Abi Archbold Case Study

Abi Archbold Case Study
Issue Analysis Survey– Abi Archbold
1. As a motorist, are there any concerns when factoring in cyclists on Australian roads?
Yes. There are more and more clogging up our roads. Most are cycling for leisure and not transport.
Cyclists on busy transport roads are slowing traffic and must be restricted to cycling paths off the
main roads. It is dangerous to move around cyclists when double white lines are present and difficult
to slow,down in time.
2. Do you believe cyclists should pay registration and be required to possess a license before being
allowed access to roads?
Yes! A cycling tax as such would allow for the development of cycling paths and lanes. Reduced
costs for cyclists doing so for transport and more for those doing so for
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Adjusting Mountain Bikes
It is very vital for bikers to master simple basics on adjusting gear ratios. This helps to minimize
gear shifting technical hitches that arises when riding a mountain bike. This mostly occurs when a
mountain bike skips a gear or fails to shift into gear. Mountain bikers experiencing this problem
need to learn how to adjust their gears before biking.
The following are vital guidelines on adjusting mountain bike gears.
(a) Having a strong bike stand– This positions your bike well for easy gear adjustment when not
riding.
(b) Ensuring that your limits screws are properly adjusted– This is possible by ensuring that your
front derailleur is well adjusted by setting low and high limits properly. This is done using two tiny
screws labeled 'L' and 'H' denoting Low limit and High limit respectively.
(c) Shifting to the lowest gear in the front– This is possible by shifting ... Show more content on
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Seeking a more experienced bike repairer is important to fix all problems that may persist after these
adjustments.
(k) Adding lube to your chain– This ensures proper and smooth gear shifting.
Proper gear shifting ensures that your mountain bike is able to cruise easily on rough service, grass,
loose gravel and mud. The bike is also able to overcome friction caused by excess dirt when biking.
The main advantage of a mountain bike with smooth working gear ratios over a normal road bike is
its ability to overcome the challenges of friction caused by gravel, dirt and mud. The mountain bike
is also able to tackle hills with much ease than a normal road bike.
In summary, having the above essential tips on adjusting gear ratios ensures that the biker uses less
effort when controlling the rear tire. Smooth gear shifting ratios also assures the biker high
efficiency when biking.
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Literature Review On Physical Activity
The purpose of this literature review is to summarize current research regarding physical activity
and its effects on Alzheimer Disease (AD). Alzheimer's is a disease that causes a decline in memory
and cognitive abilities. It is estimated that the number of people living with Alzheimer's will rise to
115.4 million people by 2050 (Cyarto et al., 2010). Much research is trying to find an end to
Alzheimer Disease, but has resulted in no cure as of yet. Alzheimer's impacts many people and
exercise could potentially be a wonderful tool to help decrease symptoms and decrease rates. The
following literature review provides 10 study results and an overview of the affects exercise has on
patients with Alzheimer's.
The first study by Cyarto et al. (2010) obtained 230 community participants who had been
diagnosed with Alzheimer Disease to participate in their study. The participants were obtained
through local physicians, memory clinics, specialists and advertising flyers. These participants were
randomly assigned to a moderate physical activity group or a sedentary group. The study was 24
weeks long and included questionnaires to help document the results. Results determined that the
non–exercise group had higher scores on the Alzheimer disease Assessment scale, which indicates
decreased cognitive function. A study done by Morris et al. (2017) also obtained participants
through public advertisements, community talks, physicians and various databases. Unlike the
previous study, this

Essay about Alternative Transportation & Greenways System...
Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan
In Transportation Alternative's "Bicycle Blueprint" for the five boroughs of New York City, John
Kaehny, executive director, states:
Making greenway networks a reality will require partnership between planners and advocates, on
the one hand, and public officials controlling purse strings on the other. Local elected officials,
particularly city council members and borough presidents, have to be reminded that greenways can
multiply the value and variety of open space in the region at very low cost in public resources; under
ISTEA, bike and pedestrian projects may be paid for using a 20/80 local/federal matching formula.
What's more, by offering fresh air, recreation, quiet and sheer ... Show more content on
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This committee is charged with guiding Ratio Architects, the city contracted engineering firm, in
facilitating public workshops, preparing the planning document, and crafting a comprehensive plan.
This paper will explore the policy process underlying the development of the City of Bloomington's
Alternative Transportation and Greenways System Plan. It will investigate the issues and the actors,
the rules and policies that influence an outcome, priorities and alternatives, as well as the lessons
that can be learned from this project and others like it.
Issues
First and foremost, the most pressing issue and reason for the current greenways project rests on the
desire of the citizenry to realize and exercise alternative means of transportation. Indiana, like most
mid–western states, is heavily dependent upon fossil fuels and recognizes the strong hold that fuel
economies have on its citizens. In Life After Oil Jeremiah Creedon states, "Oil supplies are
dwindling – and much faster than most business, government, and even environmental leaders
recognize. Problems are already appearing in the form of climbing gasoline prices, electricity
shortages, and skyrocketing heating bills."3
Nonetheless Indiana still seems perfectly

Bike-Laness In Chelsea
"Vroom Vroom , Move out of my way!" Does that sound familiar? When biker's ride the roads of
Chelsea it can be dangerous and frustrating. There are no bike lanes in Chelsea, and that can cause
problems. A problem with there not being bike lanes in Chelsea is the biker does not have an area in
the road to drive so they have to drive in the road and that can cause traffic jams. Another problem is
the biker's life is in danger. The biker could get hit by a car, tailspin, and they might need to stop
making it easier to accidentally get hit by a car. But, there is a solution. In Chelsea, citizens can raise
money and put in bike lanes. This gives biker's a path to ride and stay out of driver's way.
A problem with Chelsea is that bikers get in the way of cars on the roads, because there are no bike
lanes. This is a problem because it can cause traffic jams and a life hazard. It is putting the bikers
life in danger of being hit by a car. There are many places in Chelsea that this is happening but, one
place it is happening a lot is King home drive which is next to a school putting more lives than just
the biker in danger. Another area where bikers commonly go is ... Show more content on
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This will help solve the problem because it gives bikers a safe, out of the way, place to ride their
bikes.It also gives them the ability to drive as fast and slow as they want and still take the route they
want to take. Two locations that are crowded with bikers without bike lanes are highway eleven and
King home drive. King home drive is a very dangerous place to ride a bike because it is near an
elementary school so, you are not only having a possibility of your life in danger but also little kids
life in danger. This solution will work because it will give bikers a safe way to ride their bikes out of
the way of big and bulky cars, and stay out of traffic but still take the route they want to

Persuasive Essay On Bicycle Safety
It has been asserted many times by mothers and law enforcement that people should use a bicycle
helmet, but many ignore the tip and increase the danger they face on a bike. Surprisingly in
California only those under 18 must wear a helmet (Coalition), but even adults should wear them as
the chance of injury increases when riding without one. The reasons why those under 18 have to
wear a helmet are reasonable as the organization KidsHealth in the article "Bike safety" informs
people that "Every year, about 300,000 kids go to the emergency department because of bike
injuries, and at least 10,000 kids have injuries that require a few days in the hospital. Some of these
injuries are so serious that children die, usually from head injuries". Death is a big reason to cause
the law to require kids to wear helmet, so all cyclists who wish to ride safely should wear a helmet
regardless of age. It is such an important piece of gear that bicycle safety is almost impossible to
think of without also thinking about a bike helmet. As in D. K. Howe's article "Bicycle Safety" the
United States Safety Administration provides the tip, "Wear a properly fitted helmet. It is the single
most important piece of safety equipment you can use".
Now that the importance of following laws and wearing a helmet have been addressed, it is time
bicyclist are aware of keeping a well maintained bike to lower the amount of accidents even more.
Safety is not all about keeping the head secured and knowing what

How To A Wheelchair Ramp
In this picture, there is a sign posted along the railing of a wheelchair ramp. This sign reads "This is
a wheelchair access ramp. Do not lock bicycles to these railings. Bicycles locked to these railings
are subject to removal and/or citation by University Police." It is assumed by the context of the
material on the sign that some previous incident had occurred that required someone at Miami
University or the University Police to post this sign. Therefore, some previous student or students
here at Miami University misused their privilege and locked their bicycles to the railings of this
wheelchair ramp. By locking their bicycles to the wheelchair ramp, it may have prevented a disabled
student from reaching their class on time, or being able to enter or leave the building safely. Miami
University is hard enough to navigate and get from one place to another without a handicap, and
when students do not consider the physical capabilities of their peers it can cause problems. This
picture demonstrates able–bodied privilege because students here at Miami had not thought of their
privilege when using this railing as a bike rack. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I left my class on Thursday and found this sign, my first thought was "this is privilege." My
next immediate thought was "have I ever blocked a wheelchair ramp or used some other tool
designed to help disabled people?" I have never locked a bike to a wheelchair ramp, but that doesn't
mean I have not used my privilege in a way to accidently cause someone else problems. Able–
bodied people should keep this in mind when using an elevator, especially when it says that it isn't
for everyone's use, or when using a handicapped restroom stall, or anything else designed to make
someone else's life

The Importance Of Exercise During The School Year
During this two week period, I noticed that one of the main barriers to exercise during the school
year is I have a ton of homework. I constantly feel that I am choosing between the two, and
homework always wins. This means I rarely workout while taking classes. I also noticed if I choose
to walk to class and to work it helps me reach my step goal and I feel better about myself. Another
trend I noticed was on there weekends I was less likely to meet any of my goals. This tells tells me I
am much more active during the week, and lazy on the weekends. I was also took more steps per
day the second week after I set my goal to reach 9,000 steps. My non–exercise physical activity is
not really a problem, if I choose to walk places that I need to go, such as work and class. I do not
meet the 10,000 steps per day recommendation. I reached that goal some days, but not most days.
With the amount of steps I took most days, I could be considered a somewhat active individual,
which ranges from 7,500 steps to 9,999 steps per day. I fell within this range most days. The area
where I am really lacking is exercise physical activity. Over the summer when I have more time I
exercise almost everyday at the recreation center. During the school year I am packed with working
three jobs and having six classes. I would love to be able to get to the gym all the time, but it has to
include sacrificing something, such as not getting studying or homework done. I do not meet the
Physical Activity

Persuasive Essay On Biking
Saving the Earth, becoming healthier, and saving money is as simple as commuting by bike. Biking
can save over 80 cents per mile, so if you commute 10000 miles a year, by switching to biking that's
8000 dollars. That's on the extreme side though, it's not practical to completely switch to biking.
Personal health is also huge, that in itself can save money down the road on medical costs, and
you'll be happier. The environment can also be helped by biking, as there are fewer cars on the road.
Biking to work will save you, the environment, and your wallet, all in one simple switch. No one
can argue that biking isn't good for you. It's a form of exercise that many take a part in, including
me. Although I don't commute by bike, I still use my free time to go out and take rides. Commuting
by bike can save time if you would otherwise drive to a workout center. Simply substitute
commuting via bike for that time going to the gym. Also if you don't have time to go to the gym,
you can use the time commuting to bike to work. During the summer of 2016 I biked to and from
work each day, and on top of that, I did leisure rides which then added many more miles biked. I
managed to save a lot of money and gained physically from it. Money is another large aspect of
commuting with a bike. It is easy to bike up a decent used road bike or mountain bike from 100 to
300 dollars. Yearly maintenance is also a lot cheaper than using a car. I spent less than 100 dollars
on maintenance on my 1000 dollar road bike. Then with my car, including gas and maintenance was
easily around 1000 dollars a year, if not more. If I could bike to work each day I would do it, sadly
my job involves driving during work. A study done by Conservation Law Foundation showed that
on average per mile, biking costs 14 cents. However, driving alone costs 54 to 94 cents. On top of
saving money and becoming healthier, a side effect is that it helps the environment. I won't lie, I
don't bike to save the environment. I bike to save money and to get healthier. But it is very true that
biking gives off zero emissions. 40% of all trips by car are under 2 miles. That in itself is pretty
remarkable. The article by Leaf Group then shows that the 50% of a car's

Number Of Bike Riders In The United States
It's calculated that there are about 85 million bike riders in the U.S. over half a million of them wind
up in ERs each year. Nearly 70,000 people are hospitalized every year merely because they didn't
wear a helmet.
Putting on a helmet when cycling is the best possible way to keep yourself from suffering a major
injury. No matter if you're an experienced cyclist or a beginner, this is the top rule of cycling.
They're cheap and available at retailers nationwide. Sadly, only a small percentage of bike riders
adopt this elementary rule and many pay the price.
Cycle accident head injury stats are astounding. Nearly one out of every 8 results in brain damage.
Moreover, two–thirds of bike accident deaths are the result of traumatic brain injury. Experts say the
vast majority of these fatalities and injuries could have easily ... Show more content on
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There are usually things like sign posts, rubbish cans and even cars parked across them. These
things can be hard to navigate, especially when combined with people walking about. The risk of
injury to the cyclist or an innocent pedestrian is rather high. It's best to stay off the footpath with
your bicycle.
The most dangerous time of day to ride a bike is in the darker hours. Children are especially
vulnerable because of their small size. Cyclists and their bicycles can be hard to see unless they have
reflective gear on. For even higher visibility, headlamps, taillights and even directional lights should
be installed on any bike that will be ridden at nighttime.
No matter where you ride your bike, what type of bike you ride, or your age, cycling can be a whole
lot of fun. You can keep yourself safe by complying with some basic safety principles and donning a
properly fitted helmet. Knowing you're safe and being confident in traffic will make your ride much
more enjoyable.
Next time we'll talk about bike upkeep and repair. Find out what you can do to keep your bike riding
smooth for many years to

Bike Science Project
The scientific question of the project was, Does the size of a tire affect the bike's speed? The
hypothesis was , If the smaller tires were used, then the bike would go faster. The important
procedures were: Make sure all equipment is ready. Test the standard wheel of 1 rotation or pedal a
second to ride to the finish line. Test smaller and bigger wheels. Record data and have at least 3
trials. Record the data on a piece of paper and compare results to your hypothesis. The Independent
variable is the size of the wheel on the bike. The Dependent variable is the standard wheel or tire on
the bike. The control group was the bike's speed and the standard wheel or tire. The Experimental
group is the other tires or wheels being tested on the bike. The control variables were the rate of
pedaling , the same bike model was used, and the same distance for ... Show more content on
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The background research had talked about different types and sizes of wheel and the distance in can
cover in a certain amount of time. The tools used were: a stopwatch ,to record the speed. A bike and
3 different tires were used to conduct the main part of the experiment. Tools like a wrench was used
to help fix the bikes tires and replace the smaller, bigger, or standard tires. The science experiment
was very successful and went well. Other considerations are to use more different tires to have a
variety of information to make sure there were no extraneous variables in the experiment that caused
the results to have the outcome it had. More trials could have been used to also help make a more of
an accurate data table to also make sure there were no extraneous variables. Other things that could
have been done was to have made sure the surface was level at all times. It could have an effect on
the speed of the bike. It could have caused the data to have a different

Questions On Joint Pain And Stiffness
6 Exercises To Help In Joint Stiffness
Overview
Joint pain and stiffness is a common condition affecting most people today. Conditions such as
arthritis are the known causes of joint pain and stiffness. If you have ever suffered from joint
stiffness, then you know how difficult day to day activities can be. While medication will help ease
the pain in the long run, there are exercises that you may try that will help you relief the pain and the
stiffness. Forget the popular belief that exercise will increase the pain. On the contrary, it is lack of it
that will make the situation even worse. If you are suffering from severe joint pain, try one of these
exercises, However, before you start on any exercise ensure you consult your doctor so that he or
she may advice you on which exercise is safe for you. Such exercises include:
1. Aerobics
They are also known as endurance exercises. They are excellent if you are looking to improve
cardiovascular health, stamina or general weight management. The thing about aerobics is that they
will not only help you reduce the joint stiffness, but also help in overall fitness by keeping you
energized throughout the day. Aerobic exercises range from walking, swimming, cycling and such
activities. About thirty minutes of low impact aerobics three times a week will work wonder on your
joints.
2. Leg Stretch
This exercise targets the joints on the lower body. It is majorly known as the hamstring stretch. To
do this, sit on the edge of a chair and

Arguments For Or Against Bicyclist's Rights?
Today's society is more concerned about healthy lifestyles than ever before. This means more and
more people are taking to their bikes to get around. But, the existence of bikes with cars is a
dangerous combination. With the heavy volume of traffic around town, it is easy to see how a cyclist
can be in an accident and seriously injured. If this happens, it is critical that the cyclist knows his or
her rights, and fights for a full recovery for their injuries. The most frequently asked questions about
bicyclist rights include: ● Are cyclists supposed to follow the same rules of the roads as cars? The
answer is yes! Cyclists have the same rights, but also the same responsibilities as drivers of vehicles.
● Does a bike rider have to limit their

Transport By Bicycle May Seem To Be A Thing Of The Past
Transport by bicycle may seem to be a thing of the past but benefits associated with the trend
continue to give hope to those who see it as a means of daily transport. In the United states, majority
of the population consider cycling as a means of recreation and for leisure; and so most people don't
consider bicycles as a mode of transportation. Cycling is for everyone of all shapes, sizes, and age.
Over the years, America has learned to depend solely on cars and trucks, which operate on fossil
fuel for transportation needs. This credence generally contributes to air pollution which has negative
consequences on health (Srinivasan, O'Fallon, & Dearry, 2003). The elderly, children, individuals
with hypersensitive airway diseases, and even ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Physical inactivity has been known to result in health consequences like obesity and heart diseases.
70%of US health costs are due to obesity associated diseases (Levine, 2011). Coronary artery
disease is the most common type of heart disease estimated to killing about 385,000 people in the
America annually. Coronary Artery Disease statistically, is the most prevalent cause of death in
American for both men and women, causing 600,000 deaths annually, which comes to about 1 in
every 4 deaths, males > females. The estimated economic cost of Coronary artery disease in the
United States is $109 billion per annum. Which will also include costs of medications, ER
admissions and healthcare services (Cassar, Gersh, Holmes, & Rihal, 2009).
Bicycling can help profit the same betterment in physical performance as other specific training
programs, and cycling at a proportionally low intensity for just 30 minutes a day and at least 3 times
weekly can increase life expectancy by several years (Hendriksen, Zuiderveld, Kemper, & Bezemer,
2000). Although positive health results cannot be attributed to biking alone, notwithstanding, the
benefits of amalgamating exercise and physical activity into one's day–to–day lifestyle is
incontrovertible. Exercising has been linked to psychological health and happiness. A study revealed
that people who exercise have an overall happier attitude both psychologically, and behaviorally by
using

Common Causes Of Bicycle Accidents
Some of the most common causes of bicycle accidents include: Turn Accidents: Often drivers of
motor vehicles turn left in front of an oncoming bicyclist. This type of accident is generally called a
left cross. Similarly, a motor vehicle can turn right in front of a bicyclist. This is called a right hook.
In both cases, there is a risk of collision with a bicyclist. Distracted Driving – Our roads are
inundated with distracted drivers. Texting, talking or even checking emails is a common cause of
distraction for drivers. When a driver is distracted, the chances of a collision with a bicyclist tend to
increase. Either the driver will fail to see the cyclist or may be unable to act swiftly if a cyclist
appears suddenly. Drunk Driving – This is another common cause of bicycle accidents. Drivers who
are under the influence of alcohol or drugs are more likely to make a mistake. They may miss seeing
the cyclist altogether or may fail to determine the cyclist's speed or distance which could cause an
accident. Dooring Accidents: These accidents occur when occupants of a motor vehicle open the
door without accounting for the fact that there could be an oncoming cyclist. In such cases, cyclists
can collide with the door, lose control and sustain injuries. Defective Cycle: There are situations
when the collision may involve a motor vehicle and a bicyclist but the cause of the accident may not
be the vehicle but a defective bicycle. If there is some mechanical fault with the cycle, the

Persuasive Essay
The benefits of bicycling for one's fitness and health are obvious. Any type of normal exercise
regimen, followed weekly, is good for an individual's long–term health. Exercise is beneficial for the
human body. Sticking to a dedicated fitness regimen helps an individual improve his/her
cardiovascular system and lowers blood pressure within the body. Along with following a diet plan
and eating healthy, a routine weekly exercise regimen helps keep off excess weight.
I have been an avid bicyclist for over 30 years. Instead of receiving keys to a car on my 16th
birthday, my parents went out and bought me a 10–speed bicycle. I know that 10 speeds for a
bicycle nowadays would be considered out–dated. But, please remember this was back in the
summer of 1973. Even though I ran track in high school, and would become all–state in short–
distant sprints by the time I graduated, I found a love in bicycling. A few years later while attending
college, I would have about five weeks off in between the time that school got out upon the
completion of semester finals, and when I would start my job as a summer camp counselor. During
that five week period, instead of sitting on the couch daily and watching television for hours at a
time, I simply got out my bike and rode around the outskirts of the town that I lived in at the time.
My normal route was about 25–30 miles. It involved climbing several hills, but after each workout I
felt invigorated.
As I mentioned earlier, I also ran track in high

Exercising in Your Home can Save Your Life, Time, and Money
Whether you want to lose weight, strengthen your bones, improve your mood, reduce your risk of
serious health conditions, such as certain cancers, diabetes, and heart disease, or just lead a more
active lifestyle, regular exercise can do the trick. (See References 1) You don't need fancy equipment
or a gym membership to get a good workout. Exercising at home is just as effective, and can safe
you time and money.
Cardiovascular Workout Session
Exercise that makes you breath harder and sweat is known as cardio or aerobic exercise. The
Centers for Diseases Control recommends doing this type of exercise at a moderate pace, for at least
150 minutes a week. (See References 2) If available at home, you can use a treadmill, elliptical
machine or stationary bike, for 30 minutes, five days a week. Other cardio options can include
exercising along with a cardio DVD, jogging or marching in place, jumping rope, or doing
exercises, such as knee highs, jumping jacks, mountain climbers, butt kickers, and squat thrusts.
When exercising, raise your heart rate to a point where you can still talk, but not sing. (See
References 3, p. 207)
Strength–Training Workout Session
The CDC recommends strength training on at least two days of the week. (See References 2) At
home, it's convenient to use exercise bands, dumbbells or water bottles, or just your body weight for
resistance. Try targeting your major muscle groups to stimulate muscle all throughout your body.
Bands and dumbbells or water

Bicycle Pollution
Transportation is an important factor in the United States of America. Many people need to get to a
certain point at a certain time, and traffic gets worse day by day. Riding a bicycle would be the best
kind of transportation for the Tampa Bay Area because it reduces pollution in the air, it allows
people to exercise, and it cost less than a vehicle. First and foremost, riding a bicycle reduces
pollution in the air because it does not require gasoline to function. Many people do not realize how
much gasoline pollutes the air, however they continue to use vehicles as a form of transportation.
Riding a bicycle saves one thousand five hundred kilograms of greenhouse gas emission whenever
someone cycles ten milligrams to work (Government). I believe people in the Tampa Bay Area
should ride bicycles rather than driving a vehicle because the amount of pollution vehicles causes
harms the environment. When riding a bicycle not only does it protect the environment, but it
reduces the amount of greenhouse gases being brought into the environment. Pollution is an
increasing concern especially for those people who decide to cycle to work (Boseley). In my
opinion, pollution is caused by those who decide to use a vehicle that requires petroleum to function,
however those who chose to drive a vehicle, those people should respect a person who is making a
difference in the world. For example, if a car is driving by they should not accelerate quickly, for it
releases toxic chemicals

The Built Environment Factors and Elements Essay
Physical inactivity is an important international public health issue as the population is becoming
increasingly sedentary. Physical activity is any bodily movement that is produced by the skeletal
muscles and requires energy expenditure. It is important in everyday life as it is essential for growth
and development. Physical activity produces progressive health benefits since avoiding a sedentary
life will decrease the chances of obesity and sedentary death syndrome. Furthermore, daily physical
activity will lead one to become physically fit which will allow them the freedom to do everyday
tasks without a problem. However, not everyone can be physically active as some populations
encounter barriers that prevent them from being active. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2004), Addy et al. (2004), Sallis et al. (2009), Glanz & Sallis (2009), Titze et al. (2008), and
Brownson et al. (2003). One of the biggest built environment factors that may discourage kids from
being physically active is violence and crime. Neighbourhood lighting is also a factor as residents
believe low lit neighbourhoods are more susceptible to crime. Of the six articles, two of them have
shown a relationship between neighbourhood crime and physical activity (Gόmez et al., 2004; Sallis
et al., 2009). Gόmez et al. (2004) conducted a cross–sectional study (a study of a population group
at a point in time) on seventh graders. It was called project PACT (Physical Activity Changes in
Teenagers) and it was held in various middle schools in San Antonio. Gόmez et al. (2004) surveyed
the seventh graders and also measured crime densities within a ½ mile radius of the participant's
homes. Data of crimes committed around the target area were obtained from the San Antonio police.
The results from Gόmez et al. (2004) stated that the density of crime within a neighbourhood is
inversely related to the girl's physical activity but not the boys. These results may be due to gender–
specific roles. Females are viewed as more precious and fragile so the family may keep them inside
to protect them from the violence in the neighbourhood. On the other hand, boys are

Health Advantages And Cures Of Cycling
Cycling
Since the 1800's riding bicycles is a daily life activity. It could be indoor cycling or outdoor. These
Cardio gyms are now known to maintain weight. Cycling can boost your overall fitness condition.
Because it is an intense cardio exercise that works the entire body at once. Day by day numbers of
indoor and outdoor cyclist are increasing, to archive this massive health benefits. Stationary Bikes
are the safest riding then outdoor cycling. Here we listed some common cycling injuries and their
cures.
Are There Common Cycling Injuries?
"My right knee just started hurting about 4 days ago. I am having sharp pains on the lateral side of
my knee. I had to bike the last couple days with just my left leg, which (wasn't a good thing)!
Hopefully, it will be better tomorrow!" David Shirley, taking a few days off in Portland, Oregon.
Asking the question implies the answer; of course, cycling has its list of common injuries, which are
amplified when a cyclist rides cross country over a period of several months–– which is the situation
with David.
Head Injuries
Head injuries are common among bicyclists who do not wear helmets, which come as no surprise,
considering it is not that difficult to hit a pothole while gazing at scenery or to be hit by a cell phone
obsessed driver. About 540,000 cyclists in the U.S. visit the emergency room each year, and of
those, 67,000 have head injuries.
According to helmet riding on a major road between intersections in an urban area on a

4 Easy Workouts
Being a US Soldier we go through rigorous training, but today I want to share with you 4 easy
workouts you can do when you suffer with back pain. As an army medic, I would carry around gear
weighing as much as 80lbs. Granted to say that it doesn't really do well for our backs. I started
noticing that my back would hurt more and more, and a trip to my PA diagnosed me with lower back
pain. For me there were days where all I could do was lay in bed because it hurt too much to get up.
My PA recommended quite a few ways to help. I did dry needling, I saw a chiropractor, did physical
therapy, and it was at one of my sessions that my therapist recommended Biofreeze® Pain Reliever.
At the time you could only get it via prescription through a healthcare professional, and she stated
that while it does not take your pain away it helps to lessen it. I was in so much pain that I was
willing to try anything. Since then, I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1. Yoga – Yoga was greatly recommended by my therapist. You don't have to join a yoga group, you
can purchase a yoga beginner DVD and do it in the comfort of your home. Yoga strengthens the
muscles in the back and can greatly reduce the back pain.
2. Biking – Whether it's stationary biking or regular biking, the workout will do you well. Aerobic
exercises on a whole are great for back pain sufferers and may actually help to reduce your back
pain. Be sure to keep your back as straight as you possibly can and not slouch.
3. Walking – One of the more simpler of exercises and can be done anywhere at almost any time in
any season. Instead of driving to the store which is a mile away, take the opportunity to walk. Take
your dogs for a walk and instead of a casual stroll, make it a brisk walk.
4. Swimming – For those who suffer with back pain, swimming is a great form of exercise since the
water supports your body. However, avoid strokes that causes your body to

The Major Causes Of Depression
Depression, a clinical disorder, is an increasingly common problem in our society today. Whether it
is a fast–paced lifestyle, demands from work or school, traumatic events, loss, or loneliness are all
factors that can lead to depression in people. In addition to medicine and therapy, doctors have been
prescribing physical activity as a form of the treatment plan. In this paper, I will be discussing the
major causes of depression, how exercise might help reduce the symptoms, and which exercises
would be the best for any person that is seeking to improve their mood, stimulate circulation and
decrease their depressive symptoms.
When it comes to the short–term effects of exercise and medicine, they are very similar. However it
has been proven that exercise is more likely to prevent relapses of depression as opposed to
medicine. With that being said, there are theories that say exercise will generally improve our
mindset through endorphins. Finally, that can lead to observable changes in our lives that will fight
off the depression and ultimately live a healthier life.
Intro
Being one of the most common conditions today that is reported, depression, therefore, is also very
commonly researched by experts and practitioners in that field. As stated beforehand, there are many
factors that can contribute to depression, or sometimes even a combination of. Individuals that are
depressed may face challenges such as loss of appetite, sleep, or interest in daily activities, feelings
of

Essay On Walking And Walking
Comparison between Cycling and Walking as a Form of Exercise
"Life is meant for good health and great adventure." How do we start a healthy lifestyle? Why make
it healthy? Every year people tend to die primitively because of the pollution's impact. The death
caused by traffic pollution is numerous and even more relevant than death caused by accidents.
Cycling and walking are the two major non–fuel–consuming and non–polluting forms of
transportation (Benefits of Cycling and Walking, n.d). Therefore active transportation begets an
awareness in which generations of today overlooked, considering the fact that we are becoming
unhealthy ourselves. Walking and cycling increase fitness which regulates a process that grants
improvement, progress, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many Filipinos have become aware of the benefits of this exercise (Sorreda, 2010). It is the safest
way to condition your body, shed unwanted pounds, reduces stress, and boosts energy. It's safe even
if you are under medical care for heart disease, diabetes, or other conditions because it is a gradual
and controlled exertion (Sorreda, 2010). Also, it helps strengthen muscles and bones; it can even
decrease your risk of developing diseases such as osteoporosis and arthritis. While dementia is also
a very serious problem; walking will keep you active, which has a positive effect on how the brain
functions. Although with these benefits it is undeniable that there are also negative effects on
walking which is the weakening of joints, muscle strains and it is very tiresome. As you keep on
walking, you will exert pressure and effort to the feet, thus, your weight will be at your legs to your
toes that would make it feel numb, and would make your body feel heavy, tired and painful. Muscle
strain is another common negative effect on walking. The muscles that feel the most strain are the
knees and the front of the calves. Walking with pressure in these muscle groups could cause the
muscles to become inflamed and

Change in Transportation over Time
2010 COURSE NAME: CHY4U TEACHER: MR KING NAME: FAITH JOHN PRAISE
SUBMISSION DATE: OCTOBER 19TH 2010 HISTORY ISU– TRANSPORTATION OVER TIME
Transportation can be defined as the movement of goods or people from one place to another ,
transportation has been in existence for more than thousands of years , the change in transportation
over these years is a fact that cannot be overlooked neither can it be overemphasized, every detail in
the creation or making of the first modes of movement has an immense connection to how
movement is possible today and this paper will show how transportation began in the first place, the
very first wheel to be created in 3500BC (Herbst), the first river boat that was used ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
These chariots were invented by the Mesopotamians and soon spread over to Rome, China, Greece
etc, at first they were used for royal funeral processions but soon it was used in war by the army
commanders who thought it was a good way to surprise their enemies. After these chariots the next
line of vehicles invented was the stage coach, this was mainly used to email letters from one country
to another, the first stagecoach was invented in the fifteen– hundreds and was in Hungary, by the
sixteen– hundreds these stagecoaches were able to travel along fixed routes to Europe and other
places of interest (Herbst). After the stagecoach in Hungary, the next invention was the covered
wagon; the covered wagon was invented in the eighteen– forties in the United States of America.
These are all the various trends and changes that took place before the invention of the automobile
that is used today. The first record of a powered vehicle is from AD sixteen– seventy, when a Jesuit
missionary from China built a cart driven by a steam turbine and by eighteen– forty it was
developed into the road locomotive, also in eighteen–sixty a French–man named Jean Joseph

Road Bike Advantages And Disadvantages
MTB or ATB is an abbreviation for mountain or all–terrain bicycle. Their construction differs from a
normal bicycle as they have suspensioned frame to stand the mountain trails, logging roads ,
washouts, loose gravel, roots and all other unpaved conditions they are often used in. Other than that
they have knobby treaded heavy duty wheels, more powerful brakes and lower gear ratios to
withstand steep hills with poor traction. As a result of this development in 1970s many kinds of
different mountain bikes appeared on the market as cross country, freeride and downhill MTBs.

Road bike
Road bike is a name to describe a bicycle built specially for speeding on paved roads. They differ
from MTBs, they are built so that they are aerodynamic and lightweight, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It takes around five percent materials and energy used to make a car to build a bicycle and it
produces zero pollution.
Avoid pollution
You might think that a cyclist sucks up more pollution than a driver of a car or a bus passenger, but
this is wrong according to the research conducted by Imperial college in London. The car driver
sucks up more exhaust fumes (ultrafarine particles that can damage our lung cells),an average car
driver sucks up more than 100'000 particles per cubic centimeter, more than 10 times bigger amount
of inhaled pollution than the cyclist does, as the cyclist rides at the edge of the road not in the line of
exposure.

Beat illness
Forget about diets, riding is the best way to keep doctor away! "Moderate exercise makes immune
cells more active so they're ready to fight off infection," says Cath Collins, a chief dietician at St.
Georges Hospital in London.
Lose weight
A lot of people think that running is the best way for slimming down. This is right but think about it
if a person weights 120kg and every time he hits his/her feet to the ground all of the force goes to
the skeleton. So start cycling, where most of the weight is supported by the saddle.
Health

The Effects Of Climate Change On Agriculture
Naturally, every human being depends on the natural resources that the planet Earth provides.
Whether we consume a variety of foods or just a small meal, we are benefiting from what the earth
produces. In other words, this planet is generous with humanity. In contrast, the daily actions
humans make contribute to the mistreatment of this precious planet. What is the maltreatment? The
high carbon dioxide emissions humans produce, damage the Earth. Is there a specific solution to
lower those emissions? How does climate change affect agriculture? Climate change impacts
agriculture negatively because of the carbon dioxide emissions; this can be lowered with the
implementation of bicycle lanes in the transportation system.
Agriculture is affected by climate change. In the document "As Big Food Feels Threat of Climate
Change, companies speak up," the scientist, Molly Brown, explains the impact climate change has
on agriculture. By working with the satellites at NASA, Brown was able to conclude that climate
change affects food production. Consequently, Brown's experience viewing how weather patterns
change grain fields and vegetable plots, provided her with that conclusion. For instance, the state of
Vermont is experiencing changes in vegetation. During the month of May of this year, farmers had
the specific task of planting corn. As a result of changes in the weather, the month of May
experiences rain and cold temperatures. Therefore, the harvest was postponed because farmers

Why Do Cyclists Belong On The Road?
Do cyclists belong on the sidewalk or on the road? This is a very prevalent issue that is constantly
brought up in the community in which I live. The common belief in my community is that cyclists
belong on the sidewalk, and people are very open in their opinions: I have been yelled at by an
automobilist to get off the road when I was cycling. Cyclists have been mislabeled as pedestrians
and do not belong on the sidewalk, and by riding on the sidewalk they endanger themselves and
pedestrians. Right from the beginning, parents tell their children–first learning to ride their brightly
colored bikes decked out in training wheels, bells, and streamers–to always ride on the sidewalk.
This is where the opinion was first formulated in our minds that riding on it was the ... Show more
While it very much true that it is the safest place for kids, this is not the case for adults.
The two most common cycling accidents both involve cyclists riding on the sidewalk (Mattheis).
The first thought that most people think of when comparing the two opinions at hand is how safe a
cyclist is in relationship to cars. According to a study published by Alan Wachtel and Diana
Lewiston, "The average cyclist in this study incurs a risk on the sidewalk 1.8 times as great as on the
roadway" (Bicycling on Sidewalks). While a cyclist riding on the road is right next to cars, he/she is
in a better and more protected spot from cars than cyclists riding on the sidewalk. This is because
cars pass over sidewalks at every intersection, trail/pedestrian crossing, driveways, store entrances,
etc. and these areas are the most common places for an automobilist to hit a

Environmental Impact Report On California Department Of...
Thank you for providing the California Department of Transportation (Department) the opportunity
to review and comment on the Notice of Preparation of a Draft Environmental Impact Report for the
Valley Corridor Specific Plan (Project). The project area would be oriented along a 1.25–mile
corridor of Valley Boulevard between Alder and Spruce Avenues boundaries. The Project proposes
land use and development framework to ultimately support approximately 1,093 housing units in
residential and mixed–use projects and up to 1.9 million square feet of nonresidential building
square footage comprised of a variety of retail stores, restaurants, hotels, and business
development/office space on a 355 acre area.
As the owner and operator of the State Highway System (SHS), it is our responsibility to coordinate
and consult with local jurisdictions when proposed development may impact our facilities. As the
responsible agency under the California Environmental Quality Act, it is also our responsibility to
make recommendations to offset associated impacts with the proposed project. Although the project
is under the jurisdiction of the County of San Bernardino, due to the project's potential impact to the
State facilities, it is also subject to the policies and regulations that govern the SHS.
Our areas of concern, pertaining to State facilities, include hydrology/flooding and
transportation/traffic issues. Due to these potentially significant impacts and because the south
portion of

Cycling Advantages
Benefits of Cycling
Although cycling is not the popular choice among people, there is no doubt that it offers more health
benefits than other modes of transportations. An assessment done by the American College Health
Association reported that roughly 53% of students were not engaging in the daily recommended
amount of exercise (Bopp 359). To add to that, something that always comes to mind when thinking
about college and health is the infamous Freshmen 15. In the midst of their busy lives with classes,
friends, and extra–curricular activities, many students, particularly freshmen, are unable to find the
time to work out. EZ Bike is a great way to help students incorporate a little more physical activity
in their day while obtaining utility to get to places faster. A university survey shows that roughly
one–third of USC students did not even exercise for a minimum of 20 to 30 minutes any day of
week ("Healthy). By using a bike to ride around campus, students could easily obtain 20 to 30
minutes of exercise each day without even having to go to the gym.
It is true that the implementation of a bike–share program will not completely solve the problem of
college obesity or the Freshmen 15, but at the least, it can increase levels of physical activity and
promote fitness. By physically having EZ Bike and its stations on USC's campus, it serves as a
trigger. Written by Jonah Berger, Contagious: Why Things Catch On is a book that describes how
triggers are able to prompt action.

Byke Essay
To encourage a greater bike mode share, our solution is to create an app called "Bykes" that would
be used as an aide to bikers whenever they wanted to plan bike trips and ride along routes. The main
feature of the app is that it will route bike riders from their origin to their destination while keeping
them on designated bike lanes and trails as much as possible. The service will ask each user what
their comfort level is before the route is chosen, and then the algorithm will choose a path that best
reflects this comfort level. With a more experienced biker, the service will route them on a more
direct path, but that path might include roads that have a higher traffic volume or roads that lack
dedicated bike lanes. The more experienced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will allow the roads to be rated on actual users' experiences and allow for iteration of the
quality of these roads over time. The comfort rating will be dynamic instead of static. In addition to
this survey, users can also input the location of specific hazards along bike routes. This includes
hazards such as potholes or obstacles in the path, a rough pavement condition, construction, and
more. Construction was one of the more prominent issues that arose in our Google Form survey,
which makes sense because construction normally occurs at the edges of the roadway, which is
where bike lanes are often located. An example of this is seen in Figure 3. Figure 3: Construction
blocking a bike lane (Gatoona 2012). It's important to take these obstacles into account when
routing bikers, because the hazards will often cause the riders to swerve into traffic, which will not
provide for a safe and comfortable biking experience. Sources of Data Initially, the roads will need
to be evaluated for their comfort levels so they can be properly matched with bikers that need a
certain minimum comfort level. Two methods can be used to assist in this evaluation: Bike Level of
Service (BLOS) and Level of Traffic Stress (LTS). These are two different ways of quantifying the
comfort levels of the roads for bikers. They include variables such as vehicle volumes, speed

A Rhetorical Analysis Of The Article 'Bicycle Registration'
Language Analysis
Craig Richards article "Bicycle registration: radical, expensive, and sure to get people off their
bikes" was published in The Age on the 7th May 2014. In this opinion piece Richards writes with
disbelief and assertiveness that the registration of bicycles will discourage people from continuing
or starting cycling while impacting on their health, our privacy and the governments budget. The
accompanying image depicts that this registration is a restriction of cyclists that will impact on their
healthy lifestyle.
Richards begins his article with "Bicycle registration: radical, expensive, and sure to get people off
their bikes". This title immediately names the issue and in the chronological order that they would
occur. It attacks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He uses colloquial language with the term 'mind boggling' to describe the implications and their
impact on our lawyers and accountants. It makes the reader lose faith in the lawyers and accountants
ability to control this scheme. It appeals to the readers hip–pocket nerve when Richards describes
their local budget 'as a sad old dinghy collapsing in a bay' that will have a another 'gaping hole'
punch into hit by this scheme. Richards moves on to identification with the rhetorical question "why
stop at bikes?" when addressing Evans wish to identify every bike. He uses a satire to answer to
rhetorical question in suggesting 'we also put number plates on skateboards, Nike Free Runs and
walking sticks'. Richards concludes with another mention of the barcoding anecdote, creating a
circular link in his article. He then echoes his past remarks, beginning with inclusive language to a
historical allusion, writing 'we've all learnt enough from history to know where that leads'. Richards
finishes by giving his name and position in the bicycle network, giving himself credibility to his
arguments and expert

A Brief Description Of Papillon Cycles
Papillon Cycles is an independently owned and operated bicycle shop in Arlington, Virginia. It I the
oldest bicycle shop in Arlington, and it specializes in all kinds of bicycles from commuter models to
road and racing models. The shop also specializes in bicycle services such as repairs, tune–ups and
parts sales. Papillon has been a staple of the Arlington community since 1984, and is committed not
only to providing the area with the best in cycling models and equipment, but also in community
outreach, information, and bicycle advocacy in the area. Papillon carries GIANT model bicycles in
road, touring, BMX, and cruisers, and has recently become a retailer of Breezer cycles, which are a
new era of commuter models.
Product
Papillon Cycles is a bicycle shop that not only sells premier bicycles, but it also provides an
important service to the community through repairs, information, and workshops. The company
believes that since the purchasing of a bicycle is not the final point of contact with the customer,
providing a strong and thorough service portion of the shop can make the business remain an
important part of the business community in the area. It is particularly important for Papillon to
diversify its business into a retail and service–based business especially because of the nature of
online businesses increasing in the recent past. Simply being a brick and mortar location to sells
bicycles is not a totally viable plan because it is much easier now for consumers to

Whistler Bike Park Research Paper
Within 10 months I hope to be able to save and plan for a summer trip to Whistler Bike Park in
British Columbia. I have always loved mountain biking as a hobby to both stay in shape and have a
blast doing it. Within the past two years I have gotten into downhill mountain biking. A discipline
where you take a shuttle up to the top of a trail/mountain, and riding extreme trails downhill. These
trails have large features such as jumps, gaps, drops. The risk is definitely increased but the
adrenaline rush of nailing a feature that has been on your mind for a while is a crazy rush. Whistler
Bike park is known to many as the mecca of downhill mountain biking. It has some of the biggest
and best trails and riding features throughout the entire world. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As a car enthusiast myself, I love the internal combustion engine, but electric cars are absolutely the
future. Electric cars provide the efficiency that we have lacked for decades. The environmental
impact is extremely reduced and on average, the cost per mile is less. Going full electric is the next
step after hybrids in vehicle efficiency. While we have preliminary examples such as Tesla, many
other companies are beginning to produce flagship electric vehicles. Electric is also the future of
performance vehicles. The instant torque that electric motors provide outclasses almost all
combustion engines. BMW just announced their future plans to produce performance electric and I
expect many other manufacturers to follow suit. As more and more cars are produced our charging
technology and infrastructure will likely expand. This will make cross country trips in electric
vehicles a lot more accessible. While many consumers are weary of the technology at this point, I
predict that as the technology develops and more cars are put into production, consumers will open
up to the idea and electric will become the new norm in car culture. Compared to combustion
engines, electric is quiet, efficient, fast, and will likely become universal on the

Cycling Persuasive Research Paper
Hi, there. Bet you are a lover of the outdoors. Well, cycling has never been this fun and my aim is to
leave you wanting to get on your mountain bike or buy a new one instantly.
Let us get started; cycling revolves around body posture and movements.
With the wrong posture, you can injure your muscles or get some bone deformities. For you to enjoy
cycling, you need to have a bike that is well maintained plus always wear some protective gear. If
you've got a bike, make sure to repair it after three to four weeks of riding. With body posture,
always keep your back straight and your knees in a ninety–degree angle bend at the knee.
So, why should you enjoy cycling?
Are you married? There is no better way to improve your sex life than cycling. It helps firm up your
thighs, get your abs spot on (am talking about a six pack) plus you get bigger calves than any gym
can get you. Stop being jealous of your neighbors' physique, dude! For the ladies, you get flexible,
tight but fleshy muscles and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, we've got countless sportsmen who solely rely on cycling to pay their bills. Nurture your
young ones and enroll them in cycling competitions or clubs. Let them have a ride after doing their
homework and you'll be doing a whole lot of service to their

Persuasive Essay On Laws And Safety
Those who ride bikes for fun or as a main source of travel are never safe from harm when riding
around those ignorant of the laws and safety precautions present in order to keep bicyclist safe. New
bicyclist in California are not safe as they lack the knowledge required to ride streets without being
put in danger when sharing space with ignorant drivers and other bicyclists that are not aware of
their surroundings, but to decrease this danger they must form communities that help each other by
providing protective gear, posting safe routes and areas to avoid, providing safety tips, and working
together to get dangerous drivers and bicyclists of the streets. The community will not simply be a
group of cyclists that ride together, but a group that will ensure the safety of new and old members
of the of the bicycle community. Those who work in a community learn to become more productive
together and are more capable of keeping each other safe. If bicyclists are aware of a bicycle
community that help each other as well as report drivers who put them in danger people will be
more likely to create safer streets for all cyclists. The dangers of riding has been present for quite
some time as many bicycle related accidents have occurred in the past and continue to be an issue
due to ignorance. The fault of the accidents are caused by either the drivers or the bicyclists
themselves. For the case of drivers they have to make sure to be constantly aware of their
surroundings and

Bike Helmet Ordinances
In 2002, a rounded 288,900 children under the age of 14 were treated in an emergency room for a
bicycle related injury, 47 percent diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury. (Safe Kids Coalition ,
2004) According to John Hopkins Injury Prevention Center, "for the population as a whole, there are
approximately: 1.8 billion bicycle trips, 300 injuries per million trips and 1 death in every 2 million
trips" (John Hopkins Injury Prevention Center, 2012). Because of the correlation between the low
percent of helmet usage and the high number of traumatic brain injury, it is obvious that the public is
not aware of this necessity and many people will continue to die or be seriously injured unless
something is done. Bicycle helmets save lives and should be required by law for riders of all ages.
One of the most argued points on bike helmet ordinances is the chance that overall popularity of
biking will decrease once laws regarding bike safety begin to form. A prime example for this effect
can be seen in Australia, who has been working toward a countrywide helmet ordinance for several
years. Sydney, Australia was one of the pioneers for the ordinance, but once the law was put into
effect in 1992, a survey was released six months later stating the number of current cyclists had been
reduced by 38 percent (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute, 2012). This information can be viewed in
many ways. First, 6 months is long enough for seasons to change, meaning there may have been a
more popular

Dirt Bikes Research Papers
Dirt Bikes Dirt bikes can be a very fun recreational item to use for not just yourself but your family.
There are many different options when it comes to choosing one. There are different brands, sizes,
strokes, and manual or automatic. If you want to learn more about them and how to choose one, this
reading will be very helpful to you. Many popular different brands include Kawasaki, Suzuki,
Honda, Yamaha, Husqvarna, or KTM. There are other ones, but these are the most popular (Dirt
Bikes Tips and Pics). Personally I prefer Yamaha or Honda. The different brands also come with
different colored bodies. Kawasaki is green, Suzuki is yellow, Honda is red, Yamaha is blue,
Husqvarna is usually black, red, white, yellow or blue, and KTM is orange. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One is located down by your right foot. Push down on it and this brake will stop the back tire. Then
there is a break bar located on the right handle that you pull in and this will stop the front tire. You
can use one or both, but be careful because squeezing the front brake too hard can throw you off the
front of the bike. As you start to slow down, start shifting back down to first gear (T, Andrew). Then
as you're about to stop, pull the clutch in and press or squeeze the brake and you should be at a
complete stop. To keep the bike running in first gear you have to keep the clutch held in. If you don't
want to do this, simply shift the bike into neutral and let go of the clutch and your bike should
remain

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Armenia
In this fast changing world, cars seem to play a very significant role. As technology has developed
and improved over time the use of bicycles has decreased. Before the motor vehicle revolution,
bicycles were a great type of transport as they were effective and convenient for their simplicity of
design. In many developed countries people still use bicycles as their main mean of transportation. It
seems that this trend of using bicycles has not reached Armenia and it is considered as a novelty.
The overwhelming majority of people prefer cars to bicycles. There are many environmental and
social issues caused by an increase in the number of cars in Armenia. Thus, the Armenian
government taking measures to encourage cycling to become a widely used mode of transportation
in Armenia can be beneficial for the country as well as the people.
Encouraging people to use bicycles instead of cars will decrease the ecological and environmental
footprint people have in the country. Riding a bicycle uses no non–renewable energy and emits no
pollution. Cars consume a lot of energy and natural resources even before they make it to the open
road. Their production leaves a big footprint because materials like steel, rubber, glass and paint
must be created before the car is ready to be used. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An average four–cylinder car costs approximately fifteen thousand dollars, whereas an average bike
costs no more than eight hundred dollars or less. Another cost analysis comes into question when
taking into consideration the maintenance costs. Research conducted by the CAA shows that for an
average commute of thirty miles, a driver needs to liberate three hundred dollars a month. This
figure includes insurance, depreciation, gas, oil, tires and other costs. Monthly maintenance for a
bicycle amounts to thirty dollars. Thus, people will be able to save money both on the maintenance
and purchase of the

Essay about Urban Planning: The History of Cycling...
URBAN PLANNING BIKE PATHS
Introduction to the work
The history of cycling infrastructure begins shortly after the so–called "bike boom" of the 1880's
when the beginning short stretches of dedicated bicycle paths were constructed, through to the rise
of the automobile from the middle of the 20th century onwards towards the simultaneous decline of
cycling as a means of transport, till cycling's comeback starting from the 1970s onwards. By the end
of the 19th century, cycling had grown from a simple hobby of a few to an established form of
transport for many. Cyclists at that time campaigned to improve the existing bike paths, which were
often poorly textured roads and tracks. The first bicycle paths were built around ... Show more
Methodology to be implemented in the work
A general survey of the studied area is implemented in order to help detect the obstacles affecting
the continuity of a connected bike infrastructure, and to define solutions to these problems.
Maps sourced from Google maps were used along with direct visits to the studied area. Paths were
studied and documented using photos and notes to observe the circulation in the area and what each
path offers in terms of obstacles and possibilities for integrating bike paths into the city. Factors
examined included bike lanes, topography, distance from downtown, demographics, and population
density.
After studying the problems faced, I looked into other projects with problems similar in category
and scale in order to find the best possible solutions, and researched all possible variations of bike
paths and technologies in this field while adjusting them to the case study area.
Benefits of integrating bike paths in to the city The bike paths will attract more people to cycling
which has many health benefits, aside from being a sport such as aerobic fitness, heart, circulatory,
joints, and weight control, it results in a lower number of cars driving on the street lowering the
amount of noise and air pollution. Cycling will result in areas where people will gather such as
shops or resting areas which benefit the social aspect of the city leading

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