network topology , workstation, hub ,switch ,cables.etc.

1. PRESTIGE INSTITIUTE OF
MANAGEMENT, GWALIOR
Network topologies, Server,
work station, Network
Interface cards, Hub ,Switches
,cables .
S R TRIPATHI
(mba)

2. Network Topology
Network topology is the pattern of interconnection between
computer in a network. Network topology shows the physical
layout of a network and shows links between them.

3. Types of Network Topology
1.Bus Topology:
Also called linear bus topology.
 One wire connects all devices.
 Use in small organization.
Advantages:
1. Easy to set up
2. Small amount of wire
Disadvantages:
1. Slow
2. Easy to crash

4. Star Topology
 All computers connected to a hub.
 Host computer controls all network.
Advantages:
 One cable not crashes all the network.
 Easy to set up.
Disadvantages:
 One hub crashes all network.
 Uses a lot of cables.

5. Ring Topology
Each node connects to exactly two nodes forming a single
continuous pathway for signals through each node.
Advantages:
 More reliable.
 Time to send data is known.
Disadvantages:
 Difficult to trouble shoot.
 Slow.

6. Mesh topology
Each node relays data for the network. All mesh nodes cooperate in the
distribution of data in the network.
Advantages:
 Easy to trouble shoot .
 Data will always delivered.
Disadvantages:
 Lots of cable.
 Hard to setup.

7. Tree Topology
Combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It
consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to
a linear bus backbone cable.
Advantages:
 Easy to add new devices.
 Easy to remove any branch.
Disadvantages:
 More cable.
 One branch fail may fail all network.

8. Server
a server is an instance of a computer program that accepts
and responds to requests made by another program, known
as a client. Less formally, any device that runs server
software could be considered a server as well.
Servers are used to manage network resources. For
example, a user may setup a server to control access to a
network, send/receive e-mail, manage print jobs, or host a
website.

9. Work station
A workstation is a computer intended for individual use that is faster and
more capable than a personal computer. It's intended for business or
professional use (rather than home or recreational use). Workstations
and applications designed for them are used by small engineering
companies, architects, graphic designers, and any organization,
department, or individual that requires a faster microprocessor, a large
amount of random access memory (RAM), and special features such as
high-speed graphics adapters. Historically, the workstation developed
technologically about the same time and for the same audience as the
UNIX operating system, which is often used as the workstation operating
system. Among the most successful makers of this kind of workstation
are Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, DEC, and IBM.

10. Network Interface Cards (NICs)
A network interface card (NIC) is a circuit board or card that is
installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
A network interface card provides the computer with a dedicated,
full-time connection to a network. Personal computers and
workstations on a local area network (LAN) typically contain a
network interface card specifically designed for the LAN
transmission technology
NICs—sometimes called network cards—are the mechanisms by
which computers connect to a network.

11. HUB
Hub is one of the basic icons of networking
devices which works at physical layer and hence
connect networking devices physically together.
Hubs are fundamentally used in networks that
use twisted pair cabling to connect devices.
A hub is a common connection point for devices
in a network. Hubs are commonly used to
connect segments of a LAN.

12. Switches
A network switch (also called switching hub,
bridging hub, officially MAC bridge) is a computer
networking device that connects devices together on
a computer network, by using packet switching to
receive, process and forward data to the destination
device.

13. Twisted pair wire
Twisted Pair Cable is one of the most
commonly used communication media. It consists
of a copper wires. These wires are covered by
insulating material (such as plastic). The wires
are twisted around each other. Twisting of wires
protect them from interference by external
electromagnetic waves.

14. Coaxial cable
Coaxial cable is also called Coax. It consists of a copper wire, which is
called the inner conductor. Usually, the inner conductor is surrounded by
three layers:
 An insulting material, which covers the inner conductor.
 The insulted inner conductor is surrounded by copper
shield
called outer conductor.
 An insulting material, which covers the outer conductor.

15. FIBER OPTIC CABLE
The fiber optic cable uses light to transmit data. It consists
of a very narrow strand or fiber of glass called the core. It is
as thin as a human hair. The core is surrounded by a
concentric layer of glass called cladding. The cladding is
further protected by plastic coating called the Jacket. An
important characteristic (or property) of fiber optic is
refraction. Refraction is the characteristic of a material to
either pass or reflect light.