blanketed snow. Within a second, gunshots echo; and a
fallen beauty lays unmoving, painting the snow beneath a deep red. In the past, with little
understanding and an abundance of anger, humans in North America have caused much change to
the gray wolf's life. Alterations in habitat, behavior, diet, and human measures for control have
created a multitude of hardships for the gray wolf population. Encroachment from human settlers
has caused dramatic adjustments in the gray wolf's habitat and behavior. Since the beginning of
colonization in America, the gray wolf's territories have been ... Show more content on
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These conditions forced packs of gray wolves to retreat away from their known territory into other
gray wolves habitat, causing blood soaked battles to ensue. The only alternative was for them to
change their behavior, and try to coexist with their new human company. As main food sources
diminished due to human hunting, the gray wolf found it more difficult to have a successful hunt.
Hunters began taking the wolves main food sources, which forced the wolves to expand their daily
search for prey. This caused wolves to venture near human settlements more often, looking for some
kind of nourishment. With humans and wolves vying for many of the same food sources, wolves
found slow and trusting farm animals a much easier target. Sheep and cattle were believed to be a
new staple for the gray wolf diet. Although in reality, only in very rare circumstances were livestock
hunted for meals by gray wolves. Many embellished the situation and persuaded people gray wolves
were a threat. A menace not only to livestock, but also humans; moreover that action needed to be
taken.
The fabricated lies spread by people caused many to take barbaric steps toward what they believed
necessary control of wolves. Wanting more profit for themselves, greedy hunters looked for an easy
way to get rid of competition. Using traps, hunters started catching wolves for their pelts, which
they could sell for money. Hunting wolves also

The Necessity of Legalizing Wolf Hunting in Wisconsin Essay
Over the past several years, the gray wolf, native to the Wisconsin area, has been listed federally as
an endangered species due to the graphic and horrific treatment they had received during the
industrialization periods of America, when they were frowned upon and hated because they are
predatory creatures and did, on occasion, attack livestock and pets. Because the government was
encouraging the hunting, including bounties for the animals, the wolves were hunted to near
extinction. However, now Wisconsin faces a new problem. With the reintroduction of the wolves to
the state, and their continued endangered status federally, the population has increased well beyond
expectations, reaching what could be considered a problematic state. A ... Show more content on
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Also, the government wanted to step in and help the economy, so bounties were set in order to
encourage the hunting of the creatures. Communities began to see the "bounty hunters" as heroes,
and these men felt as such. The attitude towards wolves spiraled out of control, causing hunts based
on vengeance and hatred, and inhumane practices of poisoning, trapping, and torturing began. Even
a former governor of Alaska, Jay Hammond, felt that flying in a plane and shooting down hundreds
of wolves was necessary to protect the citizens of the state. Wolf furs were coveted, the animals
were loathed, and the image of the wolf as a cowardly murderer stuck based on old–fashioned
beliefs and legend–based fears. Nothing was done to stop the practices, and the hunts continued to
be encouraged, until there were basically no wolves left to hunt (Lopez 139–145). It was nearly too
late once the problem was noticed, but the government finally stepped in to address the problem.
The wolves were going extinct, and it became clear that the animals were an important part of the
ecosystem. The timber (gray) wolf was placed on the endangered species list, and severe
consequences were put into action for anyone who hunted the animals illegally. The Wisconsin
DNR began a very carefully regulated action plan to reintroduce the wolf to the state, which
included radio collars and careful tracking of the animals in order to monitor their progress, as well
as make sure they stay in

Descriptive Essay On Hunting
The smell of crisp, cold fall air, the feeling of multiple layers of clothing and the feel of cold steel
on your hands. These feelings will never be forgotten. Hunting season has always brought some
great memories. There was one time my two cousins, my uncle, my brother, my dad, and I were all
by five o'clock a.m. to go deer hunting. We slowly pulled in and as we stepped out of the truck you
could hear the crunch of snow beneath our heavy boots, then slam. My cousin forgot to quietly shut
the door. The next second my uncle was so mad, I couldn't see his face, but you could hear the angry
whisper that came from that direction. Then we started to heat the soft whimper of my cousin trying
to contain her tears. We finally split and went our own ways to find our spots to sit. My dad has
always been my personal guide, so we made our way up and down hills waddling in multiple layers
of clothing, trying to step lightly, in the dark while carrying a heavy gun. I did get quite a few looks
from my dad telling me that I was being loud and that I needed to be quieter. AS we follow the fence
line down to our spot. We cross the fence and get all settled. We had been sitting in this spot for a
couple days and we hadn't seen any deer, but my guide said that there had to be some in the area. We
sit there for a while my one leg starts to tingle and fall asleep, so I start to shift and get some glaring
looks from my dad, but we had been sitting there for a little while, when we hear a howl that

What Is Grey Wolf Optimizer?
introduction:
Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is a population–based meta–heuristic search algorithm inspired by the
grey wolf (Canis lupus) proposed by Mirjalili et al in 2014. This GWO algorithm mimics the
leadership hierarchy and hunting mechanism of grey wolves in nature . there are Four types of grey
wolves such as alpha, beta, delta, and omega. these types are employed for simulating the leadership
hierarchy. In addition, there are three main steps of hunting, and these steps are implemented to
perform optimization.
Inspiration
Grey wolves are considered as apex predators, mostly prefer to live in a pack having group size of
5–12 on average. These wolves have a very strict social dominant hierarchy , divided in four types
of grey wolves, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(3.1) and (3.2), a 2–D position vector and some of the possible neighbors has been illustrated in Fig.
3(a). In this figure, we can see a grey wolf having the position of (X, Y) can update its position
according to the position of the prey (X*, Y*). By adjusting the value of and vectors ,best agent can
reach at any position. For example, (X*–X, Y*) can be reached by adjusting =(1,0) and =(1,1). The
possible positions of a grey wolf in 3D space are depicted in Fig. 3(b). The random vectors r1 and r2
allow wolves to update any position between the points shown in Fig. 3. So a grey wolf can update
its position inside the shown space near the prey in any random place by using Eqs. (3.1) and (3.2).
The same concept can be applied to a search space with n dimensions, and the grey wolves will
move around the best solution

Wolves Howl At The Moon Research Paper
Do Wolves Howl at the Moon? Wolves are most often considered with the moon. Wolves howl at
the moon but do they really? Wolves talk to each other by howling and body language, most might
think they are howling at the moon but it's just how they position their heads back when they howl.
Wolves will make sure it's clear to howl when near a different territory in case there are enemies
around. There is a lot of myths about wolves and the moon. One is about a man leaving the spirit
world to receive a flower for his love but he didn't know that once he left he couldn't go back. When
he realized he couldn't go back he asked the gods for one more thing and that was to be boon in a
wolf. Another one is that they are howling at the gods to try and get their gifts back. They had
fought the humans on a selfless act and that upset the gods so they took their beloved gifts back
from the wolves. The moon and a god named Quae Carcajou was in love and one day the trickster
spirit told Quae Carcajou that there was some pretty flowers in the human world and that the moon
would love some, so Quae went and got her some but when he came back he couldn't get in and the
one who was standing guard at the spirit world entrance told him he couldn't and after he did that he
put the trickster spirit in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It must've paid off because he's still running with them, if you see a wolf howling at the moon it's
probably Quae howling at the love of his life. A long time ago there was a wolf pack that was able to
talk to the spirits, and during the full moon is when the spirits voices were strongest. The humans
were astonished that the wolves could hear the spirits voices, the humans longed to hear the spirits
voices. The humans were afraid of the dead but yet they had envied the wolves for being able to
hear

Analysis Of Austin Lackey Shrubland Biome
Austin Lackey Shrubland Biome The Shrublands is a vast barren and dry land containing many
different type of shrubbery and desert like plants and animals. This biome is found mostly in the
south western portion of the United States. Shrublands contain low nutrient soil and leaf litter is
critical for nutrients to spread but is often blown away. Shrublands are very exposed to the sun
which makes it hot and dry. The annual rainfall is 10–20 inches. It 's hot and dry in the summer and
cool and moist in the winter. Temperatures in the summer can get up to 100 degrees fahrenheit and
down to 30 degrees fahrenheit in the winter. Some plants have adapted to the shrubland environment
by inheriting a waxy texture on the leafs to reflect the sunlight away. The animals have adapted
because they have become more active during dawn and dusk to avoid the heat. The coyote (Canis
Latis) is one of the top predators in the open–shrubland biome. California is mostly made up of the
shrublands, they can survive in densely populated areas of human settlements. Their diet consists of
small mammals like frogs, snakes, rabbits and vegetation which makes them omnivores. The
Coyotes breeding season is in the spring. A female coyote can have as many as twelve pups to a
litter. The larger the litter correlates to the population of wolves in the area. Large populations of
coyotes will lead to small litters, whereas small population of coyotes will lead to large litters. When
the pups are born, the mom

Puma Concolor Essay
The stability of Felidae Puma Concolor can only be ensured with the enforcement of legislation
targeted to transform highways and human residences; the fractioning of puma territory in
California is detrimental to the species. The Felidae Puma Concolor is known by many names
cougar, puma, mountain lion, the cat is often mistaken for a bobcat.
Hypothesis: The highways which cut through the great forest and mountain ranges of California are
a large contributor to the population of California's Mountain Lions due to the division of natural
environmental habitats. Human communities also play a role in Mountain Lion population stunts
because human neighborhoods are ever expanding.
An approximate number of 100–200 California Pumas are killed a year. This information which was
found by the University of Santa Cruz keeping in consideration that the Mountain Lion can only be
hunted with legal consent in the Serco's of a Mountain Lion killing a human becoming to
comfortable with humans or hunting live stock(this includes pets). Last year the state of California
had 107 Mountain Lions hunted and shot dead but, permitted 237 Puma to be shot dead. The last ...
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When young Mountain Lions reach maturity approximately at the age of two adult Puma leaves the
territory of the mother to find their own for food purposes. The young Pumas do not do well in
locating home range territories near by because older male lions preoccupy them, thus the young
adult puma is sent to edges of deep vegetated mountain ranges near the mortal world. The presence
alone of a Mountain Lion near a town or city leads to panic and over reaction ending with the hunt
of the cat. So the hyper territorial nature of the cat is a factor working against it. A behavioral and
radio tracking method would be used to measure the patterns of the pumas in this engineered region
along route 9 and high way

Case Study: The Wolf, The Moose, And The Fir Tree
The Wolf, the Moose, and the Fir Tree The A Team Josiah Reyes Mandi Vaughn Sammy Brown
Petra Gutierrez BIOL 1308 Dr. Ilse Silva–Krott Most scientists estimate that the native moose to the
area has been living there since the early 1900's. Isle Royale in Lake Superior, Michigan offers
unique opportunity to study the interspecies relationships found in a single ecosystem. This
ecosystem is special and particularly useful in study because its primary inhabitants include a
producer (the balsam fir tree), a consumer (the herbivorous moose), and a predator (the grey wolf).
The predator wolf has been there since1945. The Grey Wolf was able to move to the island once the
waters froze over. The moose population at the time was significantly ... Show more content on
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We looked first at the relationship between the wolf population and the moose population. From
about 1960 to 1970, the wolf population remained fairly consistent at about 20 to 25 wolves. During
this time, the moose population grew steadily from 500 to over 1200. The next 10 years saw a
doubling of the wolf population to 50. This same 10 years saw a decrease of the moose population
from over 1200 to over 800. Then in 1980 began a two year drastic decline in the moose population,
which was brought down to 15. For the rest of the decade, the moose population remained quite low
at numbers near 20. During the 1980s, the moose population doubled again from around 800 to

How To Write An American Badger Essay
American badger (Taxidea taxus)
They are found in the western and central United States, northern Mexico, and south–central Canada
in certain areas. They also prefer prairies that are near woods with soft soil so they can dig for a
verity amount of prey. They also live in burrows.The American badger has a white brown black coat
to help it hide from predators another adaptation to fight off predators is that when their attacked,
they release an unpleasant smell which might drive a predator away They also hiss when they feel
threatened. Their fore–claws help them dig and help catch their prey. Another ironic thing is that
sometimes when a badger goes into a den and try to capture its prey. A coyote will stay at the
entrance in case the badger fails to capture its prey.They are omnivores so they eat both plant and
animals. They eat rodents, deer and certain nesting birds. nesting birds. They also eat green beans,
peas, mushrooms and other fungi and sunflower seeds.They are mostly nocturnal. But on sometimes
they prow around during the day. Even though they are less active in the winter, they do not
hibernate.
Ancestry The first Chamitataxus fossil was found ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They look like seals yet more brownish color and have fur. Their bodies allow them to glide very
fast in water. Due to them not being adapted more to aquatic environments. They have some
disadvantages on land. For example they don,t have a good range of sight on land but that's because
of the good range of sight they have in water. River otters are active year round so they don,t
hibernate. They don't migrate but the only time the'll move is mostly caused by food sources are
very low. They are carnivorous and eat a verity of fish and amphibians but rarely prey on

Lynx Research Paper
For this week's assignment, I have decided to focus on the lynx population in today's world. Lynx
are mainly discovered in moist, boreal forests that have cold and snowy winters. They also populate
habitats that have high concentration of their preferred prey: the snowshoe hare. There are two
species of lynx widely inhabiting North America namely Canada Lynx and Bobcats. Canada lynx
populate primarily in the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska, while Bobcats are found mainly in
the temperate zones. Bobcats are normally discovered throughout southern Canada, the United
States continentals and northern Mexico.
The hunting pressure towards Lynx population is increasing due to their extremely popular thick and
smooth fur. Illegal and uncontrolled hunting have caused both lynx species to have lesser
individuals in their population. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Big cats species include lions, tigers, jaguars, cheetahs and many more. Big cat species exist in
wide–ranging habitats including the savannas, tropical rain forests, mangrove swamps and boreal
forests. The big cat populations are declining as the result of human threats. For the last thousands
years, human populations are increasing at an unprecedented rate. The increase in human
populations has caused the big cats population to encounter an ongoing poaching, loss of habitat,
and pollutions.
For the family of bears, I am focusing on the two most popular species from this family namely
brown bears and grizzly bears. Brown bears are found in many continents including Asia, Europe
and North America. Brown bears have the broadest scopes of habitat as compared to other bear
species. On the other hand, the habitat of grizzly bears ranges from Alaska to Mexico and it can be
as far as east and western shores of Hudson Bay. The grizzly bears are listed as threatened in United
States and Canada. They are also listed as threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Coyotes Migration Patterns
In North Carolina, there are many wondrous and awe–inspiring creatures that roam free and graze
the mountain ranges and prairies. Creatures like the black bear, which rove and dominate the
mountains of the Carolina's sometimes venture down and cause a stir in populated areas. The
Coyote is no different. The Coyote, otherwise known as the Canis Latrans, is a very versatile and
adaptive creature. Due to urbanization and migration patterns, these creatures are now all over the
continental United States. Coyotes are no stranger to urban areas due to the rapid deterioration of
their habitats. In lieu to those migration patterns, North Carolina sees coyotes regularly in
neighboring counties that span from the western boarder to the eastern coast ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Though they have similar reproductive behaviors as most mammals, Coyotes pass some basic
instincts to their pups while in development and re–enforce them when they are born. Debra A.
Carlson and Eric M. Gese, working for the Department of Wildland Resources at Utah State
University, studied the reproductive system and cycles of these adapt creatures. Debra A. Carlson
and Eric M.Gese explain how the coyote goes through stages, like humans, before reproduction can
begin. They explain how the coyote finds a suitable mate, conceives, gestates her pups and then
provides parental care for a certain amount of time before independency occurs and the cycle starts
all over again (Carlson & Gese,

Case Study : Gray Wolves
Case Study 1
Gray wolves were native to Michigan in the early 19th and 20th centuries and were driven to near
extinction due to over hunting of the animal. By 2007 the conservation efforts aided in bringing the
Gray wolf population back up to 500 wolves in Michigan. In 2012 the wolves became a problem in
the Upper Peninsula for farmers, as the wolves were attacking their livestock for food. A bill ensued,
to name the gray wolf a game animal, meaning there would be a wolf hunting season. The bill was
overturned in 2014, opponents of the bill collected signatures for a citizen referendum. However, a
new bill developed, introduced a month later giving the Natural Resources Commission authority to
determine which animals can be considered game animals.
Natural resources, such as a hillside used for grazing, would be held in common (Theroux,1994).
"No individuals had any property rights in the hillside; everyone in the village instead owned the
resource together or "collectively." No "collectives" exist in reality, and no "commons" can produce
wealth or protect a resource from abuse (Theroux,1994)." Accordingly, while a resource is held in
common a resource cannot gain any money or keep people from abusing the resource. A resource
kept privately will have additional incentives to manage a resource effectively. If a company is held
responsible for a resource, that company is held fully responsible for damages or any abuse that the
resource suffers. In addition, private owners

Lyn Lynx Cyria Research Paper
Lynx Rufus also referred to as bobcat is the most common wildcat found in North America. They
are medium size with a lot of similarity to lynx. Their skin color ranges from beige shades to brown
fur that has lined markings in black or dark brown.
Diet
Lynx Rufus mainly survive by hunting hares and rabbits. They are also known to eat bats, birds,
rodents and adult deer especially during the winter season. In addition, they also eat young pigs,
lambs, poultry and other smaller animals (Hansen, 2006).
Population
It is estimated that there are approximately seven hundred thousand to one million bobcats in the
world. This is a low population and therefore these animals are being seen to be on the verge of
being extinct.
Range
They were once found in different parts of North America ranging from Northern Mexico to
Southern Canada. During the early and mid 1900s their populations in many Mideastern and
western states of the United States of America reduced because they were hunted because of their
high demand of fur. However, in the 1970s the international law began to protect them thus,
reducing their high rate of decline (Hansen, 2006).
Behavior ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An environment with a lot of vegetation and their preys is ideal for them. They are perfect hunters
with ability to stalk their prey with patience and stealth. They then capture their meals with one
strong leap. These animals live in solitary or in territories. One unique thing about them is that the
females do not share the same territory with each other. Territories for males usually tend to overlap.
The territories are established with scent markings and the size varies extremely. The size ranges
from twenty five to thirty square miles for males and five square miles for females (Sunquist &
Fiona

Wolves: The Overpopulation Of Certain Mammals
Wolves Wolves are very interesting mammals! Without wolves, I honestly think that we would have
an overpopulation of some certain animals such as deer, caribou, and moose. Wolves do what they
can to survive and use every obstacle as an advantage! Wolves will accept any challenge that is
"thrown at them" and no matter what, they will always come out on top and do their very best to
succeed in the challenge, or challenges, they may face. Wolves are very interesting because they are
strong, magnificent creatures who know how to work together, and function as a team and family.
Wolves can live in the coldest of places to the warmest! They can live in an area with the lowest
temperature of about –70 degrees Fahrenheit! How crazy is that! ... Show more content on
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It's not just the bond that brings them together though, it's also their similarities and how they relate
with one another. Wolves can be very different from each other but something that could bring them
together is the fact that they have the same types of physical characteristic and appearances. Some
physical characteristics that wolves have in common are their fantastic vision and amazing sense of
smell! Some other physical characteristics that wolves have in common are their powerful, muscular
legs and their strong lungs that help them run and catch prey that may be a long distance away. A
physical appearance that wolves have in common is their teeth! These animals have about forty–two
dangerously sharp teeth in their massive, powerful jaws! The advantage of having these teeth is that
they can easily rip apart and chomp down on their prey! I know, doesn't sound very appealing now
does it? Another aspect that I find interesting is the way that wolves work together and bond by
communicating with each other. Wolves can communicate by using a variety of facial expressions!
Some alpha males may stare at other wolves directly in the eyes to show them that they are not
afraid and they are the leader and the one in charge. Another way the communicate with each other
is by scent! Wolves will mark their territory by leaving a scent behind to let other wolves know that
they are there. Wolves

Gray Wolves : Causes And Characteristics Of The Gray Wolf...
The gray wolf is a majestic hunter that is necessary to many biomes. They are a living species and
deserve to survive just as much as we do. If they die off, not only will we be losing an entire
species, many other depending species will die, as well. This species of wolf are large compared to
their predecessors. They grow up to 6 feet long and two and a half feet tall. Even though their name
is the "gray" wolf they come in a variety of colors. Although grey is the most dominant, their fur can
be pure white or black. Their color mostly depends on the climate of their habitat. Gray wolves have
long noses and tall, curved ears. They can weigh as little as 80 and as much as 120 pounds. Gray
wolves are very social animals just as we are . They live in packs of 8 with a male and a female
alpha. The alphas lead hunts and make most of the pack's decisions like where to settle. The pack
works together to feed the pups until they are mature enough to join the hunt. Wolves depend on
whines, barks, howls, and growls to communicate. They are carnivores, meaning they eat primarily
meat. This species of wolf hunt mostly ungulates, or hoofed animals, like deer or moose. They will
eat the occasional rodent when times are rough. As I stated earlier, the gray wolf hunt in packs led
by the alphas. They can put on bursts of speed to catch their prey but not for very long. They, also,
eat animals that died for reasons other than hunting. Wolves can go up to 2 weeks without eating
which is

Nara Research Paper
Nara is located in Kansai region. It takes less than one hour from Kyoto and Osaka if you take
subway. It remains full of historic treasures, including some of Japan's oldest and largest temples.
Todaiji Temple is known as the "Great Eastern Temple". It is one of the famous and historic temple
in Japan. It acts as the head temple of the Buddhist temple in Japan. It is housed with one of the
largest bronze statue with the height of 15 meters of Buddha in Japan.
Nara Park is located in central Nara. It covers many of Nara's main attraction such as Todaiji
Temple, Kasuga Taisha, and Nara National Museum. The park has hundreds of deer roaming around
the park freely. Deer is a symbol in Nara and it is also designated as a natural treasure in Japan.

Lynx Dialectica Essay
The Lynx Rufus
Bobcat also scientifically known as Lynx Rufus is most common in the United States, but it is also
common in Northern Mexico and Southern Canada. I had the opportunity to observe this animal in
Northern Mexico where I learned a lot of things about it. I selected Lynx Rufus because of their
uniqueness in different areas and the fact that they remain a threatened species and, therefore it is
important to get more information about it. Foraging Ecology
Bobcats mostly prey on rabbits because of their easy accessibility because they almost share the
same habitats. In addition, they also feed on other rodents and have the capability of taking bigger
prey such as small ungulates. In general they consume a wide range of prey, but lagomorphs and
rodents take a large part of their diet. The selection of the prey they feed on is not only determined
by the availability, but on densities and biomass. This is because when the lagomorphs are available
together with rabbits, they would hunt rabbits more than other animals they can prey on. It is also
good to note that bobcats are specialized foragers, meaning that they ... Show more content on
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In most cases you find them on woodlands and unlike other similar species they do not depend fully
on deep forest. They make home near agricultural fields in case there are swamps, rocky edges or
forested tracts available. Their spotted coats make it possible for them to camouflage well without
being seen. The population is determined by the population of its preys. Other factors that determine
their habits include availability of rest, severe weather, dense cover for escape and hunting and
freedom from distractions (Sunquist & Fiona 2002). Human population does not affect the
population of the bobcats as long as the habitat is conducive. They might also appear in the
backyards in urban edge areas where there is intersection of natural habitats and human
development (Mills, November

To Hunt or to Save Our Wolves
The wolves have always been a hard discussion on whether to hunt them or to save them. But, it has
escalated since 1970's when they started to get hunted down more then ever. The 1970's made a
huge difference to the wolf population cause they were cut down severely. Then in 1973 the
population of wolves were so low the government protected them by putting them on the
endangered list(C).
Around 1990 the wolves in Canada were studied for four years to make sure they were like the U.S.
wolves and, after it was found that they were. So what does this mean? It means that 1/3 of the
wolves captured were fit enough to be sent to the U.S. in a good area safe to live and populate a
successful amount of wolves. Where were they sent? Yellowstone Park (D).
They were sent here because it is one of the biggest parks in the United States. The wolves could
also bring in the wolf lovers to donate and spend money to help fund their research on the wolves.
This could help get the wolves off the endangered list.
Now lets go to the present where we are on the edge of taking the wolves off the list of endangered
animals. There are now 6,000 wolves in the United States. Also there are about 7,700–11,200
wolves in Alaska to bump up the total amount making the wolves ready to be released and, when
wolf season comes out, hunted.
Hunting the wolves can be very entertaining to some of the hunters because, it is a challenge. Also it
gets rid of them, stops farmer's sheep and

Arctic Wolf Essay
Have you ever seen an arctic wolf? If you have, it was probably in a zoo or movie. Did you know
that the arctic wolf is a subspecies of the grey wolf? The arctic wolf mainly inhabits Northern
Canada and Alaska, parts of Greenland and Iceland, and Northern Europe. They are able to
withstand subzero temperatures and spend five out of every twelve months in total darkness. The
temperature rarely ever rises above –22 F. They hunt lemmings, rodents, and Arctic hare, but they
will take larger prey as well like caribou and musk ox. The arctic wolf can run as fast as 46 miles
per hour and they rely on other arctic wolves to help isolate the larger prey. They are pack animals
and the pack is usually five to seven members. The predator of the arctic

Hiking : The Most Important Dangers Of Hiking
When it comes to hiking, there are many 'common–knowledge' rules that people seem to follow.
These rules include: make sure to bring plenty of food and water, use precautionary aids such as
sunscreen and bug spray, dress appropriately, and bring along a map of the trail you're hiking.
However, many people seem to overlook one of the most important rules of them all: Let someone
know where you are going before you depart. It is important to alert someone of your whereabouts
when hiking alone because there are many possible dangers that could occur, such as harmful
wildlife, rapid malnutrition, and the quick decline of weather. Firstly, one of the most important
dangers to be aware of when hiking alone is wildlife. You never know when a ginormous grizzly
bear or a terrifying mountain lion will spring out from behind some rocks and attack. Now, contrary
to popular belief, wild animals don't attack like that. Their usual first instinct is to stay away from
humans, because, chances are, they're more scared of you than you are of them. However, these
animals can still pose a major threat. Always make sure to carry around bells and whistles when
hiking, or even just sing a simple tune. These noises let other animals know of your presence, so
they can find a way to avoid you. But, in the event that one of these animals attacks, here are some
defense mechanisms.
According to Source 3, "Hiking alone in Canada", it states that "...If you encounter a bear, speak
calmly, move away

Pros And Cons Of Wolves In The Wild
Wolves are a marvelous creature, but should the be protected by the government? The answer is
yess. Wolves need to be protected by the government. As a population they have finally come back.
Having wolves in the wild benefits the people and the ecosystem. In 2010 they cost farmers over
$3.5 million in lost cattle to wolves but so much more to other creatures.
Wolves have successfully re–established a population in the rocky mountains. According to source
#6 the wolf population in the northern rocky mountains has gone from only 100 in 1995 to 1,700 in
2010. This shows that after being reintroduced to yellowstone the population is 17 times larger than
what it was when it was re–introduced. This has all happened since wolves stopped being federally
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So as you can see the best solution for tourists, farmers, the ecosystem, and the wolves is to let us
keep the wolves in the wild where they belong and not in some sanctioned area where no
unauthorized people are allowed to even gaze upon these marvelous

Hunting Gray Wolves Should Be Illegal
Around the world, there are thousands of wildlife animals. Gray Wolves are one type of them; their
small domestic animals that are very fast, move in packs, and hunt deer and other animals for food.
Despite the fact that Gray Wolves hunt deer, they are helpful animals to the ecosystem. Gray Wolves
keep the ecosystem's movement in check. They actually help the environment more than hurt it.
They can be as friendly like dogs if raised from pups. They're very interesting animals and it should
be illegal to hunt them because they are almost extinct, they keep the prey population in check, and
are unique animals trying to survive. Hunting Gray Wolves should be illegal because they are
interesting animals, that many become extinct if hunting continues. "Gray Wolves were once
common throughout all of North America, but were exterminated in most areas of the United States
by the mid 1930s" ("Basic Facts"). Gray Wolves are being killed by people hunting them. People
hunt these wolves for the fun of it or because they're afraid of them, but what so fun about killing
innocent creatures and wolves rarely attack humans. Hunting Gray Wolves will make them become
extinct. "There are an estimated.... 3700 grey wolves in the Great Lakes Region and 1675 in the
Northern Rockies" ("Basic Facts"). If wolves became extinct; generations later wouldn't be able to
see them. Wolves are also in many fictional cartoons like "Three Little Pigs," and "Little Red Riding
Hood." These two entertaining

Northern Lights Research Papers
The Northern Lights are an extraordinary, surreal and legendary phenomenon. They are magical: if
you have already observed them in nature, you know that words fail to describe this breathtaking
spectacle. Out in the wide open darkness, nature's spectacular display takes on an added dimension
when the glowing ribbons of light are accompanied by the howling of wolves. This is truly one of
the most enchanting wildlife experiences possible. And a phenomenon so perplexing that
generations of amateur astronomers, adventurers and nature lovers have ventured out into the
obscurity of the night to admire it, and pondered whether it is in fact the light that makes the wolves
howl. During the night, in the heart of winter, light and sound travel much

The Gulf Coast Jaguarundi
Coast Jaguarundi is an extremely rare subspecies of the Jaguarundi family. This cat is mainly found
in certain parts of Northern America, in the Western Gulf coastal grasslands of southern United
States and Northwestern Mexico. This subspecies of Jaguarundi have a reddish or a charcoal gray
fur, short ears, and short legs. As a predatory cat, the Jaguarundi is a great swimmer and can also
climb very well. The Gulf Coast Jaguarundi eat fish they catch in rivers, as well as small mammals,
such as; rabbits and armadillos, or even jump and catch low flying birds. The International Union
for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the Gulf Coast Jaguarundi as endangered. This is mainly
due to human actions that have resulted in destroying most of the ... Show more content on
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This creature is also able to jump into the air to catch low flying birds, such as doves. The Gulf
Coast Jaguarundi often do their hunting in thorn scrubs. Although recently, due to habitat loss, they
have been venturing on to agricultural properties and pursuing domestic bird species. Females tend
to produce litters of anywhere from one to four kittens after an approximately seventy to seventy
five day gestation period. Kittens are born with spots that disappear as they age, similar to cats such
as cougars and lions. When kittens are around six weeks of age, they begin a diet of solid food.
Then, at the age of two to three years, they reach sexual maturity. Like most other animals, the Gulf
Coast Jaguarundi has a certain time of year in which mating occurs. For this species of wildcat,
mating usually takes place as early as November and as late as the end of

Deciduous Forest
There are many different types of plants and animals in the deciduous forest. This vegetation
region's temperature changes often due to its location, so animals or vegetation that live here have to
be able to withstand various temperature ranges. The deciduous forest is home to the white–tailed
deer and the white birch tree. To ensure survival in the deciduous forest, the white birch tree and the
white–tailed deer must be well adapted to their environment. The Odocoileus virginianus,
commonly known as the white–tailed deer, has many characteristics that help it survive in the
deciduous forest. This deer is found in the chordata phylum and is a vertebrate. In order for it to
keep a stable diet of woody plants, such as evergreen trees and ... Show more content on
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In the winter while the leaves are busy blowing off of the trees, scar tissues begin to form to prevent
water loss. The white birch tree has to be able to receive sunlight and because of this need, this tree
has to be capable of grows tall. Vascular is what this plant has to help it achieve this goal. After the
plant receives its needed sunlight, the plant transforms the energy it receives and turns it into energy
it can use. All in a process called photosynthesis. In addition, the white birch tree produces seeds.
Which then, the seeds disperse along the ground by the wind, leaving the seeds open to receiving
nutrients from the soil. Lastly, the seeds sprouts and grow new trees. Though this tree has many
adaptations to help it live, there are things that will do the exact opposite. For example peeling off
too much of the tree's bark can, in fact, kill the tree. To sum up, the white birch tree wouldn't last a
day without its adaptations there to help. Many organisms have found ways to survive in the
deciduous forest. Both the white–tailed deer and the white birch tree are able to tolerate drastic
temperature changes that occur in the deciduous forest. However, each achieves that goal in
different ways, such as the white–tailed deer has to be able to find food where as the white birch tree
has to be able to obtain sunlight. The white–tailed deer and the white birch tree have many
adaptations to maintain

Personal Narrative Essay
I am a big, strong, mean, hungry wolf. I spend my days trying to find what I am going to eat or what
homes I am going to pillage. Since I live in the woods, I use my surroundings and hide behind trees,
bushes, and ditches. Sometimes I see humans, but mainly I see animals; deer and rabbits are my
favorites. They are so innocent and think that they can just eat the plants, berries, grass and think
nothing is watching and waiting. I say those are my favorites, but mainly because I don't see many
humans walk through the woods, until one sunny and warm day. I heard a noise that I had not heard
before. It was a noise that mimicked a birds whistling. I followed the noises and saw a very small
human. The human had a very bright, red coat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I heard from a distance the same noises that I had heard when I found the small human in the red
coat. I heard the noises come closer and closer to the house. The small human was coming back for
another visit, so I slid under the covers a little further. She came in and was full of talking noises.
She talked and talked and did not notice that it was not the big human in the bed. I laid in the bed
anxiously waiting. I knew that I could eat the small human even faster than I did the big human, and
I knew that I would be full again, but I did not want to. I felt bad for eating the big human, and I
didn't want to eat this small human and take away her noises that were like the

What Is The Temperate Forest Biome?
The temperate forest is characterized by a climate with high levels of precipitation and humidity,
thick soil, deciduous, leaf shedding trees and four different seasons. These elements support a wide
variety of plants, animals and resources that permit life to flourish and thrive. The temperate forest
biome is located throughout the planet including parts of North America, Europe and Asia.
The temperate forest's abiotic factors of weather and temperature are distinct. These forests
experience mild summers and winters with temperatures varying from –30° C to 30° C. Because of
seasons of winter, spring, summer and fall, precipitation occurs primarily in the form of rainfall and
snow of 75–150 cm annually. Temperate forests are the world's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since it is so thick, it holds the ground together, protecting it from erosion. The moss is home to
many types of bugs such as spiders and ants and supplies food to the animals' dependent upon
insects for food. Carpet moss can produce sexually or asexually depending on where it is present.
They make sporophyte that are stalks that grow from the female plant in sexual reproduction. The
capsule on the end of the stalks then produces spores that release into the air to grow more moss.
They produce asexually when the moss is split into multiple parts. The method of reproduction moss
uses demonstrates how it has adapted to its environment. The abundance of spores moss releases
shows that it has adapted to be very prolific, and spread

The Characteristics Of Black Panthers
The mysterious things of panthers Do you ever wonder why people think panthers is its own
species? Well let me tell you how they are actually not. Panther don't even exist even though they do
call black cats panthers. Many people say that they are its own species, but they aren't once you
learn that they are leopards you won't consider them its own anymore. They are related to leopards
and i'm going to tell you how they are, but in other reasons they are a little bit of differences
between the two of them they have many similarities as well. There actual name of the cat is black
leopard. There basically black cats that are called like this. So therefore this will be about how
different and similar they look from regular leopards, On how their intelligence is extremely well
from other animals/ how protective they are as well, and How their heights, weight and size are
different than the other big cats that they are related to or considered. All in all the these topics will
describe what black leopards really are. The panthers are exactly like the leopard. why? because
they have spots on them that you can't really see so they are similar by that. They are different
looking because according to the World Encyclopedia edition, "All leopards are much alike, but
those that live in the forest are darker than those that live on open plains and desert scrub" (Duane
202). Here in this part it explains how they are differences between them on how they look because
if a leopard lives

Jaguar Research Paper
Jaguars are very unique animals that are located in Central and South America. They consider being
mammals and live only up to twenty two years. Jaguar is muscular and large animal of the family
Panthera onca, also they are relative to tigers, and lions, panthers. This animal is not very tall and
big, Jaguar is six to seven feet long with tail included (tail is about twenty to thirty inches long.)
Male jaguars of course are stronger and heavier than female. The female can stand up to twenty–
three inches tall while male can up to thirty inches. They have very flexible bodies and are adapted
for running and climbing. Jaguars have very muscular limbs and paws with very soft pads that
contains in their bodies sweat glands. Jaguars weight between sixty eight and one thirty six
kilograms. They considered being the largest cats in the Americas, at the same time they are the only
representatives of the genus Panther. Jaguars have very powerful structure; their jaws are large and
square. Their base coat can have different colors, from light yellow to brown with radish stripes on
the sun. On the base coat black spots are present and they are located on the body, limbs, and neck.
They actually have the strongest bite force of all family of Cats. Jaguars are very rarely seen today
in USA and are considered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This animal takes the third place of the biggest Cats in the world. The name Jaguar came from the
Native American word yaguar, which means those who may kill with one leap. This cats are
primarily inhabits of Central and South America. Jaguar more likely to prefere dense and thick,
moist jungle where is many plants to cover while hunting or relaxing. Most of the time Jaguar
resting on the tree or looking for food and they love to be close to low waters. They are excellent
swimmers. Actually they can move through the water very fast when they see the

Growing Population In Uk Essay
Briefing Note for The Minister: Report on the issues caused by the growing population of Deer
within the UK
The occupants of Great Britain are well accustomed to the species of deer often sighted around its
country sides and nature reserves. However, increasing numbers are causing great strains on parks
and causing an alarming rate of injuries to people and even fatalities due to road accidents involving
deer. In the coming years the number of accidents is expected to exceed the over 30,000 recorded in
2006 in Great Britain (Pokorny, 2006). The Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Roe Deer (Capreolus
capreolus) populations are increasing in number, as well as increasing their distribution throughout
the UK (PostReport, 2009). In addition to these two native species, there are a further four species
of deer that had been introduced to private parks in the UK in the past. The Sika, Muntjac and
Chinese water deer have made the UK their home for the past 150 years, as well as the Fallow Deer
which has been around much longer. The growing populations of deer are affecting the biodiversity,
ecology (Fuller & Gill, 2001) and economy within the surrounding areas. Human health and safety,
as well as the animals own welfare is also at risk. I encourage The Minister to heed this information
regarding the current issues this country has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conflicts and accidents between road vehicles and deer are unfortunately not uncommon. A five
year survey, from 2000–2005, collected 30,500 reports of deer/ vehicle collisions, which resulted in
1100 human injuries and 20 fatalities. The survey also highlighted that the number of reported
incidents are actually likely to be less in than the actual number of deer vehicle collisions
(Langbein, 2007), as many incidents go unreported. These types of incidents are on the increase in
Britain and on a global scale (Putmam,

Personal Narrative Of A Cougar
My dad would take me hunting, ever since I could remember. We would see bears, deer, elk and
various types of birds. I grew up in White Swan and the High School mascot was a cougar, but the
only cougars I would see were my classmates in the mountains. My dad and I heard a screeching
animal once, one that made me cringe and sent shivering feelings down my spine. My dad said it
was a cougar, but that was the extent of my experience with cougars until 2007.
In the spring of 2007, I ran into one of my old bosses from Tribal Forestry. I was working at the
Yakama Forest Products at the time, however, the boss in forestry said they were shorthanded with
crew bosses for this upcoming fire season. I applied for a position and I was hired on full–time, ...
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I was teamed up with a first year forester named Nash. Nash was a six foot tall, mad man when it
came to working. He went all out when it came to working, but when he was lazy he didn't want to
do anything. A walking contradiction is who I was in charge of, plus there was three feet of snow on
the ground, so he better not be lazy. The trip to the HFR area took about an hour to get there since
there was snow in the mountains. We used a G.P.S. unit as a guide while marking polygons in the
snow at the HFR site. It was after lunch and I estimated the second G.P.S. battery would die out
around three o'clock. Most of the day's weather was gloomy with overcast. All of a sudden we lost
signal on our G.P.S. unit because of the clouds. I called for our co–workers to come pick us up.
They said their G.P.S. lost signal too, and were near the road waiting for us. Nash and I left the
timbered area and made our way towards the road. We were covered in snow from the waist down,
from plowing through the snow. Our driver, Pat, said, "Let's go, its cold!" Nash was in the truck, but
I was brushing the snow off my clothing because I didn't want to sit on a puddle on the ride home.
We drove off and didn't get 50 yards from where we left marking, and a giant cougar was pouncing
through the snow. It was about 100 yards off the road, but you could see our ribbon we hung off the
trees. Pat screamed "Look! You guys are lucky we lost signal on these G.P.S. units or you would be
wrestling with that cougar." I asked Nash if he had a knife on him and he said no. I said, "Good
thing I have my knife on me." Nash said, "Why, so you could fight the cougar?" I said, "No, I would
have stabbed you in the leg and started running while you get to fight the cougar." He said,
"What!?" I laughed and told him I was joking, and he needs a knife while in the mountains. The
next day Nash didn't bring a knife to work, but I figured

What Are The Disadvantages Of Having A Long Tooth Gene
Evolution is the process by which an organism branches off from an ancestor and changes due to
modifications caused by natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow. In the case of the
squirrel population a dominant long tooth gene came about. Depending on whether the long tooth
trait is favored in the environment will determine what happens to the litter of squirrels. Suppose the
gene is favored, this would give the litter of squirrels an advantage over the others when it came to
either getting more mates or having more success on getting different types of food. This would
eventually change the allelic frequencies and over generations make the long tooth gene an
advantageous trait. However, if having long teeth is a disadvantage

The Cougars: A Short Story
Rose didn't know why getting a coffee at lunch was a bad thing. Who cared if 'Race'n Rosie' got a
coffee break between games? The Cougars game was at five. Besides, she needed all the caffeine
she could get if she was going to be stuck in a sweaty locker room with the coach. The mean
Mr.Coach who insisted she sign five waivers before the game so the whole team could get in on a
sponsorship from some big retail chain. Rude Mr.Coach who threatened her that she couldn't
participate if she didn't have them signed by two. Clumsy Mr. Coach who trips over his own damn
shoelaces. "That'll be 11.80, including tax." Doing paperwork during break kind of ruined the idea.
At least most of it was multiple choice. And she got to use her fancy new stadium

Hunting Lions: Sport or Murder? Essay
When a Minnesota dentist killed a prized African lion named "Cecil" he received an onslaught of
criticism and reignited the debate concerning hunting. Man's quest to dominate all of nature has
been a passion dating to the primitive days of mankind. During this primitive era, man's need to
hunt was strictly for survival and to preserve their existence and dominance over the wild. In this
modern era, man still finds the need to unleash this internal drive for power. The passion to hunt,
however, is no longer a necessity for survival; it is a game or sport for which the trophy is one of
nature's most intriguing animals, the mountain lion.
Yellowstone national park is one of the few places that have been "blessed with carnivore diversity."
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Rifle Association seeks to lift this moratorium and allow the hunt of the cats. Their
effort would carry into the year 1996 where they sought for the passing of proposition 197 which
would legalize the trophy hunting of the cougars. However their efforts as well as the proposition
failed to change the fate of the lions (5).
Recent media has displayed the mountain lion as being a fierce creature with a history of
unprovoked attacks. However what is failed to be conveyed to the public is the fact that the human
population is doubling every 25 years. With the climbing cougar and human populations, an
increased competition of food has sent hungry mountain lions to suburban backyards in an effort to
seek nourishment (4). By doing so the number of lion attacks on humans has elevated. The fact that
these lions are losing their habitats to human developers, raises the question of whether lions pose a
threat to humans or not.
The National Rifle Association (NRA) has fought for the rights to lawfully hunt the mountain lion.
Their efforts would be for the "good of society," since the poaching of these cats would decrease
their population and directly decrease the numbers of human attacks. California's current law
permits the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) to remove any lion that poses a risk to people,
property or pets. In 1994, 122 mountain lions were killed under the depredation permits issued by
the DFG

Delisting the Grey Wolf Essay
Delisting the Grey Wolf
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service are considering removing the gray wolf from the
endangered species list once Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming have enough wolves to be deemed
sufficient to continue to expand the wolf population, requiring only that each of these three states
have a management plan in effect to prevent the gray wolf from becoming endangered again. With
the current attitude of the governments in these states, the wolf should not lose their federal support
under the Endangered Species Act as it would merely serve to cause the wolves to become
endangered once again, or at best, held to the absolute minimum population that the states can pass
off as "viable, self–sustaining populations" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The state legislature has favored the ranching industry above ecology and continues to do so. Public
polls "conducted by Boise State indicate that the overwhelming majority of Idahoans (nearly 70
percent) support wolf restoration" (Laverty, par. 4) and the legislature is seeking to remedy this by
re–educating the public with "a balanced view of the impact of wolves on big game species, those
sectors of the economy dependent upon sport hunting, livestock, domestic animals, and humans"
(State, 3). Furthermore, the "cost of wolf reintroduction will be presented as a part of any public
education program including direct and indirect costs" (State, 3).
This so–called balanced view was presented in a program in which the "most misrepresented issues
concerned the economic impact of wolves. Ranchers were allowed to claim unsubstantiated losses,
with no attempt to validate the accuracy of these claims" (Laverty, par. 2). In granting the balanced
view sought by the legislature, the "program portrayed the salt of the earth rancher as a poor victim
of the federal government's whim to restore the 'killers'" (Laverty, par. 2).
The lies by omission also showed up in this balanced view program, it "failed to expose the
enormous subsidies that benefit

White Tailed Deer
It can be believed that there is a smaller abundance of Odocoileus virginianus (White Tailed Deer)
than Sciurus carolinensis (Grey Squirrels) around Alfred University. According to the History of
White Tailed Deer in New York (Brown, 1956), there is the possibility that hunting regulations keep
many of these White Tailed Deer safe compared to the lack of hunting regulations on squirrels. A
different article (Ward, 1999) which discusses the effect of poisoning on wildlife in the state of New
York. Within New York's Wildlife Resources (Goff, 1982), the habitat and reproductive habits of
Grey Squirrels. This allows for the connection to be made of whether Alfred maintains the habitat
that Grey Squirrels need. As well as in the Encyclopedia of ... Show more content on
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In 1912 when the "buck law" went into effect it was set to increase the number of deer as well as
limit the abundance of deer to prey on other organisms. This was not as simple as thought, many
were illegally killed leaving many newborns to starve during the winter. (Brown, 1956). Hunting
soon began to be open during certain date ranges during the season to allow more regulation on
hunting of the White tailed deer. (Brown, 1956). These deer prefer matured forests with practically
no undergrowth (Brown, 1956) which brings them to the same place, around Alfred, New York.
Although it may seem that there are more deer, the regulations help, but the deer don't reproduce as
many, squirrels reproduce 2–4 per litter twice a year (Frankis).
Wildlife, for the most part, is out on its own having to rummage and scour the woodlands or their
habitats for food. While looking for food it can be dangerous, poisoning of wildlife occurs all the
time. It has been found that Anticoagulant Rodenticides are commonly used in New York and this
cause many mammals to be poisoned. Of all the animals that are poisoned, the White Tailed Deer
and the Grey Squirrel are the most common. Through the use of brodifacoum in pesticides, this
appears to limit the amount of squirrels and deer in surrounding areas where most pesticides
containing brodifacoum are used. (Ward,

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