Symptoms And Symptoms Of A Personality Disorder

Symptoms And Symptoms Of A Personality Disorder
Your sense of reality and who you are depends on your feelings, thoughts, sensations, perceptions
and memories. If these become disconnected from each other, or don't register in your conscious
mind, your sense of identity, your memories, and the way you see yourself and the world around you
will change. This is what happens when you dissociate.Dissociative disorder is a personality
disorder marked by a disturbance in the integration of identity, memory, or consciousness.
(APA)Everyone has times when we feel disconnected. Sometimes this takes place naturally and
unconsciously. For example, we often drive a familiar route, and arrive with no memory of the
journey or of what we were thinking about at that time. Some people even train themselves to use
dissociation to calm themselves or for cultural or spiritual reasons. Sometimes we
dissociate/disconnect as a defence mechanism to help us deal with and survive traumatic
experiences. Dissociation can also be a side effect of some drugs, medication and alcohol. Many
mental health diseases, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder
have dissociative features in them. memory gaps finding yourself in a strange place without
knowing how you got there out–of–body experiences loss of feeling in parts of your body distorted
views of your body forgetting important personal information being unable to recognise your image
in a mirror a sense of detachment from your emotions the impression
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Childhood Trauma
Running head: CHILDHOOD TRAUMAAND ITS IMPACT
Childhood Trauma And Its Impact On The Brain
The nature versus nurture debate in human development is longstanding with many
opposing viewpoints. However, numerous studies have confirmed that the maturation and
development of the brain has a "reciprocal relationship with the environment" (Wilson, Hansen
& Li, 2001). With the brain developing at its fastest rate in childhood, it is especially impressionable
to early life experiences. If those experiences include repeated trauma of abuse or neglect, optimal
brain development and function is threatened. Chronic activation of a child's stress response system
affects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prominent symptoms of depression are low mood, sleep and appetite disturbances, and
diminished interest in daily activities. Carr continued, "Major depression is an episodic disorder
characterized by major depressive episodes and intervening periods of normal mood" (2007, p.3).
Early life trauma is considered a significant precursor of depression
(LaNoue,
Graeber, Hernandez, Warner & Helitzer, 2010).
Childhood trauma affects many brain systems. The stress response system and its cosystems pay the
greatest toll when a child experiences chronic threat. Taking a closer look at the functions of the
HPA axis and the steroid hormone, cortisol, aid in identifying the precursors to depression.
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in depression was a vital discovery
in psychoneuroendocrinology (Heim, Newport, Mletzko, Miller & Nemeroff,
2008). Heim et al., stated, "The HPA axis represents the major neuroendocrine stress response
system designed to maintain stability and health" (2008, p.694). Unfortunately, when a child is
subjected to repeated trauma, dysregulation of the HPA axis occurs. Studies also found that cortisol,
a multifunctional steroid produced in the adrenal gland, reinforced the body's ability to cope in the
face of danger. In situations of chronic threat, a condition called 'hypercortisolism'
(persistently high cortisol levels) can lead to an array of

Double Dissociations
One reason why neuropsychologists study brain lesion patients is that it enables us to identify
double dissociations within complex cognitive functions, for example: memory. Memory involves
several multifarious components and modalities which makes it a very difficult process to
investigate. In addition, memory has more than one distinct process. In order to gain a detailed
understanding of specific memory processes, brain lesion patients have to be studied. Healthy
participants also play an important role in discovering double dissociations in memory as they can
act as the control group for comparisons but they do not allow researchers to establish specific
localisations. Double dissociations provide neurological evidence that a patient has ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In one case, four adults aged 26–42 who had injected heroin were essentially immobile, unable to
speak, had frozen facial expressions and were extremely rigidity in their arms. According to
Langston (1984) these symptoms are highly similar to those experienced by an advanced
Parkinson's disease (PD) patient. PD results from substantia nigra cell death which is a region within
the basal ganglia. These cells are the main source of dopamine but Langston (1984) was unable to
visualise any structural brain damage on CT or MRI scans, however, PET scans confirmed hypo
metabolism of dopamine. After a chemical analysis, the drug injected by these four patients actually
had little resemblance to heroin but had a similar structure to meperidine (a synthetic opioid) which
is now known as MPTP. Lab experiments indicate that MPTP is selectively destructive for dopamine
cells. Since this drug discovery, various surgical procedures have been developed to reduce the
inhibition in those with PD either by lesioning the output structure of the basal ganglia – which has
many limitations or by deep–brain stimulation. Therefore, as a result of studying these four patients
suffering from Parkinsonian symptoms, drug discoveries have been made which can thus be used to
make advancements in our understanding and effective treatments of Parkinson's disease which to
this date,

Is A Sanctuary Really A Secret Place? Essay
Is A Sanctuary Really a Secret Place? The world can be viewed as an intricate and complex place,
which contains different groups of people who have distinct views and behaviors. The pressure that
is exerted on these individuals due to contrasting views and behaviors leads an individual to either
dissociate or split. Martha Stout, the author of "When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday"
discusses how her patients, Seth and Julia, were affected by trauma and dissociation. Dissociation
and splitting, whether conscious or unconscious, influences an individual to a large extent by
enabling them to detach from reality and change his or her worldview. Through her discussions and
interviews with Julia and Seth, Stout depicts how much dissociation can affect an individual, which
ultimately could result in the creation of a new identity. Similar to Stout, Leslie Bell also discovers
the topic of psychological mechanisms in her Selection from Hard to Get: Twenty–Something
Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom when women are given a paradox of sexual freedom by
explaining how women split to create histories and identities for themselves. Bell's patients, Jayanthi
and Alicia, want to define themselves, but simultaneously face pressures from their family and
society as to how they should act. Susan Faludi's, "The Naked Citadel" explains the experience of
the cadets, while they were at The Citadel, where they were guided into following The Citadel's
standards, which

Mental Health Rotation: Multiple Personality Disorder
Prep for Mental Health Rotation: Multiple Personality Disorder
Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which a person has two or more
distinct identities or personality states. This disorder can take control of an individual. MPD is a
disorder characterized by identity fragmentation rather than a development of separate personalities.
The disturbance is not due to the direct psychological effects of a substance or of a general medical
condition (Dissociative Identity Disorder). This once rarely reported disorder has become more
common. MPD reflects a failure to combine various aspects of identity, memory and consciousness
in a single two–dimensional self. Usually, the primary identity carries the individual's given name ...
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There are a lot of responsibilities that all health care providers should be aware of once the diagnosis
has been made. The initial task of therapy is to detoxify the patient's environment by stopping all
forms of abuse. Treatment must be geared toward developing trust (Cherry) and healthy coping
behaviors are encouraged by the care provider. The primary focus is to help patients learn to control
and contain their symptoms. Patients must learn to deal with dissociation, flashbacks and intense
affects such as rage, terror, and despair. Crisis plans are developed to help in identifying the cause of
any additional anxiety. Teaching patients to develop a list that ranges from simple to complex
activities is helpful. Once patients become engaged in the activities, the intensity of emotions
usually decreases and patients feel more in control. This reconnects them to personal strengths and
the choices that can be exercised. When dealing with patients with MPD care providers need to be
empathetic and supportive but most of all they need to be trust worthy

Dissociative Identity Disorder Research Paper
Dissociative Identity Disorder formerly known as multiple personality disorder is a disorder that
researchers and doctors have shown immense interest in over the past century. Even though DID has
evident symptoms and causes, some professionals in the healthcare system doubt that this disorder is
real or it even exist. Dissociation is something that happens to every one of us; most of the time this
is like day dreaming or being lost in thought while doing something like a project. However, DID is
a more complicated form of dissociation. In this state, there is a disruption in the usually integrated
functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment (Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV). When this

Clinical Report For David Callaway
Clinical Report for David Callaway (Hide and Seek 2005) Demographic/Identifying Information:
Mr. Callaway is a 45 year old man who is currently living in Lake Placid outside of New York City,
and recently moved from New York City. Of late he is a widowed father of one daughter, Emily
Callaway, who is 7 years old. Mr. Callaway has his Masters Degree in Psychology and is a
practicing psychologist, he has recently lessened his workload due to death of his late wife and the
move. Reason for Referral: Mr. Callaway was referred to me through the forensics system to find if
he is competent to stand trail or if he is Not Criminally Responsible. He is awaiting trail for the
murder of his wife– Alison Callaway, and two other victims; Elizabeth Wilson and Sheriff John
Hafferty. He had pushed Ms. Wilson out of a second storey window, she died on impact and
assaulted Sheriff Hafferty with a shovel. He also attacked close family friend, Katherine Warren, and
his daughter, Emily causing great distress to his young daughter. Mr. Callaway maintains he is
innocent and did not commit these crimes, he serves no memory of any of the murders. Mr.
Callaway believes his wife had succeeded in a suicide attempt in their bathtub, although it has been
proven to him, by law enforcement, that he suffocated her and than staged a suicide. He claims to
only remember finding Ms. Wilson body after she had been pushed out the window and has no
memory of Sheriff Hafferty being at his house the night he was

The Effects Of Interpersonal Trauma And Disruption Of...
Developmental Trauma or Developmental Psychopathology researched by Maughan & Cicchetti
(2002) report on the consequences of interpersonal trauma and disruption of caregiving systems on
the development of affect regulation, attention, cognition, perception, and interpersonal
relationships. Şar (2014: 171–179) states that research into patients with dissociatve disorders report
the highest prevalance of childhood abuse and/or neglect of all mental health disorders and asserts
that dissociation can result from deep–rooted developmental stress. This project will concentrate on
the links in developmental trauma with the forming of dissociative traits and discuss whether
dissociation is essentially related to the developing self. An in depth look at what is developmental
trauma and the aetiology of dissociation will be covered. Using clinical examples, the implications
for clinical practice in child psychotherapy will be considered. There is not scope here to look at
each dissociative phenomena in great depth so this project will concentrate on dissociation as a
whole.
Developmental Trauma, the Key Aspects
Trauma or traumata as described in Rycroft (1995) 'are experiences which disrupt or pervert
development.' They define it as 'any unexpected experience which the subject is unable to
assimilate.' Developmental, or as it is sometimes called, complex trauma, is concerned with a child's
prolonged exposure to traumatic events such as, neglect, abuse, abandonment, violence and

Dissociative Disorders And The Most Controversial Disorders
Mai Nguyen
PSYC 1
Dec. 11, 2015
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative disorders are one of the most controversial disorders that exist. It is often argued that
the disorder does not actually exist and that people are over–diagnosed. Dissociative disorders is a
type of psychological disorder that involve a sudden loss of memory of change in identity due to the
dissociation (separation) of the individual's conscious awareness from previous memories and
thoughts. A common example of a dissociation is when an individual daydreams and becomes
unaware of the passage of time. However, this is just a very mild case of dissociation and is normal
to experience. The NAMI (National Alliance on Medical Health) declares that approximately half of
Americans have experienced a dissociative episode in their life but only two percent of those cases
are severe enough to meet the full criteria of chronic episodes. This disorder is more often found in
women rather than men.
There are three main types of dissociative disorders along with a fourth type that is less often
categorized. The types of dissociative disorders are dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue,
dissociative identity disorder (DID), and depersonalization or derealization. Dissociative amnesia is
characterized by extreme memory loss that is caused by extensive psychological stress. Individuals
with dissociative amnesia can easily remember everyday tasks and procedural memories but they
are unable to remember their own identity and

Dissociative Identity Disorder
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a
severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and
alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely
extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration
for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions.
Description of DID:
Symptoms:
At least three of the following symptoms must be present:
(1) Callous unconcern towards the feelings of other individuals.
(2) Unpleasant and relentless attitude of irresponsibility and disrespect for the social norms, rules,
and obligations. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When evaluating children, it is also important to ensure that symptoms are distinguishable from
imaginary play."(American Psychiatric Association, 2000)
Prevalence & Co morbidity
In clinical populations, the estimated prevalence of DID ranges from 0.5 to 1.0% (Maldonado,
Butler, & Spiegel, 2002). In the general population, estimates of prevalence are somewhat higher,
ranging from 1–5% (Rubin & Zorumski, 2005). Females are more likely to receive a diagnosis of
DID, at a ratio of 9:1 (Lewis–Hall, 2002). This author also contends that the disproportionately high
number of females diagnosed with DID dispels the notion that incestual abuse is largely responsible
for the development of DID.
High percentages of individuals with DID have comorbid diagnoses of Post–Traumatic Stress
Disorder or Borderline Personality Disorder (Gleaves, May, & Cardeña, 2001). In addition,
individuals diagnosed with DID commonly have a previous diagnosis of Schizophrenia. However,
this most likely represents a misdiagnosis rather than comorbidity, due to the fact that both disorders
involve experiencing Schneiderian symptoms (ibid.). Other possible comorbid disorders involve
substance abuse, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, problems of anxiety and mood, personality
disorders, psychotic disorders, and organic mental disorders (ISSD, 2005), OCD, or some
combination of conversion and somatoform disorder (Kaplan & Sadock,

Cognitive Dissociations
About sixteen centuries elapsed from St Augustine's meditations on memory and the proposition of
a multisystem model of memory by Tulving. Modern cognitive neuropsychology of memory has
been built on a combined approach of clinical observation and theoretical model proposals. The
former was crucial to the beginning of realization that memory is heterogeneous [47]. Cognitive
dissociations (as patients' different performance on questions targeting different functions were
named in the 1970s) allowed neuropsychologists to envisage taxonomies based on content. How did
St Augustine succeed to draw so accurately different memory contents, and did so without any
clinical or experimental basis? St Augustine's interrogations, as they arose while he

Lab 7: Ph, Dissociation, Hydrochloric Acid Solutions
Kevin Malakov 6/28/15 CHM 3001 Professor Charnick Lab #7: pH, Dissociation, Hydrolysis, and
Buffers Lab Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to "compare calculated and measured pHs
of a series of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid solutions." "Measure the pH of various salt
solutions." Also to "compare measured and calculated pHs of: a buffer solution." (Lab Manual Page
15) Concentation pH %error HCl pH %error HC2H3O2 1x10–1M 0% 6.9% 1x10–2M 5.0% 2.94%
1x10–3M 3.33% 2.56% 1x10–4M 0% 2.22% Solution pH %error Distilled Water 7.14% Original
buffer Solution 5.06% Distilled water with added 6M HCl 9.48% Buffer Solution with added 6M
HCl 29.0% Distilled water with added 6M NaOH 1.55% Buffer Solution with added 6M NaOH
46.4% ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, the results for the pH of HCl and HC2H3O2 was close to that of the theoretical pH. The K
values had errors most probably due to contamination, improper dilution, and bad mixing. Also
some of the measured pH's from the water buffer solutions had high %errors may be due to
contamination, bad mixing, and not having the precise volumes. The changes in the observed
percent ionization of acetic acid with dilution are consistent with Le Chatelier's principle. As a
solution becomes more dilute ionization increases. This will make the equilibrium to shift to the
right in order in this case to make more

Dissociative Identity Sickness
Types of Dissociative Identity Sicknesses. Dissociation, this was the earliest to explain, example
when the child is day dreaming, having an imaginary friend. The person will still need treatment to
receive healing. The most extreme case of (DID) will happen during the treatment of child unfair
treatment and is the moat treated. (Costello, 2015) The second form of (DID) Dissociative Identity
problem, not otherwise specified, (Ross C. A., 1997) it come from the neglect pathway. (Ross C. A.,
1997) In less violent and cruel cases the child may find that one parent cannot provide the
attachments that's needed. (Iberra–Yruegas & Perales–Blum, 2016) All patients seemed to have the
same beginning that mother was noted to be a person who can't stop ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Berzoff, 1995) At least two of the identities will try and control the people behavior, unable to
remember personal information, two or more personality states. The disturbance is not related to
body–structure–related effect, or general medical conditions.
Depression. A common feeling connected with feeling like a stranger to self. Signs of dissociation
are hidden and often cause much deeper inner pain. Fear and stress. (Hawkins & Hawkins, 2009)
Feeling as if their going crazy. Something is off in real life or the world is coming apart around
them. (Berzoff, 1995)
Behavior. Condition that involves disruption of memory, perception, and identity, they tend to use
dissociation as a defense.
Depression. A common feeling connected with feeling like a stranger to self. Signs of dissociation
are hidden and often cause much deeper inner pain.
Stress. Feeling as if their going crazy. Something is off in real life or the world is coming apart
around

Essay about Exploring Multiple Personality Disorder
Exploring Multiple Personality Disorder
In popular culture, Dissociation, and Dissociative Identity Disorder (previously known as Multiple
Personality Disorder––MPD) is considered a very exotic, rare and enigmatic psychological
phenomenon (11). It seems that, especially in the media and entertainment, multiple personality
disorder is stigmatized by a number of quite florid and nearly hysterical symptoms. Clinically,
however, Multiple Personality Disorder has been recognized for centuries and is currently estimated
to exist in 1% of the general population (1,8), and as much as 7% of the population may have
suffered from a dissociative disorder at some point in timem (9). Currently, DID (MPD) is most
generally defined as a disturbance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This distancing mechanism is characterized by detachment from the self or surroundings, excluding
or loosing unwanted or unneeded feelings from awareness, and partial or total amnesia for the
emotions and cognitions associated with the traumatic event.
Such distancing mechanisms are very powerful modes of defense and serve to escape the emotional
and physical pain of the event by compartmentalizing the cognitions, sensory inputs, and behavioral
enactment of the traumatic experience (12). These compartmentalized elements are essentially
fragmented experiences, which fail to become integrated into an explicit narrative. In essence, this
process allows the individual to separate the traumatic memories from ordinary consciousness to
preserve some areas of healthy functioning (8,12). This entire process is referred to as dissociation.
Dissociation serves as a temporarily adaptive function, as it allows the individual to escape from the
traumatic event while it is underway (9). However repeated reliance on dissociative defenses can
lead to the inability to properly process information from past events and possibly future events into
a narrative (explicit memory) form (12). It is theorized that the repeated use of dissociation can lead
to the development of a series of separate entities or mental states which may eventually take on an
entity or identity of their own (8). These entities may become internal "personality states" which
reflect different

Childhood Trauma Psychology
It is clear that this is a mental illness, which involves disruption of memory, awareness and
perception of human being. This disorder is more chronic as it dwells on childhood trauma. In
matters of consciousness, it gives us alternative personalities, which function with or without
awareness of one's personality of matters of expectation. It is also clear that most of evidence that
are integrated with this dissociation functional based on personal identity, which includes our focus
on the consciousness and awareness of the surroundings. This disorder based on consciousness is a
mechanism, which allows our mind to separate and have some compartment in matters of thought
from normal consciousness. It is hence that it tries to give us an overview as most of memories are
erased, but are buried on one's body for its resurface later (Morton, 2017). Most of the facts of this
disorder are related to hypnosis, which involves temporarily on altered state of its consciousness.
However, this disorder may pose some severe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to this one may easily lose his/her memory based on facts of flashback and traumatic events.
Again, some of sighs related with this dissociation might have some impact on consciousness as
they give prolonged influence on childhood stages. Where some of traumas are associated with
emotions and physical interaction with the person. It is also thought that one person neglect may
pose some negative impact on this as it is more profound on different generation. However, most of
this dissociation may be prominent due to matters of one's experience and brain storage, which may
retrieve easily the childhood experience and memories. Hence dissociative identity disorder (DID)
may be a prominent mechanism used to test the nature of consciousness in one's

Dissociative Experiences Scale
Dissociative Experiences Scale
Brittany Shears
Walden University
Abstract
In this paper it is understood that evaluating and shaping a mental health diagnosis can be
challenging due to several of the conditions presenting comparable indicators. In addition, a client
may not outwardly present symptoms, therefore, the only way to detect them involves using a scale.
It is important in finding a dependable and effective scale that regulates whether an individual
encounters the diagnostic criteria that will serve a purpose in the individual's life when it comes to
the correct research. The sole purpose of this paper is to dissect the Dissociative Experiences Scale
which is a solely dependable and effective scale that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Recent research has focused on clarifying the neurological basis of symptoms associated with
dissociation by studying neurochemical, functional and structural brain abnormalities that can result
from childhood trauma. Others in the field have argued that recognizing disorganized attachment
(DA) in children can help alert clinicians to the possibility of dissociative disorders. Clinicians and
researchers also stress the importance of using a developmental model to understand both symptoms
and the future course of DDs. In other words, symptoms of dissociation may manifest differently at
different stages of child and adolescent development and individuals may be more or less
susceptible to developing dissociative symptoms at different ages. Further research into the
manifestation of dissociative symptoms and vulnerability throughout development is needed.
Related to this developmental approach, more research is required to establish whether a young
patient's recovery will remain stable over

Our Ability to Connect with Nature
Nature is a reality of life. The definition of reality could be everything that cease to exist in an
individual's life. Because reality means something that is neither derivative nor dependent but exists
necessarily, nature should be a part of every individual's life. As individual human beings, we tend
to forget the beauty that nature has given us and only see objects and subjects we want to see.
Nature has existed since the beginning of time and the bible story of Adam and Eve may suggest
that an individual came from nature. In the Genesis 2:7, Adam was created by God from the Earth's
dust and Eve was created from Adam's rib. An individual should be able to connect with nature,
because the individual was first created by Earth's dust. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In "Selections From Into The Wild," Krakauer speaks about Chris McCandless who tried to
dissociate from society and anything that made life easy. McCandless went in to the Alaskans
wilderness to "explore the inner country if his own soul... [But] an extended stay in the wilderness
inevitably directs one attention outward as much as inward, and it is impossible to live of the land
without developing both a subtle understanding of, and a strong emotional bond with, that land and
all it holds"(Krakauer 220). McCandless goal was to create an identity with nature. McCandless
goal was to learn about himself, learn about the land, and form a bond with it. It was clear that he
would feel a strong bond with nature seeing that he was away from civilization. McCandless was
alone with nature and free to make a new identity. McCandless new identity with nature would be a
hunter, brave soul and courageous. In all three author's writing, they all mention how in order to
create an identity with nature, one must first dissociate themselves from their comfort zones.
Creating an identity with nature is easy but the willingness and determination to do it is hard. In
order to create an identity with nature, an individual has to be prepared. The comforts of our modern
world will not be able to help an individual understand the struggles of living in the wild. Many
people will say that McCandless was an idiot for going in to the wild, because he was not prepared.

Dissociative Disorder: A Case Study
The diagnosis assigned to this patient was:
DID (Dissociative Disorder/Multiple Personality Disorder)
My evaluation, thoughts, reflection, etc: After reading the facts and reviewing the DSM–5, I would
certainly agree with the team. Kendall definitely is the victim of Dissociative Disorder. One can
express this diagnosis, because she is enduring disconnection in her memory, feelings, and actions,
which is one of the biggest indicators of dissociative disorder. Moreover, during psychotherapy she
expressed losing touch with her surroundings and several alter egos appeared. Fortunately the
psychotherapy sessions worked and she was able to merge some of her personalities. While she did
not recover completed her dissociation is milder than before.

Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) Essay
Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)
Introduction:
Multiple personalities is a dissociative condition in which an individual's personality is apparently
split into two or more distinct sub–personalities, each of which may become dominant at different
times. People with multiple personality disorder suffer from internal chaos, roller–coaster emotions
and terrible memories. They also present confusing confusing and contradictory images to their
family and friends. But in spite of all this, MPD is a treatable disorder.
In theory, the developmental process behind MPD is a result of resorting to a mental escape from a
traumatic situation. This is essentially achieved when neither fleeing nor fighting can be used as a
defense option, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These other personalities are called "alters" and may develop permanency, so that the identity of a
single child fragments into many children in a single body. These abused children are often warned
by their abusers to maintain secrecy. Therefore horrid memories get buried deep into the caves of the
unconscious, each alter shielding his or her own traumatic memory. This also allows each alter to
become more independent.
Multiple personality disorder is very rare and is only found in about one percent of the population. It
is also believed that seven percent of the population has experienced at least some sort of
dissociative disorder in their life. Certain feelings are common to people with multiple personalities.
Most MPD individuals usually suffer from unreasonable fear, and this fear often evolves into terror.
They also have large blocks of missing memories. Some symptoms of MPD are depression, anxiety,
excessive compulsive behaviour, seizures, epilepsy, blackouts, headaches, and fatigue.
Multiple Personalities is not just one disorder, but is made up of many different dissociative
disorders.
Treatment:
There is no real cure for multiple personality disorder, the only treatment is forcing the repression of
the alter personalities. The first step in treating this disorder is to find a psychotherapist who is
familiar with dissociative disorders and who has taken special training in

The DSM–5 defines dissociative identity disorder (DID) as the occurrence of a minimum of two
different personalities and maybe more than two. It also clarifies that the switching between the
distinct personalities can be observed by the individual who is suffering from dissociative identity
disorder or witnessed by others. (Barlow, 2014, P. 1). This disorder used to be known as multiple
personality disorder, which is more recognized and understood to people without a psychology
background. This disorder can be quite intense to including the different identities have different
names, backgrounds, and memories. Dissociative identity disorder is fairly common in clinical
residents. It is believed that dissociative identity disorder has been around for as long as human
populations have been around. The most primitive cases of an individual suffering from DID
correspond with early cases on Mesmerism. Mesmerism was also known as hypnosis or animal
magnetism. There is a reason for these two occurring together in history and that is they have an
inherent association. The main thing DID and Mesmerism share is that they both deal with the
uncovering of several modified states of consciousness that were out of the ordinary.
The early 1800s gave us the first written records that describe dissociative identity disorder in very
accurate terms, some of the terms are similar to the way we still describe them today. In 1811,

Dissociation is defined as "a mental process, which produces a lack of connection in a person 's
thoughts, memories, feelings, actions, or sense of identity" (Grohol, 2016). The Dissociative Identity
Disorder (DID) is a severe condition in which two or more separate, distinct identities or personality
states are present in an individual. In other words, a person has, what seems like, actual distinct and
contrasting people in their head and these "alters" are able to take control of an individual's mind
and body at any time and act as a completely different individual. Each alter is capable of having its
own set of likes, dislikes, talents, memories, and personal experiences. The alters' usually have a
specific name, age, gender and possibly race. According to Psychology Today (2014), the alters'
characteristics are typically very different from the primary identity, including their history, self–
image, vocabulary, knowledge and predominant mood. The primary identity tends to be passive,
dependent, guilty and depressed. A person with DID experiences extensive memory loss which is
typically more extensive than what would be experienced by ordinary forgetfulness. For instance, if
an alter were to take over, once the individual is back in control of his or her own body, they
typically report not remembering anything that was done or said. Some individuals report feeling
"familiar" with the conversations or experiences that were had by the alter, but as if they had only
overheard

When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning It Was Friday Summary
Dissociation is a protective mechanism that stimulates a person to enter into a detached state, in
which the person is completely separated from his or her usual thought processes and memories. It
is a state activated by one's nervous system upon reaching maximum capacity to process the "real"
stimuli around him or her, thus causing that person to lose track of time and find another
representation of himself to continue in that moment. In "When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, it was
Friday," author and clinical psychologist Martha Stout explains her view of sanity and dissociation
by illustrating some experiences that her patients describe to her through several therapy sessions
they have with her. With the use of her patients' personal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Some people who suffer from dissociation and its negative experiences do so due to a history of
childhood abuse, like Julia, one of the author's patients, which most often leads them to believe they
can hide away their selves: "Because children dissociate readily...they easily split their
consciousness into pieces. The self is put aside and hidden....This coping strategy becomes
dysfunctional only later, after the child is grown and away from the original trauma...But through
the years of intensive use, the self–protective strategy has developed a hair trigger..." (Pg. 391)
Probably the worst consequences people can experience from dissociation are when their
dissociation becomes chronic and horrifically persistent, which is another reason why it becomes
such a detrimental experience in their lives. During this level of dissociation, the patient begins to
behave self–injurious and habituates addictive behaviors in order to gain a temporary relief. At this
stage, dissociation becomes so continual that it begins to limit the patient's perceptions. This is
evidently displayed by Julia when she poses one of the best questions the author has ever heard:
"Well, do you think I dissociate from my body, too? Because if that's what I'm doing, then it's the
illusion from hell...And even if it doesn't kill me, what's the use

Criminal Responsibility in Individuals with Dissociative...
A significant and controversial issue within the legal system is the 'insanity defense' in which during
a criminal trial, the defendant will make a claim that they are not guilty by reason of insanity, or in
other words, they have deficient and impaired cognitive and mental capabilities. These mental health
problems associated with insanity are caused by psychopathological disorders, which may have led
to their dysfunction. What separates this from a regular plead of 'diminished capacity' is that a plea
of insanity is a full defense rather than just a partial defense (Legal information institute, n.d.). With
the diminished capacity defense, the defendant's mental competence is still the focus, although they
are pleading to a lesser crime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though the individual may or may not be aware that the other personalities exist, they will have
knowledge of their amnesic episodes because of the gap in their memories in which they had no
awareness. Despite the extremely rare occurrence of DID, because of its unique characteristics, it is
well–known in society through many of its portrayals in media. A famous example is the novella,
Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, written by Robert Louis Stevenson, which portrays a
character possessing two distinct personalities that are in conflict, one that is evil and the other that
is good. Because of the increased interest in DID generated by Jekyll and Hyde, the split personality
seen within this character has become almost symbolic of the multiple personalities seen in DID.
There have been many other instances where multiple personalities have been portrayed in popular
culture. It can become quite exaggerated at times concerning the symptoms and how the disorder
develops in the first place, but there is an underlying truth behind how serious of an illness it can be.
If there's one thing Hollywood and popular media has

Is Violence A Violent Personality?
Violence is the first thing that comes to mind when a person talks about DID, but why is this so?
According to research and information gathered by Stanford University, it was assessed that these
people had experienced some form of violence in their childhood or teenage years and as they grew
up with this disorder, a violent personality was created (Stanford University). These violent
personalities are controlled based on their emotions and cannot be stopped from doing what they set
their minds to. People with DID are convicted and put behind bars more that many others because of
their violent personalities (The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law).
Bradford and Smith from Stanford University conducted a case study on thirty consecutive
homicide cases that was referred to a forensic psychiatry department for evaluation. From the
results, sixty percent of their subjects claimed to be in a dissociative state out of that, thirty seven
percent claimed dissociation during the act and twenty three percent claimed dissociation thirty
minutes to twenty four hours surrounding the crime (Stanford University Forensic Psychiatry). From
this data and statistics, it can be proved that many people with DID are put behind bars for actions of
their alternate personality's violent behavior. The creation of these personalities is not their fault;
they didn't choose to have a traumatic childhood, neither did they choose to end up the way they are.
For this reason, the

Ideas of Dissociation in Martha Stout’s When I Woke Up...
Even though our bodies are in one place, our minds may be in another. In Martha Stout's essay
"When I Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday," the author introduces us to the idea of
dissociation. Dissociation is when one's mind is away from the body and he or she does not know
what is going on in the physical world. Those that have traumatic histories may experience this. But
because of dissociation, victims may not know if they had a traumatic past because a memory of it
never really formed. Stout also finds that individuals may use dissociation as a way to protect
themselves from trauma. Sometimes the slightest and smallest piece of a traumatic memory may
bring into play the dissociation. When these individuals experience dissociation ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
She agreed to be hypnotized; she began to remember her dreams; she acknowledged her faint
suspicions" (Stout 387). It took years to get to the root of Julia's memory loss. To try to spark up a
memory, Stout offers Julia the option of hypnosis, and she took it. After the hypnosis they believe
they have found the answer to Julia's absent past: she was abused. To escape this she learned to
dissociate herself from her surroundings. This is why whenever the term "Los Angeles" is expressed
to her she "flies away" because the abuse happened in Los Angeles. But was she really abused or
was this something that was made up during her hypnosis sessions? Hypnosis isn't a proven science;
it is just a myth, a theory, just like black holes. Perhaps they never found out why Julia couldn't
remember her past and Stout just manipulates Julia into thinking she was abused just to give her an
answer, just to fill the holes. Instead of having been abused in Los Angeles, maybe she just didn't
like living there as a child so she would dissociate herself from living there. Sure Los Angeles has
beautiful sunny weather all year round, but no one can be eternally happy to be there, unless they're
the yellow guy on the pin with a smile from the seventies that was lost on a beach in Los Angeles.
Because Julia never formed any memories of her childhood, she may not have ever formed
memories of the people in her childhood, as in family members. When it comes to trust, she

Dissociative Identity Disorder Summary
Felicia Brooks, Molly Davis, Sabrina Fields, and Veronica Graham– Roireau
PSYCH/650
June 29, 2015
Professor Stacey Lederberg
Executive Summary
"Dissociative identity disorder is a condition in which a person manifests at least two or more
distinct identities or personality states that alternate in some way in taking control of behavior"
(Butcher, 2013, p. 285). Dissociative identity disorder has taken the place of the term "multiple
personality's disorder" because they needed a more accurate name for the disorder due to the fact
that "the alternate identities are now seen as fragments of a single personality like a mirror broken
into shards sometime in childhood." (Lost in the mirror: Women with multiple

Dissociation Identity Disorder In The Movie
According to (Nedelman 2017) Dr. Garrett Marie Deckel psychiatry and specialist on dissociation
identity disorder at the Mount Sinai's Icahn School of Medicine stated that individual with identity
disorders are not violent like it portraits character of Kevin Wendell Crumbs in the movie "Split"
displayed. During the interview Dr. Deckel disagreed with psychology aspect displayed in the
movie. Dr. Deckel stated that there were minor or no evidence of identity disorder within the movie;
however, in some part of the movie the character seems to battle with some type of identity disorder
according to the American Psychiatric Association definition for dissociation identity disorder.
(Brown 2017) On the contrary of Dr. Deckel's opinion, psychologist ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During the move the character was battling with several identities within the three clusters or groups
of types identity disorder. Kevin's identity disorder is consisting with a person who suffered a
traumatic experience as a child. According the movie plot, Kevin was abandoned by his father and
left with his abusive mother. According the Mayo Clinic (Dissociation Identity Disorder) the
definition of dissociation identity disorder, Kevin's identity disorder was developed due to his past
traumatic experiences as a child. In the movie one of Kevin's personalities display behavior of
obsessive compulsive disorder a disorder that the main goal is to archive order and perfection, and
antisocial PD define by the Mayo Clinic (Dissociation Identity Disorder) as a disorder or mental
health condition on which the individual shows no regards or compassion for others. Another of
Kevin's personality display symptoms of dependency personality, a child alters, a feminine alter, and
homosexual artistic alter. One alters that was mention several times was the beast, which was
described as an individual with inhuman characteristics and strength. All the personalities' behaviors
in movie are consisted with the definition and the clusters of dissociation identity disorder.
According to statics collected by the National Alliance on Mental Illness (Dissociation Disorders) in
the United States, at least 2% of the population experiences dissociation

History
Dissociative Identity Disorder, formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, was first
introduced in the 18th century and is one of the most talked about and publicized disorders. Before
the release of popular DID centering movies such Sybil and The Three Faces of Eve, "The total
number of cases ever reported was about 200; the number of current cases in North America is about
6,000" (Dolnick). This disorder is at the center of controversy and criticism and is still questioned by
some mental health professionals today. The complication is, "The condition is still far from the
medical mainstream. Part of the problem is that it is too glitzy for its own good, too easy to write off
as more suited to Hollywood and Geraldo Rivera than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Split is having a larger impact for younger people with DID; they're less familiar with older films,
such as "Psycho" and "Identity," that also contain violent characters with multiple personalities
(Nedelman). When people affected with DID see their disorder portrayed as monsters and serial
killers, they will feel that they have something to be ashamed of. They will see themselves as crazy
and something to be feared and therefore, won't get the help that they need. If filmmakers continue
to treat this disorder as entertainment, the DID community will continue to face discrimination and
it will only make their disorder worse. DID patients are not against the public seeing the movie, but
they hope for more education about the realities of this

Determining The Equivalent Mass And Dissociation Constant...
Determining the Equivalent Mass and Dissociation Constant of an Unknown Weak Acid by
Titrimetry
Ka Chun Wong, and James Ross, Ph.D.
East Los Angeles, Chemistry Department,
1301 Avenida Cesar Chavez, Monterey Park, CA 91754
Abstract
Chemistry 102 is the study of kinetics – equilibrium constant. When it comes to the study of acid–
base, equilibrium constant plays an important role that tells how much of the H+ ion will be released
into the solution. In this lab, the method of titrimetry was performed to determine the equivalent
mass and dissociation constant of an unknown weak monoprotic acid. For a monoprotic acid, it is
known that pH = pKa + log (Base/Acid). When a solution has the same amount of conjugate base
and bronsted lowry acid, log (Base/Acid) = 0 and pH = pKa. By recording the pH value throughout
the titration process and determining the pH at half– equivalence point, the value of Ka can be easily
calculated. In this experiment, the standardized NaOH solution has a concentration of 0.09834 M.
The satisfactory sample size of known B was 0.2117 g. The average equivalent mass of the
unknown sample was found to be 85.01 g, pKa was found to be 4.69, which was also its pH at half–
equivalence point and Ka was found to be 2.0439×〖10〗^(–5). The error was 1.255% for
equivalent mass and 0.11% for Ka. In other word, the experiment was very precise and accurate; the
identity of the unknown sample was determined to be trans–crotonic by the method of titrimetry.
Introduction

Dissociative Personality Disorder In The Vampire Diaries
Vampire Diaries (Season 5)
Synopsis
This season starts with a positive note where Elena the protagonist is hopeful and she and Caroline
are happy about going to college without knowing that Bonnie their best friend sacrificed her life to
resurrect Jeremy who is her boyfriend and Elena's Younger brother. As Bonnie's friends fight to
bring her back, as the anchor to the Other Side, Stefan had to face with his immortal doppelgänger
Silas, and the newly human Katherine (who was previously a vampire and also a doppelganger of
Elena the protagonist). She struggled with mortality and motherhood. Damon's &Elena's
relationship was put to test as Enzo, an old vampire friend from Damon's past, reveals that he is still
alive and looking for some revenge. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The objective of the study was to examine the dissociative phenomenology of dissociative Identity
Disorder (DID). The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID) was administered to 34
patients with DID, 23 patients with dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS), 52
patients with mixed psychiatric disorder, and 58 normal people. DID patients acquired essentially
higher scores than the other three gatherings on 27 separation related variables. DDNOS patients
had essentially higher scores than normals and mixed psychiatric patients on 17 and 15 dissociation
related variables, separately. The discoveries of the present study are for all intents and purposes
indistinguishable to an extensive assemblage of recreated discoveries about the dissociative
phenomenology of DID. This wide scope of separation related marvels, which routinely happens in
people with DID, is generally truant from the DSM–IV–TR record of DID. Element examination of
the 11 measurements of dissociation that are measured by the MID extricated one and only element
that represented 85% of the fluctuation. It was presumed that dissociation is a unifactorial taxon or
normal sort that has distinctive angles or epiphenomena (i.e., amnesia, depersonalization, voices,
daze, and so forth) (Williams, Wilkins

Trauma, By Daniel Gilbert, And Martha Stout 's The Mind 's...
Trauma is an inevitable aspect of life and all humans handle it in different ways. Humans have
learned over time to compensate for negative experiences in life through the interactions of the
mind, the body, and the brain. The ways in which they interact are exemplified by the biological
systems highlighted in the essays by Oliver Sacks, Daniel Gilbert, and Martha Stout. In "The Mind's
Eye," Sacks emphasizes that the trauma of losing one's vision often triggers the system of the mind's
eye to improve perception beyond sight, by means of neural plasticity and language. Comparatively,
Gilbert suggests in his essay "Immune to Reality" that negative situations in life can trigger the
psychological immune system to provide protection from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He is implying that many people who lose their vision have described an almost automatic
improvement in their other senses, as well as mental visualization mediated by language. Similarly,
Stout explained throughout her essay that some of her patients faced events that demonstrated a
"trauma–generated dissociation from the body itself, or more accurately, from those aspects of mind
that inform one of what is going on in the body" (Stout 436). Essentially, her patients separated their
minds from their bodies, but this was a subconscious disconnection––their minds did not inform
them of what was happening in the process of dissociation. Stout would therefore agree with Sacks
that the improved perception by the mind's eye in blind people must occur subconsciously, much
like how individuals experience divided consciousness outside of their awareness. If the mind's eye
could be controlled, for instance, then humans would presumably have the capacity to drastically
improve their mental visualization even without the loss of vision. However, humans lack the
control to improve the quality of life by using these biological systems because they occur
automatically. People cannot control

Dissociation Theory Of Hypnosis
What is hypnosis? Hypnosis is when a person is in a highly susceptible state of consciousness where
they are open to suggestion. Typically, it is used to help relax/calm a person, control/alleviate pain,
and recover from whatever they're experiencing. Being susceptible to suggestion makes it easy to be
affected mentally and physically. The hypnotist uses this to guide you or influence you into a certain
situation. When being hypnotized, the subject is in charge and can't be forced against their will.
Which means people can only be hypnotized if they're willing to be.
The Social–cognitive theory of hypnosis is a form of role–playing where people who are hypnotized
aren't in a different state of consciousness, but are simply acting the way others expect them to in
that situation (Sarbin & Coe, 1972). The Dissociation theory of hypnosis is a dissociation of
consciousness where the mind is split in two parts (1991; Hilgard & Hilgard, 1994). One part of the
mind is conscious and the other part of the mind is the "hidden observer". ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For as long as I can remember, it was a constant trial and error effort to get her to stop. It would
affect me as well because I cared for her. She would go through the rough stages of withdraw and
then give up. The withdraw symptoms of nicotine are almost as bad as the symptoms of alcohol,
cocaine, or heroin (Epping–Jordan et al., 1998). For a while, I used think that hypnosis would cure
my mother's cigarette smoking habit instantly! I thought all we had to do next is go to Las Vegas and
get her hypnotized. Now, I've applied psychology to figure out that doing hypnotic therapy sessions
would work better instead of going to Las Vegas for

Accepting Reality Is An Endeavor Essay
Accepting reality is an endeavor that most individuals struggle with; they believe that an individual's
perception of the world is what exists in reality, and hence may exclude themselves from learning
the details that will actually enable them to grasp a true understanding of reality. As a result, we may
trap ourselves in our own mental worlds, with our own understanding of reality. While some may be
trapped in their own mental worlds due to the fact that they are excluding themselves from learning
the truth about reality, some may be trapped in his or her own mental worlds for various other
reasons, one of which includes trauma. Trauma affects one's understanding of reality because trauma
causes one to either overreact or not react to the realities in life. In addition, trauma can also prevent
one from having an understanding of his or her surroundings. Martha Stout, the author of "When I
Woke Up Tuesday Morning, It Was Friday," describes how her patients are affected by trauma and
how living life both in a dissociative state and in reality affects them, because an individual may
never have a true understanding of reality. Stout relates the stories of trauma victims, to indicate that
one's traumatic experience can cause dissociation and influence an individual's life to a great extent.
When an individual goes through a trauma, he or she feels disconnected from the world around him
or herself, which ultimately leads to that individual being trapped in his or her own mental

Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative disorders embrace a diversity of symptoms related to alterations in consciousness
which vary from amnesia regarding autobiographical events to distortions in identity and the
experience of reality (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. [DSM–V];
American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). The nature of dissociative symptoms such as
depersonalization, derealization and absorption has been studied by researchers in a systematic
manner during the past decades. Besides that mild forms of dissociative symptoms are found quite
often in general population (Gershuny & Thayer, 1999), yet they are especially prominent in groups
of patients suffering from borderline personality disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the clinical literature it is very common the distinction between dissociative states and
dissociative traits (e.g. Bremmer, 2010; Bremmer & Brett, 1997), whereas state dissociation is
described as a transient symptom and trait dissociation is described as an innate personality
characteristic. The prevalence of dissociative symptoms in both clinical and non–clinical
populations leads to the notion that dissociation is a continuum (Bernstein & Putnam, 1986) which
extends from non–pathological manifestations of daydreaming to severe distortions of personality
typical of dissociative disorders (Giesbrecht & Merckelbach, 2008; Holtgraves & Stockdale, 1997;
Irwin, 2001). The realm of dissociative disorders encompasses dissociative identity disorder (e.g.
experience of two or more identity entities taking control of one's behavior), dissociative amnesia
(e.g. inability to recall important autobiographical information related to a traumatic event),
depersonalization (e.g. experience of an unreal or absent self) – derealization (e.g.
objects/individuals experienced as unreal) disorder (DMS–V,

Determine The Dissociation Constant, Ka, Of Acetic Acid
The Strength of a Solutions is a three–part experiment. In part one of the experiment you had to
determine the dissociation constant, Ka, of Acetic Acid. In order to do so, sodium hydroxide is
titrated into a sample of acetic acid and the equivalence point is determined. Part two of the
experiment consists of tested the dissociation constant. Acetic acid is mixed with sodium acetate.
Part three of the experiment consists of adding acid or bases into the buffer solution and observing
the changes that occur.
The independent variable in this experiment is the titration of acetic acid being titrated with sodium
hydroxide. While the dependent variable is the pH calculated for the acetic acid as sodium
hydroxide is being added to the solution. Acetic acid is commonly used in vinegar. "We use vinegar
for so many things – for cooking, cleaning, laundry and many other household uses, like unclogging
drains (Garcia 2015)." If sodium hydroxide is titrated into acetic acid the equivalence point will be
near 5–5.5 pH, because the addition of the buffer solutions will decrease the effect of the acid and
base and maintain a relatively near the pH of the original buffer solution.
Methods:
To begin the experiment first obtain the required safety goggles and equipment. Part one of the
experiment begins with calibrating the pH meter using buffer solutions of 7 pH and 4 pH. The pH
measurement should be 0.10. After the use and calibrating the pH meter rinse the electrode using
distilled

Dissociative Identity Disorder and Communication Essay
In this critical reflection paper, I will aim to discuss ways in which those diagnosed with
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) attempt to communicate with their co–personalities, also how
those with DID sort through the multi–personality layers within themselves to aim for a sense of
normality, calmness and co–existence.
Communication is an important part of those diagnosed with Dissociative Identity Disorders. DID
can commonly be described as a severe condition in which two or more distinct identities, or
personality states, are present in–and alternately take control of–an individual, John Wiley (2012).
The process involved in breaking down the layers of personality begins with looking at the Russian
Matouschka dolls analogy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This system can clearly be encompassed in the 'system doll' Kaye (2013, pp.86). Kaye clearly
outlines the system of a Dissociative Identity Disorder by saying that, 'people can influence the way
these systems or organisations will develop or deteriorate'.
Assagioli (1984), developed the theoretical base of psychosynthesis to assist those with DID to
break down the barriers of dissociative symptoms. Psychosynthesis is described as being closely
related to Existential therapy – a kind of psychotherapy that emphasizes the development of a sense
of self–direction through choice, awareness, and acceptance of individual responsibility, Schneider.
K & Rollo. M, (2012).
Assagioli (1984), explains that Psychosynthesis 'aims to promote growth and to integrate this
personality, to coordinate various personality aspects, to resolve inner conflicts and create a sense of
harmony'. In a sense, Assagioli utilises inter–personal

Case Study- Dissociative Identity Disorder
Patient Name: Sherry
Diagnosis & Assessment
Axis 1: Clinical Syndrome: Dissociative Identity Disorder
Sherry has recently been given the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder or formally known as
multiple personality disorder. She has had multiple hospitalizations over the last several years, and
has been given multiple different diagnoses ranging from schizophrenia (disorganized type), bipolar
disorder, major depression, and borderline personality disorder. She has been placed on several
different types of medications at the time of these hospitalizations depending on the diagnosis,
ranging from lithium to a variety of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs, such as Thorazine.
Upon reviewing her case further I feel that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She is currently in known contact with her twin sister and her mother. When Sherry was a child she
was physically abused and neglected by her mother, there are accounts of Sherry's mother having
broken Sherry's tooth and also having bloodied her nose before she turned four. Another account of
abuse is from a hospital report stating that Sherry received second–degree burns on her chest due to
her mother throwing a pot of boiling water at her in a fit of rage. Later Sherry's parents when
Sherry's parents divorced and her mother remarried her stepfather then became physically abusive
towards the girls, often beating them with a board studded with nails as the primary form of
punishment. After a couple of years Sherry and her sister were then sent to move in with their father
who also was abusive towards them during his alcoholic binges, when he would beat the girls with a
belt buckle. After the girls were taken away from their father and placed in the care of their mother,
she sent them away to live at boarding school. Sherry was a mediocre student and felt she had no
hope of getting into a good college so upon graduating she joined the Army, where for the first time
in her life she was separated from her sister. It was not until this point into that Sherry began
exhibiting strange behavior

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