What is Network Topology? A computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are connected together to share information and resources. Network Technology: The network technology is: • Intranet • Extranet • Internet.

1. Note 2
Classification of Computer Networks
Course Title: Computer Networks Theory
Course Code: CSE 317
Submitted To
Pranab Bandhu Nath
Senior Lecturer, Department Of CSE
City University, Dhaka
Submitted By
Hasibul Islam Nirob
ID: 182482526
BSc in CSE (Day)
Batch: 49th

2. What is Computer Network?
A computer network is any group of interconnected computing devices capable of
sending or receiving data. You can establish a network connection using either cable or
wireless media.
What is Network Topology?
A computer network is a collection of two or more computers which are connected
together to share information and resources.
Network Technology:
The network technology is:
• Intranet
• Extranet
• Internet.
Types of Topology:
Computer Network Types
• PAN (Personal Area Network)
• LAN (Local Area Network)
• MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• WAN (Wide Area Network)
1. PAN (Personal Area Network):
• Personal Area Network covers an area of 10 meters.
• PAN includes mobile devices, tablet, and laptop.
• Thomas Zimmerman was the first research scientist to bring the idea
of the Personal Area Network.
2. LAN (Local Area Network)
• Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a
small area such as school, laboratory, home, and office building.
• It is a network which consists of less than 5000 interconnected devices
across several buildings.
• Data of all network users can be stored on a single hard disk of the server
computer.
• Local Area Network provides higher security
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
• Metropolitan Area Network or MAN is consisting of a computer network
across an entire city, college campus, or a small region

3. • The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM,
ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc.
• It offers fast communication using high-speed carriers, like fiber optic cables.
4. WAN (Wide Area Network)-
• WAN network system could be a connection of a LAN which connects with
other LAN's using telephone lines and radio waves. It is mostly limited to an
enterprise or an organization.
• A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and
education.
• The software files will be shared among all the users; therefore, all can
access to the latest files.
Computer Network Topology Types
• Bus Topology
• Star Topology
• Ring Topology
• Tree Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Hybrid Topology
1. Bus Topology: A Bus topology consists of a single cable—called a
bus— connecting all nodes on a network without
intervening connectivity devices
Advantages of bus topology
• Works well for small networks.
• Relatively inexpensive to implement.
• Easy to expand joining two cables together.
• Used in small network.
Disadvantages of bus topology
• Management costs can be high
• Cables fails then whole network fails.
• Cables has a limited length.

4. 2. Star Topology: A star network is designed with each node (file server,
workstation, peripheral) connected directly to a central network hub or server.
Advantages of star topology
• Good option for modern networks
• Low startup costs
• Easy to manage Offers opportunities for expansion
• Most popular topology in use wide variety of equipment available
Disadvantages of star topology
• Hub is a single point of failure
• Requires more cable than the bus
• Cost of installation is high.
3. Ring topology: A ring network is one where all workstations and other devices
are connected in a continuous loop. There is no central server.
Advantages of ring topology
• Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node or cable problem
• Well-suited for transmitting signals over long distances on a LAN
• Handles high-volume network traffic
Disadvantages of ring topology
• Expensive
• Requires more cable and network equipment at the start
• Not used as widely as bus topology
– Fewer equipment options
– Fewer options for expansion to high-speed communication
4. Tree topology: It has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming
a hierarchy. It is also called Hierarchical Topology.
Advantages of tree topology
• Extension of Bus and Star Topology.
• Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
• Easily managed and maintained.
Disadvantages of tree topology
• Heavily cabled.
• Costly.
• If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
• Central hub fails, network fails.

5. 5. Mesh Topology: It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices.
Traffic is carried only between two devices or nodes to which it I connected.
Mesh has n(n-2)/2 physical channels to link HN devices.
Advantages of mesh topology
• Each connection can carry its own data load.
• Fault is diagnosed easily.
• Provide security and privacy.
Disadvantage of mesh topology
• Installation and configuration are difficult.
• Cabling cost is more.
• Bulk wiring is required.
6. Hybrid Topology: It is the mixture of two or more topologies. Therefore, it is
called Hybrid topology. A hybrid topology combines characteristics of linear bus
and star and/or ring topologies.
Advantages of hybrid topology
• Reliable as error detecting and trouble-shooting is easy.
• Effective.
• Scalable as size can be increased easily.
• Flexible.
Disadvantages of hybrid topology
• Complex in design.
• Costly
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network
https://www.belden.com/blogs/network-types
https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-computer-network
https://beginnersbook.com/2019/03/types-of-computer-network-lan-man-and-wan/
https://www.guru99.com/types-of-computer-network.html
https://www.tutorialsmate.com/2020/05/types-of-computer-networks.html
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/data_communication_computer_network/computer_net
work_types.htm
https://www.fieldengineer.com/blogs/what-is-a-computer-network
https://www.educba.com/types-of-computer-network/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-area-networks-lan-man-and-wan/
https://www.router-switch.com/faq/types-of-networks.html
https://www.slideshare.net/