Classwork

1. Course Tittle: Computer Networks Theory
Course Code: CSE317
Submitted to:
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer,Dept of CSE
City University, Dhaka.
Submitted By:
Name: Neheruma Sultana Riya
ID:1834902578
Dept: CSE(Day)
Batch:49th

2. LAN:
Lan is called Local Area Network. A local area network is a computer network that
interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school,
laboratory, university campus or office building. It covers Upto1 Kilometer
Distance 10 Kilometer Distance It is a network which consists of less than 5000
interconnected devices across several buildings. Data of all network users can be
stored on a single hard disk of the server computer. Local Area Network provides
higher security
PAN:
Pan is called Personal Area Network. A personal area network (PAN) connects
electronic devices within a user's immediate area. Personal Area Network covers
an area of 10 meters. PAN includes mobile devices, tablet, and laptop. Thomas
Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea of the Personal Area
Network.
MAN:
Man is called metropolitan Area Network. A metropolitan area network (MAN) is
a computer network that connects computers within a metropolitan area, which
could be a single large city, multiple cities and towns, or any given large area with
multiple buildings. The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame
Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc. It offers fast communication using high-
speed carriers, like fiber optic cables.
WAN:
Wan is called Wide Area Network. A wide area network (also known as WAN), is
a large network of information that is not tied to a single location. WAN network
system could be a connection of a LAN which connects with other LAN's using
telephone lines and radio waves. It is mostly limited to an enterprise or an
organization. A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business,

3. government, and education. The software files will be shared among all the users;
therefore, all can access to the latest files.
Network Topology: A computer network is a collection of two or more
computers which are connected together to share information and resources.
There are 6 types of topologies: 1. Bus Topology,2. Star Topology,3. Ring
Topology,4. Tree Topology,5. Mesh Topology,6. Hybrid Topology
Bus Topology:
A Bus topology consists of a single cable called a bus connecting all nodes on a
network without intervening connectivity devices.
Advantages:
1. Works well for small networks.
2. Relatively inexpensive to implement.
3. Easy to expand joining two cables together.
4. Used in small network.

5. Disadvantages:
1. Management costs can be high
2. Cables fails then whole network fails.
3. Cables has a limited length.
Star Topology:
A star network is designed with each node (File server, workstation, peripheral)
connected directly to a central network hub or server.
Advantages:
1. Good option for modern networks
2. Low startup costs
3. Easy to manage
4. Offers opportunities for expansion
5. Most popular topology in use wide variety of equipment available
Disadvantages:
1. Hub is a single point of failure
2. Requires more cable than the bus
3. Cost of installation is high.
Ring topology:
A ring network is one where all workstations and other devices are connected in a
continuous loop. There is no central server.

6. Advantages:
1. • Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node orcable problem
2. • Well-suited for transmitting signals over long distances on a LAN
3. • Handles high-volume network traffic
Disadvantages:
1. Expensive
2. Requires more cable and network equipment at the start
3. Not used as widely as bus topology
4. Fewer equipment options
5. Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication
Tree topology:
It has a root node and all other nodes a connected to it forming hierarchy. It is also
called Hierarchical Topology.
Advantages:
1. Extension of Bus and Star Topology.
2. Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
3. Easily managed and maintained.
Disadvantages:
1. Heavily cabled.
2. Costly.
3. If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
4. Central hub fails, network fails.

7. Mesh Topology:
It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. Traffic is carried only
between two devices or nodes to which it is connected. Mesh has n(n-2)/2 physical
channels to link devices.
Advantages:
1. Each connection can carry its own data load.
2. Fault is diagnosed easily.
3. Provide security and privacy.
Disadvantage:
1. Installation and configuration are difficult.
2. Cabling cost is more.
3. Bulk wiring is required.
Hybrid Topology:
It is the mixture of two or more topologies. Therefore it is called Hybrid topology.
A hybrid topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star and/or ring
topologies.
Advantages:
1. Reliable as error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
2. Effective.
3. Scalable as size can be increased easily.
4. Flexible.

8. Disadvantages:
1. Complex in design.
2. Costly.