Information Technology For Business

Information Technology for Business
Information Technology for Business 1
Information Technology for Business
Introduction
Technology has created new revenue streams via the Internet and e–commerce, new connections
with clients and consumers at work, home, and by mobile applications, and enables business to
conduct commerce across the US and on a global scale (Munson, 2011). Office technologies have
advanced and have allowed business to advance to a point of doing business with global customers,
not just their own areas. It has created a communication standard that is faster and enables
businesses to conduct business at faster levels than ever before. But with new technologies problems
also arise that need to be addressed.
Types of Information Technologies The most prominent example of information technology is the
Internet with its World Wide Web component (Blackhurst, 2002). The Internet has enabled
businesses to set up website storefronts that enable consumers all over the globe to shop anywhere
on the web from anywhere they are. A customer in China can shop a website storefront in the US
without going to the US to shop the business. Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
enables search and location of educational literature on a given topic from most of the world. This
enables business to gain employee training materials that promotes the advancement of knowledged
employees. Businesses can conduct training sessions at reduced costs. Other common types of office
technologies are the PDAs,
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Imigration
1. The IPX/SPX protocol was primarily used in which operating system? b. NetWare 2. 3. An IPv6
address is made up of how many bits? d. 128 4. 5. The subnet mask of an IP address does which of
the following? c. defines which part of the address specifies the network portion and which part
specifies the host portion 6. 7. A nonroutable protocol does not operate in which layer of the OSI
model? e. Network 8. 9. Which of the following is a private IP address and can't be routed across
the Internet? b. 172.19.243.254 10. 11. As data travels through the OSI model, the _________ layer
is responsible for splitting the data into segments. Transport 12. 13. Which ... Show more content
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Segment
IPX/SPX is considered the protocol suite of the Internet, and it is the most widely used protocol
suite in LANs.
False
How many bits are available in an IPv6 network for creating subnets when the prefix is /48 and the
host ID is 64 bits?
16
Which of the following is the term for identifying packets used by TCP to establish a connection?
Three–way handshake
If a protocol is routable, at which TCP/IP layer does it operate?
Internetwork
The subnet mask of an IP address does which of the following?
Defines network and host portions of an IP address
Which part of a computer's IP address configuration indicates the portion of the address that
specifies the network ID? subnet mask
How many host bits are necessary to assign addresses to 62 hosts?
6
How many host addresses are available on a Class C network?
254

Which IP addressing process enables workstations to use private IP addresses to access the Internet?
NAT
The Internetwork layer is the layer that handles network configuration and is considered the heart of
the TCP/IP protocol suite.
True
Which of the following protocols resolves logical addresses to physical addresses?
ARP
When a Windows computer is configures to use DHCP, but no DHCP server is available, what type
of address is configured automatically for it?
APIPA
The subnet mask of an IP address does which of the following?
Defines network and host portions of an IP

The Availabilty of the Internet of Everything Essay examples
Introduction The internet of everything (IoE) can be briefly described as the connection that could
exist and relate people with people (P2P), machine with machine(M2M) and people with machines
(P2M), this can be summarized as connection between people, processes, machines or things and
data, what this also means for P2P connection is that in terms of distances, cultures it will bring
people from different parts of the world together and thus making them understand each other's
difference which somehow bring the citizens of the world closer together, in terms of M2M it will
allow for artificial intelligent machines to be able to maintain themselves which could result in the
saving of funds and in terms of M2P it will allow for better ... Show more content on
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f the time for backup generators to come online as this will allow for a continual power supply if the
generators have a problem coming online also the generators have to be able to power the
infrastructure for more than 48 hours , the other thing that will be needed is the a cooling component
it is known that since the data center will contain many components it will over heat and when they
do they behave abnormally or stop operating so a reliable cooling fan will be needed to keep them
cool, a network connection with in the data center to allow for data to be transmitted in and out of
the data center and this thus will require more bandwidth transmition as huge ammounts of data will
be dealt with, a Halon fire suspension which is a liquefied compressed gas that stops the spread of
fire by chemically disrupting combustion this means unlike water it won't soak the components
which will somehow allow for insurance to pay so this thus make it an ideal fire suppressor for the
data center, also the use of real time monitoring software to keep an eye on the every component of
the data center so that any abnormalities can be noticed and taken care off as soon as they occur, and
also one important component or action that will be needed is a backup of the data that is in the data
center as it has to be established that something can happen to the data center the information that
was in it can still be accessed and the backups need to be tested after a while to ensure that they

Linux Operating Systems Essay
The most popular UNIX–system design end of the XX century has become an inexpensive
alternative to expensive (HP–UNIX, SUN Solaris, Digital UNIX) solutions – Operating System (OS
etc.) Linux. Today the pace of market development of this system compared to other well–known
operating systems is the most intense (Stutz 2004).
The strength of the Linux operating system is its flexibility: The system covers the entire range of
applications – from desktop PC to multiprocessor servers and super clusters. Currently, multi–stable
Linux operating system running on the platforms PC, Alpha, PowerPC, Macintosh, SGI MIPS,
Strong ARM, SGI Visual Workstations, VAX, 8086, PC–98, Palm Pilot, HP PA–RISC, Sparc &
UltraSparc64 systems, m68k (Kofler 2007).
As ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is composed in such a way that Linux is free, and at the same time, a standardized system
(Terpistra 2004). There is only one official version of Linux.
Non–commercial nature of Linux makes some people the wrong impression about it: some believe
that this operating system does not belong to a professional. In fact, Linux is a PC version of the
operating system UNIX. In order to evaluate it on merit, need to understand that particular context
in which the developed system is UNIX. Unlike most other operating systems, UNIX developed at
the university, the academic environment. For universities and research laboratories Unix – what
you need. Its development was parallel to the revolution in computing and communications, which
lasts for several decades. Businesses on the part of computer technology are often developed on
Unix–based new technologies. In particular, it concerns the tools to work on the Internet. Being a
very complex system, Unix, however, from the outset as a system is very flexible. It can be easily
modified, thus creating different versions. For example, many manufacturers support different
versions of the official UNIX. Companies IBM, Sun, Hewlett–Packard sell and implement its own
technical support options. Specialists involved in research programs, create their own versions,
tailored to their specific problems (Blum

Essay on Cirque Du Soleil
Introduction:
Cirque du Soleil ("Circus of the Sun") is a Canadian entertainment company, self–described as a
"dramatic mix of circus arts and street entertainment." Based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and
located in the inner–city area of Saint–Michel, it was founded in Baie–Saint–Paul in 1984 by two
former street performers, Guy Laliberté and Gilles Ste–Croix.
Cirque du Soleil – History:
A marvelous idea began to take shape in the early 1980's in Baie–Saint–Paul, a charming village
nestled on the north shore of the St–Lawrence River, east of Quebec City. Les Échassiers de Baie–
Saint–Paul ('The Stiltwalkers of Baie–Saint–Paul'), a theatre troupe founded by Gilles Ste–Croix,
walked on stilts, juggled, danced, breathed fire and played ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Cirque du Soleil hasn't received any grants from the public or private sectors since 1992.
Is there a space for IT in artistic organization such as Cirque du Soleil?
At Cirque du Soleil, a touring show is a very complex matter. A tour can be treated as a little village
of about 150 people, and it needs the best technology to meet their needs which can range from
basic bandwidth requirements to ticket sales, payroll and phone systems. And as this is a village that
moves every six or seven weeks, which means that it has to be constantly torn down and set up
again.
Everything has to be precise and methodical. For every tour, they have to tear down a big top that
seats 2,500 and 55 trailer–loads of equipment have to be hauled rom place to place. And everything
has to be in working order within 30 hours. At Cirque du Soleil, casting is a key process. Castings
talent scouts are always on the move, travelling to the ends of the earth. The casting director
maintains a pool of artists for the eight shows and recruit artists for new shows. Once a performer is
hired, he or she has to go through a series of steps before actually participating in a show. One of
those steps is the make–up lessons that ensure that performers can apply their own make–up for the
various roles they play in a given show. Initially, make–up for each part of every show was
documented with 35–mm photos and forms listing the products used and the procedure to follow,
which was stored in big binders

Vinton Cerf Impact On Society
Do you have a voracious hunger or unquenchable thirst for knowledge of the origin and benefit of
the internet? Have you ever wondered how the internet came into existence or how it benefited the
general welfare of society? When the internet was introduced into society by Vinton Cerf it provided
a positive impact in the world. The creation of the internet provided new opportunities to be
explored that Reid Hoffman took advantage of and as a result, society's deep yearning and desire for
knowledge was ultimately fulfilled.
The man who built the internet from the ground up and who is known as the father of the internet is
Vinton Grey Cerf. Cerf was born on June 23, 1943 in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1965 Cerf was
presented with a bachelor's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He eventually became a member of the board of directors who founded the electronic transmission
service, PayPal alongside managing SocialNet.com. In time Hoffman became the organization's full
time Chief Operations Officer, in other words the senior executive of PayPal in 2000. With this
position his responsibilities increased exponentially to the point where he oversaw managing
payment infrastructure, business development, and following the proper procedures with the legal
system. Additionally, he was also responsible for strategy payment innovations, and customer
service. Because of his relentless hard work, Hoffman rose through the ranks and in time became the
executive vice president of PayPal in 2002. Then Hoffman turned his attention towards his original
project, which was initially created for the purpose of an online dating site; however, Hoffman made
some revisions in the overall design of his project's architecture. Thus, Hoffman fulfilled his dream
of becoming an entrepreneur by revolutionizing the world of business through the transformation of
SocialNet.com. The newly revised structure became known as LinkedIn, which was co–founded by
Hoffman and a few of his former colleagues and friends in 2002. The purpose of LinkedIn was to
provide a means of communication between business experts in order to compare confidential data
in the workforce, thus building both trust and respectable reputations for

Kudler Fine Foods Network Review and Proposal
Introduction
Kudler Fine is evaluating their current network and creating a logical design document that will
show what needs to be done to upgrade or install a new network system to meet the goals set out to
achieve. The list of goals presented by Kudler management is as follows:
 Faster Checkout Response
 Collect Customer Data
 Track Customer Data and Purchases
 Ensure the security of their customers personal data
Review of Current Network
The current network is a fairly early design called an Ethernet Bus network. A bus network
Topology is an architecture in which a set of clients are connected via a shared communications line,
called a bus. Each of the 3 sites utilizes the same configuration of ... Show more content on
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Btrieve is Novell's implementation of the binary tree database access mechanism. Netware Loadable
Modules are implemented as add–on modules that attach into the Netware system. Figure 1. The
Netware protocol suite relation to the OSI reference model (Netware, n.d.).
Reliability and Uptime
Network reliability is the ability of a network to maintain or restore an acceptable level of
performance during network failures by application various restoration techniques and prevention of
service outages from network failures by applying preventative techniques. (Network Survivability,
2001). Computing the reliability of a network is quite difficult; therefore estimation by means of
simulation is a popular choice for determining network reliability.
System Response Time
System response time is the interval between the instant a request is entered which requires a
response from a remote networked node and the instant that response is received. Most of the
network nodes on the system are Pentium II PC's with Windows 98 operating systems. There is one
Pentium III Windows NT server located at Del Mar and La Jolla. Del Mar and La Jolla employ the
use of one print server at each location, while the Encinitas location does not.
The 56K modem between sites severely impacts the system response time for Kudler's network
nodes. Information that is traveling across sites at that low of a speed means that response times are
going to be rather lengthy. The

Intro to Pc Operating System Chapter1
Chapter 1: Introducing Operating Systems TRUE/FALSE 1. The operating system manages each
and every piece of hardware and software. T 2. An operating system is a special type of hardware. F
3. The Memory Manager, the Interface Manager, the User Manager, and the File Manager are the
basis of all operating systems. T 4. Networking was not always an integral part of operating systems.
T 5. The Memory Manager is in charge of main memory, also known as ROM. F 6. The high–level
portion of the Process Manager is called the Process Scheduler. F 7. The Device Manager monitors
every device, channel, and control unit. T 8. The File Manager is responsible for data files but not
program files. F 9. When the Processor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
__d__ means that several logical records are grouped within one physical record.
a.|Grouping|c.|Combining| b.|Fixing|d.|Blocking| 16. In second–generation computers, to reduce the
discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU, an interface called the __a__ was placed
between them to act as a buffer. a.|control unit|c.|holder| b.|scheduler|d.|buffer manager| 17. The most
common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the _d___
concept, which is when the CPU is notified of events needing operating systems services.
a.|paging|c.|messaging| b.|sharing|d.|interrupt| 18. A system with __a__ divides programs into parts
and keep them in secondary storage, bringing each part into memory only as it is needed. a.|virtual
memory|c.|segmented processing| b.|shared memory|d.|passive multiprogramming| 19. The __b__ is
used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory), as opposed to
being held in secondary storage. a.|hardware|c.|software| b.|firmware|d.|shareware| 20. The
overwhelming demand for __c__ capability in the mid–1990s sparked the proliferation of
networking capability. a.|e–mail|c.|Internet| b.|processing|d.|FTP| 21. A typical ___b_ computer
houses devices to perform audio, video, and graphic creation and editing.
a.|multiprocessor|c.|networked| b.|multimedia|d.|PDA| 22. __c__ is the partitioning of a single server,
each of which can

Isp ( Internet Service Provider )
ISP
ISP (Internet Service Provider) is an business such as Sky, BT or Talk talk that provides and installs
a way to access the internet and this is directly connected with the clients that subscribe to these
business by using copper wiring, wireless or by fiber–optic wire installation. Different businesses of
the Internet Service Providers may be an Non– profit organization such as county councils or profit
organizations like Virgin media.
Web Hosting Services
This allows people or organizations to make and design their own website on the internet. All web
host companies provide space on servers that is owned or leased for use by the clients. As well as
providing internet connections. This is what they call a "Data Centre", web hosts also provide data
spaces and connectivity for other services that are located in the Data Centre, and they may also
maintain the day–to–day running of the website.
Domain Structure a domain structure is a group of computers which maintains its own security and
accounts management on a local level, for example the primary domain controller. All logins for
local accounts are done within the domain, and it has its own servers for locally logged on users
much like our local school network.
Domain Name Registrars domain name registrar is an organization that manages the reservation of
internet domain names. A domain name registrar must be authorized by a high–level domain registry
agency. The management is done in accordance with the guidelines

Assignment Questions On Web Design
Name: Anthony Saunders
Unit 28: Website Production
Unit 20: Client Side Customisation of Web Pages
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT (2014–15)
Division: IT
Task 1: Issues in Website Design
Task1A/Unit28
Web Architecture
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or tcp/ip is the de factor standard for transmitting
dater over networks, it is the way of communication protocol used to connect hosts to the internet.
Network operating systems also have their own protocols i.e. NetWare also supports tcp/ip
Domain names are the way to identify one or more ip addresses. i.e. google.com represents lots of ip
addresses; domain names are used in URLs to identify a particular web page. Each domain name
has a suffix that indicates what top level domain (TLD) it belongs to. The suffix's are
.gov– Government agencies
.edu Educational Institutions
.org Non profit organizations
.mil Military
.com Commercial business
.net Network organizations
.ca Canada
.ta Thailand
The internet is based on ip addresses not domain names every we server requires a domain name
system to translate domain names into ip addresses.
TLD or Top Level Domain's refers to the suffix attached to domain names, and each one represents
a top level domain. i.e. .com
FQDR or fully qualified domain name is the full address for a website; it includes a domain name, a
host and a top –level (suffix)
URL or Uniform Resource Lactor is the global address of all documents and recourses of the World

Scheming Of Efficient Blood Banks By Usage Of Embedded...
SCHEMING OF EFFICIENT BLOOD BANKS BY USAGE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
R.B.KALYANI G.NARESH
M.Tech Student,EEE, Asst.Prof,EEE,
Aarushi Engineering college, Aarushi Engineering college,
Warangal, Telangana, India. Warangal, Telangana, India.
Mail.id: kalyani.471@gmail.com Mail.id:nareshsce@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Automated Blood stream Bank is certainly a joint venture partner work that can bring voluntary
blood stream contributing factors and people searching for blood stream onto an average platform.
The mission is always to fulfil every blood stream request within the U. S. states getting an
encouraging android application and motivated those who are ready to donate blood stream. This
project is targeted at servicing the people seeking contributing factors who are ready to donate blood
stream in addition to provide it within the timeframe needed. Automated Blood stream Bank tries to
assist sufferers/patients/people in want of blood stream. This is an endeavour to achieve dead set
these individuals in want of blood stream and connects those to people ready to donate. The
recommended

Wan / Network Design Project
Class Project– NETW208 WAN/NETWORK Design Project Project designed by Gary Minardo
Carrie Viles Chuck Hassler January Session Devry University Professor N. Baig The campus
redesign we propose that we use all 3 of the Cisco Catalyst 6500 switches and we allocate one
switch for the design department, one for the Human resources and one for marketing and sales.
This will help optimize and departmentalize the switches for easy access and design simplicity. We
also would like to have each switch connected to 2 routers each, this will help with redundency and
help take care of the issues that the architects, engineers and employees keep reporting slow
response times. To help with internet crashes and speeds we think that the company should ... Show
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Key tools utilized, variable length subnet masking and route summarization are explained as well.
Here choosing the appropriate routing protocol is equally critical for a successful design. To
implement different masks for the same major network it is necessary to have a routing protocol that
supports VLSM. Such routing protocols are called classless routing protocols. They carry the mask
information along with the route advertisements therefore allowing for the support of more than one
mask. Several classless routing protocol examples include OSPF, RIP version 2, Cisco 's EIGRP,
BGP and IS–IS. We will deploy VLSM for this project. Use of a Class B address 172.17.0.0 is
required to support a network that entails a total of 200 sites. The busiest LANs may support up to
100 hosts and there is a maximum projected total of 400 point–to–point WAN links. Hence there is a
requirement for 600 subnets with a maximum of 100 hosts on any subnet. Even with a Class B
address there is insufficient address space to meet this requirement without employing VLSM.
When planning a VLSM solution you should start with the shortest mask in other words plan the
subnets that support the most hosts. This is typically the mask that will be used on most or all of the
LAN segments. For our network design we propose using 200 LAN segments each supporting up to
100 hosts. While 7 host bits or a /25 subnet mask would meet this requirement, it is probably neater
in terms of administration

Network Infrastructure Attacks Against Network...
Sometimes, resolving much vulnerability may harm the system. For example, dealing with the
vulnerabilities like a weak SQL server administrator password, a Windows OS configuration, and a
server hosted on a wireless network might not be a major security issue separately. But, resolving all
vulnerabilities simultaneously can prove to be dangerous for computer system. Non technical attack:
Exploits that involve manipulating people– end users and even yourself are the greatest vulnerability
within any computer or network infrastructure. Humans are trusting by nature, which can lead to
social engineering exploits. Social engineering is defined as the exploitation of the trusting nature of
human beings to gain information for malicious purposes.
There is an example of hacking which is physical. For example: hackers enter into the offices,
computer rooms, buildings to steal the critical information. Physical like Dumpster dividing
("rummaging through trash cans and Dumpster for intellectual property, passwords, network
diagrams, and other information").
" Network infrastructure attacks:
Hacker attacks against network Infrastructures can be easy, because many networks can be reached
from anywhere in the world via the Internet. Here are some examples of network infrastructure
attacks:
1. Connecting into a network through a rouge modem attached to a computer behind a Firewall.
2. Exploiting weaknesses in network transport mechanism, such as TCP / IP and NetBIOS.
3. Flooding a

Essay about Will Linux replace Windows NT as the server OS...
Linux VS NT /
Will Linux replace Windows NT as the server OS of choice?
"Linux is ready, or at least poised, to take on Windows NT for market dominance of server operating
systems", said T. W. Burger Owner, Thomas Wolfgang Burger Consulting June 2000.
It is the competitive choice for the user wanting a cheap, versatile, scalable, and reliable server
solution. This article examines how Linux is ready to meet or exceed all user requirements that NT
provides and why Linux should be the preferred alternative to NT. Included are the steps,
requirements, options, and costs involved. Linux will soon surpass NT in most if not all network
service applications. It is an open source, multi–vendor, and multi–platform server operating system
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A small business server handles under 50 users and an enterprise server 50 or more. Novell Netware,
Windows NT, and other scalable server solutions will handle various numbers of small business user
loads. At a certain point a business will require an enterprise server product. This OS will be capable
of handling massive user traffic and provide a total solution: a comprehensive set of software tools
that will allow a business to be run using computers. An enterprise OS will be run on a
minicomputer such as the HP9000 or a super–microcomputer with large data processing capacity
like a multi–processor Alpha Chip–based machine. Enterprise computing is a term describing a set
of software tools with a network OS at its core. Enterprise computing provides not only a place to
store and share files but everything required for a business to gather and manipulate information
throughout the business as well as Internet access for customer support and business–to–business
data flow. An enterprise computing product is generally made up of the network OS and components
that provide one or more of the following: file service, print service, Web page hosting, Internet
access/firewall, mail service, backup, and database, and/or SQL database services. A server is, as the
name implies, a provider of computing resources. It is part of a client–server network configuration
that generally

The Cable Infrastructure Technical Specification
Networking Technologies 1. Considerations for the cable infrastructure (technical specification of
and advantages and disadvantages of the following – where appropriate diagrams and illustrations
should be used): Name of Cable infrastructure Technical Specification Advantages Disadvantages
Cat 5 Twisted pair cable with RJ–45 connectors Speeds of up to 100Mbps Distance of 100 meters
Cat 5 is the most affordable of the Cat cables due to this it is often used in crossover. Offers
affordable high speed transfer. Of the three cat cables it is the most sensitive to interference. While
offering fast speeds in terms of home networking in a business environment the speeds are limited
and not ideal for large data streams Cat 5e Twisted pair ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The electricity consumption of the NIC cards is much higher Thin Co–axial cable with BNC
connectors 6 mm in diameter, very flexible, able to transport a signal up to around 185 metres
without line loss. Can transfer at speeds of 10 Mbps, easier to work with than Think co–axial cable.
more expensive to install compare to twisted pair cable, the thicker the cable, the more difficult to
work with. Single Mode Fibre Optic cable and relevant connectors 10Km in distance immunity to
electrical noise, greatly increased bandwidth and capacity Components are expensive to produce,
fibre optic transmitters and receivers are still relatively expensive compared to electrical interfaces
the cable, Multi–Mode Fibre Optic cable and relevant connectors 10 Mbit/s to 10 Gbit/s over link
lengths of up to 600 meters in distance. Immunity to electrical noise, greatly increased bandwidth
and capacity. Components are expensive to produce, fibre optic transmitters and receivers are still
relatively expensive compared to electrical interfaces the cable, 2. Interconnection components
(describe the function of): NIC – A NIC or Network Interface Card works on layer 1 (the physical
layer) of the OSI model. A network interface cards function is to encode the data to bits that can be
sent through the network cable. Repeater – A Repeater also a layer one device is used to extend the
range or Wifi or cable by taking the packets being sent and then reforming them to be sent out again.

Computer Networking, The Transport Layer Of The Internet...
In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered
architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet Protocol Suite and the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI). The protocols of the layer provide host–to–host communication services for
applications. It provides services such as connection–oriented data stream support, reliability, flow
control, and multiplexing.
1.1 Protocols:
This list shows some protocols that are commonly placed in the transport layers of the Internet
protocol suite, the OSI protocol suite, NetWare 's IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and Fibre Channel.
ATP, AppleTalk Transaction Protocol
CUDP, Cyclic UDP
DCCP, Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
FCP, Fibre Channel Protocol
IL, IL Protocol
MPTCP, Multipath TCP
RDP, Reliable Datagram Protocol
RUDP, Reliable User Datagram Protocol
SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SPX, Sequenced Packet Exchange
SST, Structured Stream Transport
TCP, Transmission Control Protocol
UDP, User Datagram Protocol
UDP–Lite
µTP, Micro Transport Protocol
1.2 Comparison of OSI transport protocols
ISO/IEC 8073/ITU–T Recommendation X.224, "Information Technology – Open Systems
Interconnection – Protocol for providing the connection–mode transport service", defines five
classes of connection–mode transport protocols designated class 0 (TP0) to class 4 (TP4). Class 0
contains no error recovery, and was designed for use on network layers that provide

Data Communication : Unit Standard 6852 V7
Describe Data Communication
Unit Standard 6852 v7
Level 4 Credit 4
Research Projects Assessment Task 1: Data communication types historically used, developments
leading to Local Area Network, current data communication, and trends from emerging
developments. Communication among humans has always been there from the very start and the
modes of communication developed as they moved further apart from each other. The early
centuries records of people messengers who were used to transport messages as fast as they could.
Pigeons were trained to transport messages. There is indications that Heliographs were used for
serious signaling purposes. A code book was issued by the 16th century for British navy including
flags with different meanings to communicate during the war. Then there were watchman who had
the responsibility of data transmission. There were various ways of transmitting data without the
help of electricity (Holzmann and Pehrson, 2015).
The age of electric telegraphed information came into picture in the late 1800's when the first Trans–
Atlantic cable was laid. The basic elements of Morse code were used. "Mr. Watson, come here, I
want you." These were the first words spoken by Alexander Graham Bell while working with his
invention, the telephone. The wireless telegraph was a major breakthrough in the development of
broadcast communication (Holzmann and Pehrson, 2015).
The turn of the nineteenth century saw the invention of tele typewriter. Tele printer

Essay on Netw 240 course project
Linux Vendors Comparisons
DeVry University
During my research of Linux vendors, I have narrowed my options to three distinct vendors. I have
found Red Hat, Novell, and Ubuntu were three of the best companies worldwide. Each vendor has
their advantages and disadvantages. I will address the positive and negative points of each vendor.
The main differences between the three vendors that I will discuss are cost, training & support,
performance & reliability, and lastly availability. The first thing I will discuss is cost. Cost is always
an important issue that must be addressed for a business. A product that does not have an equal or
gain return when compared to its cost would be considered a poor ... Show more content on
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Each of the vendors offers to provide training to our staff as part of the purchase. They also offer to
continue to train our staff as long as we have an account with them. Customer support is also a
crucial part of our decision. We need excellent customer support from the vendor. We also need
quick response to our request for customer support. Red Hat specifically states that it has 24/7
customer support. What that means is that twenty–four hours and day seven days a week, Red Hat
customer support is ready to provide their services. Ubuntu states that it offers profession support to
its customers. Novell also supports the use of Macs and their operation system (OS). Some of the
advantages of selecting each vendor's product are similar and still somewhat distinct. Red Hat in
(For sap business,) states, "that is a responsive customer support, higher performance standards,
collaborative engineering for better products, and designed–in security." Customer support is a very
important advantage. Higher performance standards are also an important advantage. Higher
performance means we will get what we paid for or more in our return. According to (Stevens,
2011) there are several pros and cons to using Red Hat. Some of the advantages are its scalability in
the processors and memory, ability for hot–swapping of processors, and an integrated KVM
virtualization with Kernel Samepage Merging and SELinux sandbox options. Some of the cons of
Red Hat are its server

Network Administration Essay
Network Administration
I have worked as a computer network administrator for over 5 years. I have worked mostly with
networks in a mixed Microsoft Windows NT and
Novell Netware environment. I am a Novell Certified Novell Engineer
(CNE) and I am a certified Novell GroupWise Administrator. I have taken classes in configuration
of Cisco routers. In this essay, I will discuss the definition of a network administrator, the tasks and
responsibilities of a network administrator and share a day in the life of a network administrator. For
documentation on my credentials,
I am including my certification certificates.
What is a Network Administrator?
A network administrator is one who maintains and troubleshoots your
computer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The network obviously includes the routers, switches, modems, and data services like ISDN lines
and ATM, frame relay, or ADSL links. The hosts on which the user accounts and application servers
reside certainly participate in networking, especially in a TCP/IP environment where they're the only
devices actually implementing the
TCP protocol. The network administrator controls network addresses, protocols used, and the
network interfaces because these are all obviously network components. The network administrator
will also control routing, name resolution, and assignment of TCP and UDP socket numbers. Tasks
and Responsibilities
The basic tasks and responsibilities of a Network Administrator are:
– Staff training and support
– Software installation, maintenance, and upgrading
– Hardware installation, maintenance, and upgrading
– Research and troubleshooting
– Routine administration and maintenance

– Network documentation
– Database supervision
– Knowledge and experience with the type of network the company has
– Knowledge and experience with your office applications
– Knowledge and experience with network software installation
– Knowledge and experience with hardware installation and upgrades
– Ability to teach and train about network use and software skills
– Knowledge and experience with network email
– Dedication to appropriate uses of computer

Computer Network Administrator
COMPUTER NETWORK ADMINISTRATOR
A computer network (the "network") is the connection of at least two or more computers for the
purpose of sharing data and resources. These resources can include printers, Internet access, file
sharing, and electronic mail ("e–mail"). In today 's technological environment, most companies and
businesses have some kind of network used on a daily basis. Thus, it is imperative to day–to–day
operations that networks run smoothly. Companies employ at least one person to watch over this
important aspect of any company 's business. This person is generally called a network
administrator. This position carries significant responsibilities since most companies are subject to
significant operating losses should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exams to obtain these certifications are various and challenging. Although self–paced training
classes are offered, real classroom experience is almost essential to being successful in obtaining
these certifications. Experienced certified instructors focus on the important material and offer on–
the–job examples to help any student understand the material in order to pass the examinations.
Vendor–Neutral Certification
While specific vendor certifications are most sought after, there are several beginner certifications
developed by CompTIA, the Computing Technology Industry Association. Technical schools, some
high schools, and self–paced training courses offer these courses. "The usual starting certifications
include A+, Network+, and Internet+" (p. 28). The A+ certification is for personal computer
technicians working with hardware and software troubleshooting. The Network+ certification covers
networking basics. Internet+ offers training on different aspects of the World Wide Web such as e–
mail and web page design. Most entry–level tech support positions require at least one or more of
these certifications.
SALARY EXPECTATION
The network administrator is a very important position in any company and, as such, is well
reimbursed financially. However, according to an article titled Career Direction, "Computer
Network administrator wages vary greatly

Analysis Of Car-Card And Represent
a Java interface to lend a render unnecessary nigh the envoy intention to seek and render a
reckoning for the grant–money. The instrument intend may barring make consistent a narcotic addict
interface, such as a GUI to stand a telluric rude to cooperate regarding a instrument, e.g., to
choreograph a camera grip into the reticle. Hence depart this instant a ground–breaking help
registers itself, it undertake refer the lifetime, the authority majority, for which it stamina be
approachable. On the liquidation of this duration, the uphold oblige heal its qualify. In another
situation, it strength of character be surely calm non–native the grinding. So so Car–card and
Represent (UPnP) It is a wonted of networking protocols digress permits ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
UPnP AV is a devise of traditions based on UPnP go off allows audio and flick gratify to be united
beside strident pressurize. This enables media instrument and dousing materials to be sent between
gear. For cause, a overlay stored on a constant Wish in a chamber could be mannered take respect to
on the Boob tube shade in the crowded district. The vital backwards of a UPnP AV jangling is soi–
disant a Media Salver and base be carry out exotic a Macintosh, Windows, or Linux calculator or
strange a arms tool primarily purposeful to superintend the grate. The vital contentedness of the
UPnP origination are as follows: Gear. UPnP outfit footing pass muster a surrounded by of
secondment and nested tack. For feature intention, the machinery possess setting up an XML
machinery tale licence deviate lists antivenin qualifications down the machinery, the utility
connected less the utensil, and the nested paraphernalia. The gadgetry recital contract shot planned
additionally quantify a Permanent power Locator (URL) for the reserved merit. The assist in
conformity Down is an XML concession drift lists the direction and allege variables cruise hand out
to a cure uphold offered by the instrument. Repair or functionalities are provided by UPnP
paraphernalia for second choice equipment to give a reason for. UPnP help consists of assert
variables walk modify answer fro the assist, and administration ramble buttocks be invoked to take
consideration of what the abet

Web Based Information System
Web–Based Application Development implications for project management and development
processes The unique nature of many web–based applications broadens the role of traditional project
management and adds a new dimension to the software development process.In addition to the
participation and contribution of analysts, designers, programmers, architects, managers, domain
experts and so on, web–based applications often contain significant multimedia content (images,
movie clips, sound clips and text) requiring specialist resources for their development. Multimedia
development Groups separate from the software engineers usually produce multimedia web content
in parallel, in a similar way that on–line help is typically produced by a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Specific cross–border e–commerce platforms and business partnering networks now make
globalization accessible also for small and medium sized companies. Face–to–face business
networking Professionals who wish to leverage their presentation skills with the urgency of
physically being present, attend general and exclusive events. Many professionals tend to prefer
face–to–face networking over online based networking because the potential for higher quality
relationships are possible. Many individuals also prefer face–to–face because people tend to prefer
actually knowing and meeting who they intend to do business with. General business networking
Before online networking, there was and has always been, networking face–to–face. "Schmoozing"
or "rubbing elbows" are expressions used among business professionals for introducing and meeting
one another, and establishing rapport. Business networking in the ICT domain Companies /
organizations –– and related value chains / value networks –– need some sort of IT support.
Traditionally, it is provided by software applications, software packages /suites, ERPs and/or
workflows; presently, also by different types of web–based innovations. A truly "ICT" business
networking approach rethinks –– and rebuilds –– the operating support from scratch, around two
key business features: information contributions, to be provided by the

Security Measures For A System
Review Paper On Security Measures For A System Ankita Dongre1, Trupti Kamthankar2, Suvarna
Baviskar2, Akash Sharma2
1 Asst. Professor, 2Student
1 G. S. Mandal's, Marathwada Institute Of Technology, 2 G. S. Mandal's, Marathwada Institute Of
Technology
Beed Bypaas Road, Aurangabad, Pin no.431028
1ankita.dongre@gmail.com, 2tgkamthankar@gmail.com, 2suvarna22kar30@gmail.com,
2akash.sharma305@gmail.com
Abstract: Security systems are constantly being a thread to ethical hackers; still in today 's scenario
it is very crucial task to manage the security for various system components. This paper gives a deep
insight towards every aspect of system consider system software, system hardware & system
database. Apart from the core security techniques ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Five essential services provided by a secure system are Authentication, Authorization, Integrity,
Privacy and Non–repudiation. So we can use security measures like use a strong password, Protect
confidential information, Make sure our operating system and virus protection are up–to–date, Use
secure and supported applications, Beware of suspicious e–mails, store confidential information
only on HSU servers, backup our data and make sure we can restore it, protect information in all its
forms, learn to be security aware [1]. The security is provided to any kind of system by using three
measures as Software Security, Hardware Security and Database Security which conceptually shown
as follows: Figure 1: System Security Framework
2. SOFTWARE SECURITY
Software security is an idea implemented to protect software against malicious attack and other
hacker risks so that the software continues to function correctly under such potential risks. Security
is necessary to provide integrity, authentication and availability [2].
Basically there are two types of software's: System Software and Application Software. The security
is provided by both kinds. The primary software security is provided by the operating system. So we
performed analysis on various categories of operating systems for security issues and techniques.
2.1 Distributed System
The security

Designing a Network Essay
Designing a Network
I. STATEMENT & BACKGROUND
The college of Business (COB) server is now being used to support deliver to the Computer
Information System (CIS) department. The CIS professors would be using the server for various
operations. Assignments, e–mail, and other types of information would be easier for the students to
access. Network users are able to share files, printers and other resources; send electronic messages
and run programs on other computers.
However, certain important issues need to be addressed and concentrated on. In order to begin the
process of setting up the COB server, the total numbers of users (faculty and students) must be
determined. Some other significant factors to be approached are: the required ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Other tasks that are covered in this class are computer applications ins spreadsheets, word
processors, and database systems. Information systems affect both business people and people who
live in society.
The first programming class CIS majors take is CIS 256. This CIS course will be very beneficial for
the server. Business Computer Programming (CIS 256) introduces the student to an application of
programming principle in business. Detailed assignments involve flowcharting, coding,
documentation, and testing. This course provides the student with a background of computer
architecture and data representation. This class account will require the BASIC programming
language that will be used as well as the compiler.
The CIS elective, CIS 301, emphasizes maximum "hands–on" experience with microcomputers and
software packages, including word processing, spreadsheets, database managers, and graphic
systems. Microcomputer Applications (CIS 301), is an important course for students not majoring in
Computer Information Systems, but would like to familiarize themselves with the personal
computer. This account will contain Microsoft Office and e–mail capabilities.
An important class that becomes useful for the server is the CIS 358 course. The professor can send
applications, reports, programs and other data to the

Local Area Networks (LANs) Essay
Local area networks (LANs).
DEFINITION
The concept of local area networks (LANs) is not new. It represents a logical development of
computer technology. With the advent of microcomputers in the 1980s many office workers began
bringing their own disks into work, compromising data integrity. They also began keeping their own
databases, which companies did not like. The answer was to create a computer network.
A computer network is a group of computers connected together enabling users to share resources
and communicate with each other. Resources can be hardware, software, or data. Without a network,
each employee might require a dedicated printer connected to his workstation or individual copies of
application software ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cost for each wireless node is generally higher than a conventional LAN node.
LAN devices
Today, LANs use sophisticated programs that permit several users to work with the same resources
at the same time. This can include hard disk drives, printers, plotters, software, etc. LANs are
composed of various components performing specific tasks so each user can access shared
resources. Generally, every component in a network is called a node. Each node is further identified
by the specific task it performs. A user's node is called a terminal or a workstation. This can be a
"dumb" device, meaning it has no operating system, just a monitor and keyboard, or a "smart" node,
meaning it can do it's own computing because of an internal central processor.
A server is a node on the network that provides services to the users of that network. A server will
manage hardware and software resources or monitor the exchange of information through a
network. Each server will respond to the requests of a user and provide a service, like printing a
document or retrieving a stored file. There are two basic types of servers: Dedicated and Non–
dedicated. A dedicated server performs a specific task or function all the time where as a non–
dedicated server functions in other capacities. A network with servers that are strictly dedicated is
called a Client–Server Network.
A network where services are provided by user's

Hotel Literature Review
2. Literature Review
2.1 Why the hotel industry
The focus is on the hotel industry because; the geographical location of a hotel has a major impact
on its operations and profitability (Namasivayam, K., Enz, C. A., &
Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Furthermore geographical location of a hotel greatly determines the profile of
its visitors, the size of its market and the level of competition that it has to face. These three
variables also have a strong impact on the ICT adoption tendency of a hotel. This is because the ICT
adoption tendency of a hotel can be linked mainly to its expectations about the value addition that
ICTs can provide to its customers, as well as the belief about the expansion of its target market
through ICTs. A hotel will therefore be more inclined to adopt ICTs if it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the world's largest GDS (Global Distribution
System) namely Sabre, Galileo, Amadeus and Worldspsan are examined. Besides analyzing the
telecommunication technologies in the industry, the hospitality sector, entertainment sector,
transport sector, management sector and other intermediaries have been diligently explored.
2.5 ICT in Tourism and Hospitality Sector
Parsons and Oja (2013) mention online reservations systems as one of the greatest impacts of ICT
on tourism and hospitality sector. Major travel companies such as
Expedia, Orbitz, and Thomas Cook, as well as, medium and even small sized tourism and
hospitality firms have online reservation functionalities on official company website. Online
reservation capabilities provide substantial cost saving opportunities for businesses in tourism and
hospitality sector that otherwise would have been spent on human resources making reservations in
a manual manner.
Moreover, according to Mihalic and Buhalis (2013), while the majority of businesses in tourism and
hospitality sector have adopted various components of ICT to

Questions On Cisco 's Management System
 Question 1 Organization: Cisco is a networking company that designs, manufactures, and sells
networking equipment. In 1994, Cisco 's management system was inflexible, which hindered the
development of the company. Appropriate enterprise system Appropriate enterprise system to
support Cisco is ERP system because ERP solved Cisco's problems with flexibility and technology
that happened in 1994. This system give Cisco many benefits such as: 1. With regard to technology,
the IT platform architecture was standardized throughout Cisco 100% for many tasks such as, UNIX
at the server level and Windows NT at the LAN level. 2. The new system provides the employees
with the ability to use internal applications and most functions. This means that the system will help
to improve time and cost efficiency and access to the information. In other words, it will help to
improve employee's productivity and the company's high level of flexibility. 3. The new system has
now more than 17 languages. This will not create any language barrier problems. In addition, it will
increase the number of prospective consumers and the company 's reputation will be largely
renowned. 4. Cisco, with the new system, can ship products all over the Internet. In addition, the
customers could make orders via the Internet from anywhere in the world. 5. Moreover, the new
system provides Cisco the ability to support distance learning. This will help Cisco to communicate
training with the employees. Enterprise

The Rise Of Personal Computers On The Workplace
The rise of personal computers in the workplace has been very dramatic since their general
introduction many years ago. The computing industry is unique in that it is continuously improving
in a never ending effort for enhanced productivity and ultimate portability. From the first personal
computer, the space hogging IBM 610, to the random mix of smartphones, tablets, two–in–ones,
laptops, and desktops of today, that mission continues to refine and polish the idea of the personal
computer in an effort to create and re–create the most versatile platform for getting things done.
Since the time of the now incredibly obsolete 610, IBM and many other companies have needed
intense research, dramatic reorganizations, extreme designs, and their subsequent successes and
failures to find what will be the "next big thing" in the world of personal computers. As the devices
and services that people use change, so do the jobs of people who manage and service them. An
excellent example of this process is in the work of Jon Bjorkstrand, current Plant Systems and
Network Administrator for ConAgra Foods. He is currently responsible for the network operations
at two of ConAgra's Lamb Weston plants, and supports operations at eighteen other ConAgra plants.
Bjorkstrand began working for ConAgra at the R. D. Offutt plant in Park Rapids, MN in 1996,
where the current corporate I.T. group had instituted Novell NetWare servers. In his time at the
company, he has overseen the transition from Novell

Quickbooks
Running Head: QUICKBOOKS QuickBooks BA Project Paper Penn State Harrisburg University I.
INTRODUCTION Information Technology (IT) is a foundation for conducting business today. It
plays a critical role in increasing productivity of firms and entire nation. It is proven that firms who
invested in IT have experienced continued growth in productivity and efficiency. Many companies'
survival and even existence without use of IT is unimaginable. IT has become the largest component
of capital investment for companies in the United States and many other countries.
Accounting/Finance application systems like Peachtree, Net Suite and QuickBooks let you manage
your business with a little or no experience. All three application systems allow ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, a screen used to record a check resembles a paper check or a customer invoice
resembles a paper invoice form. After the information is entered, QuickBooks automatically records
the appropriate accounting transaction using the information entered. Another feature that is offered
with QuickBooks is the customization for individual needs. Using the professionally designed
templates or build your own templates and customized forms with the QuickBooks Layout
Designer, users can create professional looking estimates, invoices, sales receipts etc. to meet the
individuals needs. In addition to customizing the look, QuickBooks allows users to turn features on
and off, change the color of the interface to make it easier to distinguish between companies, and
customize the reports to focus on specific information. QuickBooks Merchant Service is another
feature that is offered, which allows the users to process credit cards with a click of a button. It is the
only credit card processing solution that's completely integrated into QuickBooks. It is sold
separately and there is no need for additional hardware or software. It saves the user money and
makes the job easier by keeping more accurate records. Besides that it also tells the user when
payments have been deposited to the bank account and it also allows the user to download merchant
fees into QuickBooks. Being able to access any important

Explain The Purpose Of An Operating System
Explain the purpose of an Operating System: Operating Systems manage hardware and provide
services for application software; this means that it makes it easier for users to interact with different
software and hardware available on the computer. The most common operating systems are
Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. While each OS is different, they all provide a graphical user
interface GUI a GUI allows users to click and drag objects with a mouse instead of entering text at a
command line. Characteristics of an Operating System: Multi–User allows multiple users to use the
same computer at the same time or different times. The most common and most well known OS that
use s multi–user is Windows 7. Multitasking is performing more than one task at the same time, a
task being a program. Multiprocessing is the support of more than one processor at the same time.
Applications in a multi–processing system are broken into smaller routines that run by themselves.
Multithreading is the operating system process to manage its use by more than one user at a time or
manage multiple tasks by the same user without having the need of multiple copies of the program
running on the computer. GUI (Graphical User Interface) allows users to click and drag objects with
a mouse instead of entering text at a command line. A GUI uses windows, icons, and menus to carry
out commands for instance opening files, deleting files, and moving files. Main four functions of an
Operating System: Control

A List Of The Best Shopping Cart Software For E Commerce...
There are various types of e–commerce software, hosted, licensed, and Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP). The size of the e–commerce business is the best indicator of which ecommerce
software type is the best fit. ERP is intended for large businesses, licensed (hosted by your own
business server) is geared toward medium sized ecommerce shops, and hosted (where the software
is hosted by the developer), is recommended for very small or small businesses. I turned to Jasmine
A.'s article "A list of the Best Shopping Cart Software for E–Commerce Websites" for details on
each ecommerce software option. Based on Jasmine's article I learned immediately that we could
eliminate the hosted solution from the mix as Godiva.com is not a small shop, and hosted solutions
do not integrate well with other software. Additionally, the Godiva site requires customization of the
shopping cart's source code, which is not possible with the hosted option, and lastly, Godiva has
more than five product types sold on the site. In considering the licensed option, although you have
control over the software and you are able to customize to a point, Rachel Andrew of Smashing
Magazine.com reminds us that many open–source licensed options force you to use their templates,
additionally, they may force you to turn–on JavaScript in order for the shopping cart to function
properly. If you are able to update the script, when the licensed software is upgraded by the system,
it may overwrite your changes.

Virtual Network : Virtual Private Network Essay
Today, the technology VPN (Virtual Private Network) has established strong recognition among IT
people and every administrator is committed to organize VPN–channels for employees working
outside the office. Virtual Private Network is an association of individual machines, or virtual LAN
network, which ensures the integrity and security of data transmitting. It has the properties of a
dedicated private network and allows data transfer between two computers via an intermediate
network such as Internet. VPN has a number of economic advantages over other methods of remote
access. Firstly, users can access the corporate network, without installing with its switched
connection, thus eliminating the need to use modems. Secondly, there is no need for the leased line,
which helps to reduce a cost. The main reason that companies use secure VPN, is that they want to
send "sensitive" and / or confidential information over the Internet, without fear that someone will
be able to intercept and read the transmitted data. Providers implementing technology trusted VPN,
interested in transferring data at a pre–specified routes through a network of one or more trusted
providers. Differences between trusted and secure VPN stand at the stage of defining requirements
to the network. Secure VPN guarantee the confidentiality of information transmitted, but not
responsible for the transmission routes. Trusted VPN provides the necessary routing and delivery
time, maintaining the required level of

Enterprise Networks Essay
Today's enterprise networks are more and more likely to be Windows based or at the very least have
large Windows components coexisting with other network operating systems (NOS) such as the
many UNIX/Linux variants, or Novell's NetWare. Since the time that Microsoft began offering
Windows NT Server version 3.51 through today's Windows 2003 Server and its upcoming
successor, codenamed "Longhorn", the job of centralized network authentication and administration
has been built around Microsoft's domain network architecture.
Over the years Microsoft's domain architecture has changed and evolved significantly. The
introduction of Active Directory has eclipsed the older Primary Domain Controller (PDC) and
Backup Domain Controller (BDC) model ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 1: Creating a Forest Design – Microsoft TechNet:
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/0e40afb5–4504–4990–b579–
052abe6bc5991033.mspx?mfr=true. (2003)
The implementation of Microsoft's Active Directory can also assist in actually reducing the number
of domains used in a given Microsoft based network. In the more recent implementations of
Microsoft's domain model, all network objects such as computers, printers, users, groups, Microsoft
Exchange mail accounts and other related network components are all stored in Microsoft's Active
Directory (DiNicolo, 2004, p. 24–25). Active Directory can minimize the number of domains
required as compared to past Microsoft domain architecture examples by providing a central
repository for network authentication and administration which is capable of replicating its data to
other domain controllers within the network using the process known as multimaster replication
(DiNicolo, 2004, p 25). This process allows a domain controller to replicate its Active Directory
database to other domain controllers within the network. This process also enables users at other
locations within the network to authenticate and use the same network resources as other users who
are physically closer to the primary domain. In addition, the Dcpromo wizard allows for other
Windows 2003 servers within the network to be promoted to the status of

Nt1330 Unit 4 Exercise 1
Chapter 4 – Describe the impact on users of migrating from a small single server–based network to
a directory–based network with multiple servers in different roles. Also describe the impact on
network designers and administrators.
When you have a single server, users will have to login to their local machines via a local account.
Any data that they would need access to on the network will need to be authenticated via a set of
credentials on the server itself. The user in this case will be using two different set of credentials to
access all of their data. When you move into a directory–based network with multiple servers in
different roles, things become very easy for both the users and the administrators. The
administrators will need to connect each computer to the domain that way the computer will become
trusted and the user accounts will be able to be authenticated by the domain controller. Both the
local computer logins as well as access to all of the data on each and every server will be the same
and configured from just one location. This makes it easier for the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The network currently has three Novell NetWare 3.2 servers. You have Windows clients that access
the NetWare servers through a Windows 2000 Server running GSNW. You plan to replace the
NetWare servers with new servers, eventually removing the NetWare servers from the network.
What type of authentication is used between the Windows 2000 Server and the NetWare servers?
What network–centric directory structure, if any, is currently being used?
When you are dealing with both a Windows 2000 server and a NetWare server you can authenticate
via Kerberos. This would allow a very easy transition for the future when the Novell servers are
phased out. Another option that can be done is by setting up a radius server that can connect to the
Novell Netware servers and pulls its information from the Active Directory

Computer Software : Operating System Software
Computer Software
Computer software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task. Computer is
useless without a software. For example without internet browser you cannot search anything on the
internet. You need system software such as word processer, which enables a user to perform a task,
and system software such as an operating system, which enables software to run properly. Computer
software has to be installed within the computer storage (such as hard drive, memory, or RAM).
Once the software is installed, the computer is able to execute the software.
Types of software's:
Operating System Software:
An operating system is a software that enable the computer hardware to communicate with the
computer software. Without ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a multitasking computer operating system. It was designed to be a small and flexible operating
system.
DOS–command line:
Disk Operating System (DOS) was the first operating system used by IBM computers. It was
originally available in two versions "PC–DOS" and "MS–DOS"
Linux–command line:
Linux is a software that enables application and the computer operator to access the devices on the
computer to perform desired functions.
Windows 95, NT, 98, ME, 2000, XP, Vista, and Windows 7:
These are the computer operating systems designed by the Microsoft.
Novell Netware:
Novell Netware is also a brand of operating system designed for networks or simply a local area
network (LAN) operating system. Netware is a product of the popular IT–centred company called
Novell.
MAC OS:
Mac operating is series of graphical user interface (GUI). Mac operating system was developed by
Apple Inc. It was first introduced in 1984.
MAC OS X:
This operating system was released in 2001. It is the latest version of Mac OS. It is a series of UNIX
based graphical interface operating system.
Virus:
Virus is a software program that are designed to spreads from one computer to another and to
interfere with computer operations. While using the internet your computer may have come in

contact with computer viruses. A computer virus might corrupt or delete data on the computer, or
erase everything on your hard disk. Viruses also spread ether by portable media, such as external

Microsoft Vs. Application Software
Company Overview
XYZ Corporation is a small company that is supply management system has not been updated since
1990. The current system is performing and doing the job that is currently needed from the
company. Unfortunately, there have been some complaints from employees and suppliers that the
system is slow and the interface is difficult to use. The corporation is currently looking to update our
current system.
IDENTIFY
OS vs Application Software
System Software
WINDOWS 8.1
Benefits
There are many benefits that can be found in Windows 8.1 that include easier access to applications
and key controls, familiar mouse and key options, finding app will be much easier and more devices
will be available with Windows. This upgrade will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Multitasking has become much easier, users can now have multiple application open at the same
time with clear view of each other. Users can also access OneDrive (can share and save documents
onedrive automatically)and Internet Explorer 11with much more ease. Along with some standard
apps like mail, music, video, phone, camera and so much, more (Features of Windows 8.1 –
Microsoft Windows, n.d.).
Requirement (System requirements – Microsoft Windows, n.d.)
Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2
RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) (32–bit) or 2 GB (64–bit)
Hard disk space: 16 GB (32–bit) or 20 GB (64–bit)
Graphics card: Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM driver
APPLE MAC OS X
Benefits
Advantages of Mac Os include the following; security, which has a two–layered system that allows
for added protection making almost impossible for virus to penetrate the system; the only way is if
the user allows it. Reliability the OS was developed from the beginning from Apple creates a stable
and reliable system. Integration with other products, the operating system will automatically detect
other Apple products like Iphone and Ipad. Lastly, the user will be able to run Windows
simultaneously with Mac OS running windows at the same time (Carson, 2011).

Drawbacks
Some of the drawbacks or disadvantages of a MAC OS are that it can be pricy because of the
highest–end hardware used to

Operating Systems Is A Key Component Of The Whole Computer...
Operating systems is a crucial component of the whole computer machine operating systems are
used to run the computer without this the computers will be hopeless the back of he computer is
where operating system is the OS of the computer is usually in Rom chip so its stored in there going
back to when I said that it's a crucial part on computer that's because it enables your computer to
have a desktop and also it enables it to run other pieces of software what are called programs so
basically it manages your computers hardware and software operating system manages software by
telling hardware what to do and what no to so basically without this no user would be able to
communicate or interact with software programs so basically when you click on a program on your
computer or browse something it automatically finds outs and sends commands to the program by
this the program makes use of the CPU and the memory of your computer. By this it will
communicate the output of the programs to h e user by utilizing the monitor screen. Good thing
about operating system is as you as you are logged on it automatically keeps all kind of programs on
your computer running so when you do click on a certain program it uploads in no less than a
minute or 2. Moreover your computer must have the suitable device drivers for the software to work
with the hardware and the hardware with the software. Operating system is in products like mobile
phones computer laptops iPad even you're TV. Hardware

Comparison of Rdbms
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPEN SYSTEMS APPLICATION ENVIRONMENT
RDBMS COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW
The Defense Finance and Accounting Services Financial Systems Organization (DFAS) plans to
establish a standard development and operational environment for DFAS applications running on
workstations, network servers, and mid–tier platforms. To accomplish this, the Government has
commissioned a study to 1) evaluate currently used development environments and industry
standards and 2) perform an analysis of these alternative development environment; identifying the
most effective solutions for DFAS.
A key component of this planned Open Systems Application Environment (OSAE) is a Relational
Database Management System ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Oracle7 includes all the facilities necessary to construct enterprise–class applications, assure end–
to–end user and data security, and comprehensively manage the Oracle environment.
For high–performance transaction processing, Oracle7 employs an integrated, multithreaded,
multiserver architecture to handle thousands of simultaneous user requests. Through its adaptable
parallel architecture, Oracle ensures optimal performance, salability, and availability facilitating
organizational growth and data access predictability.
The sophisticated data concurrency control model of the Oracle7 Server ensures the powerful
support for a multitude of processing requirements including, but not limited to On–line Transaction
Processing and Decision Support, thus meeting specific and varied application requirements.
Distributed database query and transaction processing requirements are also supported with the
Oracle7 Server. Developers and users can treat a physically distributed database as a single logical
database though the transparent distributed capabilities of the Oracle7 Server, enabling the
enterprise flexibility in the placement of its data. In addition, Oracle7 allows organizations to
transparently replicate commonly used data to multiple nodes offering further flexibility in the
placement and use of the enterprise 's critical information. Oracle7 's Open Gateway architecture
ensures the smooth transition from

Quickbooks Accounting Software Essay
I. INTRODUCTION
Information Technology (IT) is a foundation for conducting business today. It plays a critical role in
increasing productivity of firms and entire nation. It is proven that firms who invested in IT have
experienced continued growth in productivity and efficiency. Many companies' survival and even
existence without use of IT is unimaginable. IT has become the largest component of capital
investment for companies in the United States and many other countries. Accounting/Finance
application systems like Peachtree, Net Suite and QuickBooks let you manage your business with a
little or no experience. All three application systems allow the users to manage the companies'
capital including bookkeeping, inventory, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It provides the most comprehensive tools for small business financial management. It is used to
track expenses, prepare and send invoices, prepare financial statements, track inventory levels, and
many other jobs that small businesses must perform to stay successful. New versions like Simple
Start for new businesses and Enterprise version for larger businesses is currently out on the market
available to purchase. Besides the desktop software, QuickBooks is offering an online version which
is hosted though the online edition. Simple Start is the so called most simple version. It is designed
for users that do not want or need full–fledged accounting software but still want an efficient way to
keep track of sales, expenses, and customers. It is designed to help the user see how much money
was made in a given month, which invoices have or have not been paid, who are the best customers
etc. The "Tax Detail" report which is also available is designed to help the user save time during the
tax time. It creates a report that can be handed to the accountant or the figures could be transferred
to the return. Typical price for the Simple Start software package is $99.95.
QuickBooks Enterprise Solutions software is the most powerful QuickBooks solution for larger,
growing businesses that QuickBooks is currently offering. With the Enterprise Solutions software,
one could save thousands in up–front and on–going system costs.

Information Technology For Business

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