Presented at The Seventh National Conference on Medical Informatics and The Annual Meeting of the Thai Medical Informatics Association (TMI-NCMedInfo 2018), Bangkok, Thailand on November 23, 2018
2. • Telemedicine (โทรเวชกรรม)
• tele- (to or at a distance) + medicine/health
• “The use of telecommunications technology for
medical diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic
purposes when distance and/or time separates the
participants.”
• Some use telehealth to indicate care beyond
provided in medical encounters (e.g. health
education, health-related websites)
Telemedicine & Telehealth
Hersh et al (2006)
4. • Store-and-forward telemedicine
– Collect data then transmit them for subsequent interpretation
• Home-based telemedicine
– Used by health professionals to monitor physiology, test results,
images and sounds, usually collected in a patient’s home or a
nursing facility
• Office/hospital-based telemedicine
– Usually real-time clinician-patient interactions that conventionally
would require face-to-face encounters between a patient and a
health professional
3 Main Types of Telemedicine
Hersh et al (2006)
8. • “Store-and-forward services have been studied in many specialties,
the most common being dermatology, wound care and
ophthalmology. The evidence for their efficacy is mixed.
• Several limited studies showed the benefits of home-based
telemedicine interventions in chronic diseases. Studies of
office/hospital-based telemedicine suggest that telemedicine is most
effective for verbal interactions, e.g. videoconferencing for diagnosis
and treatment in specialties like neurology and psychiatry.
• There are still significant gaps in the evidence base between where
telemedicine is used and where its use is supported by high-quality
evidence.
The Previous Era of
Telemedicine & Telehealth
Hersh et al (2006)
10. 3 Areas of Health IT
Patients &
Consumers
Providers & Patients
Healthcare Managers,
Policy-Makers,
Payers,
Epidemiologists,
Researchers
Copyright Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
11. Some Categories of “Health IT”
Providers
Patients &
Consumers
Electronic Health
Records (EHRs/EMRs)
Hospital Information
Systems (HIS)
mHealth
Management Information
Systems (such as Enterprise
Resource Planning)
Personal Health Records
(PHRs)
Telemedicine
Wearable Devices
“Smart Homes” IoT
mHealthWeb & Social Media
“Consumer Health
Informatics”
“Clinical Informatics”
Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
14. • Current Trends
–Change from using telehealth to increase access to
health care to providing convenience and reducing
cost
–Expansion of telehealth to chronic conditions
–Migration of telehealth from hospitals and clinics to
home and mobile devices
State of TeleHealth
Dorsey & Topol (2015)
15. • Limitations of Telehealth
–Reimbursement
• Limited & fragmented insurance coverage of telehealth
• Potential for excess health care utilization
–Clinical issues
• Patient-physician relationship
• Quality of physical examination
• Quality of care with remote visits than with in-person
visits
State of TeleHealth
Dorsey & Topol (2015)
16. Dorsey & Topol (2015)
• Limitations of Telehealth
–Clinical issues (continued)
•Potential for abuse (e.g. overprescribing of
narcotics)
•Fragmentation of care among multiple providers
–Legal issues (e.g., state licensure, liability)
–Social issues (digital divide)
State of TeleHealth
17. Legal Issues
• Privacy & Security Issues
• Liability due to Risks of Medical Errors
Misdiagnosis
Delayed Diagnosis & Treatment
Miscommunication & Information Reliability
• Legal Compliance
พรบ.สถานพยาบาล, พรบ.วิชาชีพ, พรบ.ยา, พรบ.เครื่องมือ
แพทย์ ฯลฯ
Legal Documentation
21. • Health IT as a replacement or supplement of
clinicians?
– The demise of the “Greek Oracle” model (Miller & Masarie, 1990)
The “Greek Oracle” Model
The “Fundamental Theorem” Model
Friedman (2009)
Wrong Assumption
Correct Assumption
Proper Roles of Health IT
46. • Disease-specific & specialty-specific telemedicine
medical practice guidelines (review of evidence &
balancing risk-benefits)
• Medical records documentation guidelines
• Security, privacy & identification/authentication
standards
• Harmonization among regulators
• Professional telemedicine training/certification?
Next Steps on Telemedicine
คณะอนุกรรมการพิจารณาแนวทางการใช้สื่อสารสนเทศทางการแพทย์ของผู้ประกอบวิชาชีพเวชกรรม แพทยสภา (2560-2561) (ยังไม่ใช่ Official Position)
47. • ความจาเป็นในการแก้ไข พรบ.วิชาชีพเวชกรรม หรือกฎหมาย
อื่นๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง หรือออก พรบ. Telemedicine ยังไม่ชัดเจน
แต่มีความพยายามที่จะหารือกันระหว่างหน่วยงานต่างๆ
• Telemedicine Providers เริ่มเปิดให้บริการแล้ว ต้อง
monitor case ร้องเรียน หรือปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้น
Next Steps on Telemedicine
คณะอนุกรรมการพิจารณาแนวทางการใช้สื่อสารสนเทศทางการแพทย์ของผู้ประกอบวิชาชีพเวชกรรม แพทยสภา (2560-2561) (ยังไม่ใช่ Official Position)