Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicinal Plants

Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicinal Plants
IJPBCS
Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some
Medicinal Plants
1*
Dadi Tolessa Lemma and 2
Damtew Abewoy
Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center, P.o.box 198, Shashemene,
Ethiopia
Corresponding Author:
1
Email: daditolessa2003@gmail.com, Tele phone: +251 91 220 9334
Co-Author
2
Email: damtewabewoy@gmail.com, Tele phone: +251 92 158 2397
Medicinal plants are nutrient demanding plants for normal growth and to produce higher yield.
The aim of this review is to assess and indicate the role of plant nutrients both organic and
inorganic in some medicinal plants. Inorganic and/or organic fertilizers are needed to meet
inadequate soil nutrients and the declining of soil fertility as a result of continuous cultivation.
Maintaining soil organic matter concentration above the threshold level is critical for improving
soil quality. A careful combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is widely recognized
strategy of integrated nutrient management to sustain agronomic productivity and improve soil
fertility. The effects of organic fertilization and combined use of chemical and organic fertilizer
on crop growth and soil fertility depend on the application rates and the nature of fertilizers
used. Interestingly, applications of organic fertilizers to plants have been reported to increase
the presence of bioactive compounds and antioxidants in them. On the other hand, inorganic
fertilizers are crucial to increase the yield of medicinal plants like roselle within a short period
of time. Most of the research conducted in plant nutrient demand for medicinal plants reported
that integrated nutrient management for continuous and sustainable production of medicinal
crop is necessary to gain quality products.
Keywords: Inorganic fertilizer, Medicinal plants, Nutrient management, Organic fertilizer, Roselle
INTRODUCTION
For plants to grow healthily and have optimal yield, there
must be the availability of soil nutrients in a correct
quantity, proportion and in a usable form at the
appropriate time (Ibrahim et al., 2013). In meeting these
conditions, chemical (inorganic) and/or organic fertilizers
are needed to make up for the inadequate soil nutrients
and the declining soil fertility as a result of continuous
cultivation by farmers. Conservative estimates report 30
to 50% of crop yields are attributed to natural or synthetic
commercial fertilizer (Stewart et al., 2005).
Fertilizers are usually applied to soil for increasing or
maintaining crop yields to meet the increasing demand
for food (Haynes and Naidu, 1998). Application of
inorganic fertilizers results in higher soil organic matter
(SOM) accumulation and biological activity due to
increased plant biomass production and organic matter
return to the soil in the form of decaying roots, litter and
crop residues (Hati et al., 2007). Addition of SOM
enhances soil organic carbon (SOC) content, which is an
important indicator of soil quality and crop productivity
(Hati et al., 2007).
Fertilizer applications could affect soil physical properties
directly or indirectly such as aggregate stability, water
holding capacity, porosity, infiltration rate, hydraulic
conductivity and bulk density due to increases in soil
organic matter and soil organic content (Haynes and
Naidu, 1998). The SOM components such as humic
molecules and polysaccharides increased aggregate
stability by binding mineral particles into aggregates and
reduced their susceptibility to erosion by wind or water. In
turn, the formation of stable aggregates enhances
physical protection of SOM against microbial
International Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science
Vol. 8(1), pp. 1016-1024, March, 2021. © www.premierpublishers.org, ISSN: 2167-0449
Review Article

Dadi and Damtew 1017
decomposition (Six et al., 1998). Fertilizer additions also
affect the chemical composition of soil solution which can
be responsible for dispersion/flocculation of clay particles
and thus, affects the soil aggregation stability (Haynes
and Naidu, 1998). Beneficial effects of increasing SOM
concentration on enhancing soil structural stability have
been widely documented (Barzegar et al., 1997; Dexter,
1988). Reduction in SOM can degrade soil quality and
fertility resulting in reduced agronomic productivity. The
SOM lowered the soil bulk density (Bronick and Lal,
2005) and compaction (Dexter, 1988), resulting in
increased total porosity and water infiltration rate (Ndiaye
et al., 2005).
Continuous cultivation of crops has resulted in a
reduction in SOC and soil physical properties in general
(Bhattacharyya et al., 2007). Maintaining SOM
concentration above the threshold level is critical for
improving soil quality. A judicious combination of organic
amendments and inorganic fertilizers is widely
recognized strategy of integrated nutrient management
(INM) to sustain agronomic productivity and improve soil
fertility (Kaur et al., 2008). Fertilizer applications and crop
rotation can regulate carbon (C) cycling dynamics and
soil C storage through its effects on biological activity in
soil and the amount and quality of residue returned to the
soil. Crop productivity can be enhanced by increases in
SOC concentration in soils with a clay content lower than
20 percent and in soils of sandy-loam and loamy-sand
(Ghimire et al., 2011). It is difficult to detect changes in
SOC in short term due to slow formation of SOM (Malhi
et al., 2011). Long-term experiments can be more useful
for studying the changes in soil properties and processes
over time and for obtaining information on the
sustainability of agricultural systems for developing future
strategies to maintain soil health (Haynes and Naidu,
1998).
Adequate fertilization programs supply the amounts of
plant nutrients needed to sustain maximum net returns
(Bekeko, 2014). On the other hand, increasing costs of
chemical inputs have left farmers helpless, resulting in
decreasing seed quality of certain crops and resulting in
the fall of commodity prices and consequently reducing
farm income (Tung and Fernandez, 2007). In such
situation, the organic fertilizers play a major role in order
to achieve sustainable agriculture. Organic fertilizer is a
suitable source of macro and micronutrients (Taheri et
al., 2011). To increase the quality of crops, especially
medicinal and aromatic crops, organic fertilization are
better than chemical fertilizers. Many investigators have
pointed out the influence of organic manure by increasing
the growth, yield and essential oil production of aromatic
and medicinal plants (Arsham, 2013). Among organic
fertilizers, farmyard manure (FYM) is a valuable source of
nutrients and its yield increasing effect is well established
(Silvia et al., 2006).
However, organic inputs which are often proposed as
alternatives cannot meet crop nutrients demands for
large-scale production because of their relatively lower
nutrient release as compared to inorganic fertilizers and it
needs high application rates, high labor requirements,
and limited availability (Palm et al., 1997). The use of
farmyard manure alone may not fully satisfy nutrient
demand, especially in the year of application (Patel et al.,
2009). Soil fertility replenishment through the application
of mineral and organic fertilizer is the way to effectively
address these problems (Palm et al., 1997). Balemi
(2012) had also suggested integrated nutrient
management as an option to alleviate the problem and
satisfy the crop’s nutrient demand of potato. This scholar
also suggested that there should be a complete or partial
substitution of chemical fertilization by using organic
fertilizers which are economical for farmers. The wise use
of integrated organic and inorganic source of nutrients
minimizes the cost of chemical fertilizers and improves
the efficiency of added fertilizers and maintains soil
health besides supplying nutrient to crops for higher
productivity.
Responses of Medicinal Plants to Organic and
Inorganic Fertilizers
The beneficial effects of combined application of
chemical fertilizers with organic manures viz., farmyard
manure, compost, vermin-compost, poultry manure,
biofertilizers and many more of such materials are
universally known. A balanced application of both organic
and inorganic fertilizers with biofertilizers appears to be
an ideal proposition to meet nutrient requirements for
most of the horticultural crops like that of roselle, basil
and vegetables (Amiry et al., 2017). The effects of
organic fertilization and combined use of chemical and
organic fertilizer on crop growth and soil fertility depend
on the application rates and the nature of fertilizers used.
In general, the application rates of organic fertilizer
mostly are based on crop N need and estimated rates of
organic fertilizer N supply but do not consider the amount
of P and K provided with organic fertilizer. However, the
N/P ratio of organic fertilizer usually is significantly lower
than the N/P uptake ratio of the crop (Amiry et al., 2017).
The introduction of medicinal plants into cultivation is
borne out of the increasing global interest and expanding
market of herbal drugs. In addition to seeing to an
increase in the production of medicinal plants, the aspect
of the quality end product is very important (Nithiya et al.,
2015). Such quality is in turn determined by the presence
of secondary metabolites such as saponins, alkaloids,
tannins, steroids and phenolic compounds in plants.
Interestingly, applications of organic fertilizers to plants
have been reported to increase the presence of these
bioactive compounds and antioxidants in fleshed sweat
potato (Kaola et al., 2013).

Int J. Plant Breed Crop Sci. 1018
Responses of Roselle and Medicinal Plants to
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Inorganic fertilizers are used in modern agriculture to
correct known plant-nutrient deficiencies; to provide high
levels of nutrition, which aid plants in withstanding stress
conditions; to maintain optimum soil fertility conditions,
and to improve crop quality. Adequate fertilization
programmes supply the amounts of plant nutrients
needed to sustain maximum net returns (Leonard, 1986).
Akanbi et al. (2009) asserted that inorganic fertilizers can
improve roselle crop yields and soil pH, total nutrient
content, and nutrient availability, but their use is limited
due to scarcity, high cost, nutrient imbalance and soil
acidity.
Egharevba and Law-Ogbomo (2007) showed that yield of
roselle was more influenced by NPK compared to urea at
100 kg /ha. Other researchers reported that both nitrogen
and phosphorus are notable for the growth and yield of
the roselle plant, just as with most crop plants (Okosun et
al., 2006). Reports from Khetran (2016) noted that with
an increase of fertilizer applications, the number of
flowers increased accordingly, number of flowers
depicted in the presence of NPK fertilizers. Okra plants
continue flowering and vegetation growth simultaneously
as their finding indicates.
Many scholars studied the response of N to aromatic and
medicinal plants and get different results. The effects of N
fertilizer on yield and quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum
L.) were investigated by Arabaci and Bayram (2004) and
they found that intensive N fertilization increased the
amount of green herb yield and essential oil yield.
According to Ashraf et al. (2006), a field experiment was
conducted to study the effect of N fertilization level on the
content and composition of oil, essential oil and minerals
in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds. Sixty-three-day
old plants were supplied with varying levels of N, i.e., 0,
30, 60, and 90 kg N ha
-1
. The fixed oil content of the
seeds ranged from 32.7% to 37.8% and it remained
almost unchanged at the two higher external N regimes,
i.e., 60 and 90 kg N ha
-1
, but at 30 kg N ha
-1
the oil
content increased significantly; Increasing N rate did not
affect the content of nutrient content in the cumin seeds.
Akbarinia et al. (2007) indicated that with increasing of N
to 60 kg ha
-1
, there was a significant increase in coriander
(Coriandrum sativum L.) seed yield, but the highest
essential oil and fatty acids content was obtained with 90
kg N ha-1. Senthil Kumar et al. (2009) revealed that
application of N at 93.75 kg ha-1 gave the highest plant
height, number of laterals, fresh and dry weight of shoot,
dry matter production, fresh herbage yield of Davana
(Artemisia pallens Wall.). Hellal et al. (2011) indicated
that applying N fertilizer increased the growth, yield and
chemical constituents of dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
plant compared to the untreated control, the highest
values of vegetative growth and NPK content were
recorded by the treatment of 100 kg N ha
-1
. Nitrogen
improved the performance of more than 30 percent of
Geranium (Pelargonium) and other medicinal plants.
Application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the
production of secondary metabolites and percentage
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) increased dry matter
from 3 to 6 percent (Bullock, 1999). Also, the effect of
nitrogen on dry weight and percent Thymus kotschyanus
species was significant but left no significant impact on
the amount and percentage of oil (Nabizadeh et al.,
2012).
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on plant height, fresh
sepals and dry weight of sepals were studied by Keykha
et al. (2014) and the highest 150 kg N and 100 kg of P
per hectare treatments showed a significant difference
from the lowest application. Okosun (2006) reported that
calyx yield of roselle showed significant to the rates of
nitrogen and phosphorus; the highest yield per hectare
was 669 kg ha
-1
at 60 kg N ha
-1
and 720 kg ha
-1
at 30 kg
P ha
-1
. Calyx yield was also positively responded to the
combined analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus. Sajid et
al. (2012) reported that different levels of N and P
fertilizers affected a number of pods plant
-1
in okra.
According to their report maximum number of pods plant
-1
(10.69) were recorded in a plot that received 150 kg N
and 90 kg P ha
-1
, followed by 10.33 pods plant
-1
in 100 kg
N and 90 kg P ha
-1
, while a minimum number of pods
plant
-1
(5.33) were recorded in control plot. The highest
number of pods plant
-1
might be due to the vigor of the
plant and number of leaves by the application of
nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizers with farmyard
manure, while a smaller number of pods plant
-1
might be
due to the poor nutritional status of control treatment
(Khan et al., 2000). These results agree with the finding
of Sadat (2000) who reported that the number of pods
plant
-1
was significantly increased with the application of
N and P fertilizers.
Giginyu and Fagbayide (2009) conducted a research on
two cultivars of roselle namely deep red and pure white
tested against five levels of N and analyzed data showed
that plant height increased with increased level of N,
number of leaves responded better to 30 kg N/ha, overall
response of branches was highest at 60 kg N/ha. The
overall effect of nitrogen on the leaf and its components
showed that leaf area index was induced by 60 kg N/ha
while stem girth decreased from 0 to 10 cm above the
ground surface but significant differences at 60 kg N + 50
kg P/ha across the cultivars were recorded. The optimum
and highest seed yields of 690.0 (deep red) and 550.0
(pure white) kg/ha were recorded from 60 kg N + 50 kg
P/ha respectively.
Responses of roselle to organic fertilizers
To increase the quality of crops especially medicinal and
aromatic crops, organic fertilization is better than mineral
fertilizers. Organic agriculture is a quality standard to be
matched well by small farmers (Abou El-Fadl et al.,

1990). It is suggested that there should be complete or
partial substitution of mineral fertilization (NPK) by using
of organic and bio-fertilizers which are sure and
economical to farmers. Many investigators have pointed
out the influence of organic manure by increasing the
growth and yield of roselle (Ezz-Eldin and Abd-Elmoaz,
1998), Anise (Safwat et al., 2001) and Fennel (Badran
and Safwat, 2004).
Soil organic amendments such as bio-slurry and
composts are valuable sources of plant nutrients,
particularly N (Takahashi et al., 2010). Organic
amendments such as bio-slurry provide essential nutrition
to crops through their decomposition and may also act as
soil conditioners (Cameron et al., 2004). Most developing
countries are trying to get rid of expensive chemical
fertilizers, especially N, by supplementing them with
some organic based sources. Plants on poultry manure
supplemented media (40 t/ha) produced flower buds that
were larger than those of the plants receiving synthetic
fertilizer and the control. Plants on manure supplemented
media flowered earlier than for the other treatments
(Anyinkeng and Mih, 2011). Plants in media with manure
flowered early because the vigorous and rapid growth of
plants caused tap roots to become restricted by the
bonsai effect. Similar effects have been recorded for
Gossypium spp (Ben-Porath and Baker, 1990).
Ahmed et al. (1998) studied the effect of active dry yeast
and farmyard chicken and animal manure on roselle
plants and found that farmyard chicken significantly
improved growth yield of calyces and active substance.
Nabila and Aly (2002) found that dressing both chicken
manure and animal manure enhanced plant height, the
number of branches and fruits, mass production of the
plants, fresh and dry weights of sepals per plant. They
also added that the total and soluble carbohydrates in the
sepals, as well as ascorbic acid, positively responded all
treatments. The organic farmyard manure enhanced
roselle plant growth, fruit, and sepal yield (Locke et al.,
2000). The vegetative growth parameters, as well as the
sepal yield of roselle plant, were increased when seeds
were inoculated with Rhizobium and Azotobacter
(Hassan, 2009) or nitro-bin which a bio-source of nitrogen
(Shaalan et al., 2001). Inoculation of seeds with
Azotobacter and Azospirillum in the presence of cattle
manure resulted in improving both growth and yield.
Gendy (2012) reported that application of cattle manure
fertilizer tended to a significant increase in fruit
number/plant compared to control plants. The response
of the dry weight of sepals/plant and dry weight of sepal’s
yield, to cattle manure fertilization, behaved similarly as
that of the fruits number. Sufficient cattle manure
application can be supplied N requirement of roselle and
it can improve soil physical and chemical features,
especially, nutrient retention, in the poor and infertile
soils. In part, this may be associated with the release of
nitrogen in the applied organic material which can
improve roselle soil nutrient availability and soil biological
activity.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Manures
Combination on Roselle and Medicinal Plants
Other than the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers
separately, there are mixed fertilizers or integrated plant
nutrient systems (IPNS) where organic fertilizer is
combined with inorganic fertilizer for soil improvement
and higher yield. This reduces the dependency and
needs for a higher amount of inorganic fertilizer in crop
production. Organic fertilizers contain macro and micro-
nutrients, vitamins, growth promoting factors indole 3-
acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), and beneficial
microorganisms (Sreenivasa et al., 2010) and they
increase production in ways similar to inorganic fertilizers
(Maske et al., 2015).
Several studies have reported that FYM plus inorganic N
applications in irrigated systems resulted in reduced bulk
density, higher SOC and hydraulic conductivity and
improved soil structure and microbial communities
(Bhattacharyya et al., 2007). Application of balanced NP
along with low amounts of FYM is an alternative solution
to maintain the soil C levels under limited manure
availability (Srinivasarao et al., 2012). However,
application of FYM to maintain the soil C level may not be
economical in the short term in the absence of
compensating for C sequestration (Matthews and
Pilbeam, 2005). In this situation application of inorganic
fertilizer may be economical for farmers.
The application of organic manure can minimize the
negative effect of the continuous application of inorganic
fertilizer to crops. Organic manure helps to maintain soil
C levels (Hemalatha and Chellamuthu, 2013;
Srinivasarao et al., 2012), which minimizes N losses from
the cropping system while increasing the sustainability of
the system. Furthermore, Hemalatha and Chellamuthu
(2013) found that application of FYM with NP increased
the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil, possibly
due to the buildup of soil humus by FYM. Matthews and
Pilbeam (2005) observed that application of FYM
reduced the decline in rates of soil C and N compared to
the application of inorganic fertilizer alone.
Akanbi et al. (2009) also evaluated the effect of inorganic
fertilizer, organic manure, and the combination of both on
growth, calyx yield, and quality of roselle. Their results
revealed that the combination of inorganic together with
mineral fertilizers was more efficient than either organic
or inorganic fertilizer alone. They stated that the use of
5.0 t /ha cassava peel compost plus with 150 kg /ha NPK
resulted in the highest fresh calyx yield (22.2 t/ ha) and
increased contents of essential proximate and nutritional
quality of roselle calyx. Sakr et al. (2014) also stated that
fertilization treatments significantly enhanced height, the
number of branches, leaf area, root length, fresh and dry
weights of leaves and roots of roselle. Okosun (2006)

reported that the 20 kg N/ha did enhance the number of
fruits and seed/fruit. Furthermore, Haruna et al. (2011)
found that the application of 60 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer
and 5 tons/ha of poultry manure significantly increased
calyx yield and profitability of roselle. Oyewole and Mera
(2010) observed that of the calyx, pod and seed
production, the application of manure at 7.5 tons/ha or
nitrogen at 75 kg/ha gave the best yield. Anyinkeng and
Mih (2011) concluded that 20 tons of poultry manure
significantly increased growth, biomass and economic
yield of roselle. Also, they had reported it has a significant
effect on the harvest index (calyx plus seed yield).
Additionally, Babatunde (2001) observed increases in
calyx yield as a result of manure or nitrogen fertilizer
application, attributing such development to improved
crop photosynthetic ability, as a result of good vegetative
growth. Timothy and Futuless (2013) suggested that the
use of 150 kg N/ha can give higher yield determining
parameters. According to Arsham (2013), roselle that
received a high level of organic manure treatments
produced the highest values of the calyx in comparison
with mineral treatments. He obtained the highest value of
calyx yield by using hen manure (20 t/ha) + ostrich
manure (20 t/ ha) with 1606 kg per ha (dry weight), but
the lowest value was obtained with (NPK recommended;
150, 100 and 100 kg/ ha + cattle manure; 20 t/ ha) having
886 kg/ ha (dry weight). Dadi et al. (2019) reported that
highest mean fresh calyx yield per hectare (11.18 t) was
obtained in roselle plants received 69/30 kg ha
-1
of NP
combined with 15 t ha
-1
of FYM. Akanbi et al. (2009) also
reported that application of 5 t ha
-1
cassava peel compost
(CPC) with 150 kg ha-1 NPK seemed to contain sufficient
amount of nutrients to increase the yield. Haruna et al.
(2011) found that the application of 60 kg ha
-1
of nitrogen
fertilizer and 5 tons ha
-1
of poultry manure significantly
increased calyx yield and profitability of roselle.
According to their report fresh calyx yield was increased
from 2.64 t ha
-1
to 9.96 t ha
-1
as compared to unfertilized
roselle plant.
Gibbon and Pain (1985) reported that roselle responded
satisfactorily to moderate level of nitrogen fertilizer.
Similarly, Selim et al. (1993) reported that nitrogen
fertilizer increased calyx yield of roselle. Mahran et al.
(1978) reported increased calyx with nitrogen application.
Okosun (2006) also reported a positive response of calyx
yield to nitrogen application. The increase in calyx yield of
roselle as a result of nitrogen application may be
attributed to an increase in photosynthetic area exhibited
as a result of good vegetative growth.
CONCLUSIONS
In many countries continuous cultivation with
inappropriate farming practices has resulted in severe
depletion of nutrients and soil organic matter, seriously
threatening agricultural production. Thus, the decline in
soil fertility is one of the major challenges to crop
production. Therefore, different soil management
practices such as the application of organic fertilizers in
combination with inorganic fertilizers are needed to
address these problems.
Generally, concerning crop nutrient requirements many
scholars did field experiments and suggested different
recommendations depending on soil fertility status and
crop nature. Also, many studies have been conducted on
the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers for roselle
plant in many countries and came with different rates of
fertilizer recommendations. The reports from many
findings indicated that growth and yield components of
Hibiscus and medicinal plants were influenced by
fertilizer rates than unfertilized plots. So, there is need to
test different organic and inorganic fertilizers for growth
and yield of different medicinal plants under different
agro-ecologies.
REFERENCES
Abou El-Fadl I.A., M. Abou-Baker, El-Gamal A.M (1990).
Effect of Different Organic Manure Composts on
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Plants and Soil
Characteristics. Agric. Res. Rev. 68(5): 1077-
1087.
Ahmed S.K., E.O. El-Ghawas, and Aly A.F (1998). Effect
of Dry Yeast and Organic Manure on Roselle
Plant. Egypt. J. of Agric. and Reclamation. 76 (3):
1115-1142.
Akanbi W.B., A.B. Olaniyan, A.O. Togun, A.E. Ilupeju and
Olaniran O.A (2009). The Effect of Organic and
Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Calyx Yield and
Quality of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.)
American-Eurasian J. of Sustainable Agri. 3(4):
652-657.
Akbarinia A., D. Jahanfar and Beygifarzad M (2007).
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density on
Seed Yield, Essential Oil and Fixed Oil Content
of Coriandrum sativum L. Int J. Med. Arom.
Plants. 22 (34): 410-419.
Amiry M.N., M. Anjanappa and Ibaad M.H (2017).
Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on
Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes of Okra
(Abelmoschus esculentus Moench.) C.V. Arka
Anamika under Drip Irrigation. Int. J. Pure App.
Biosci. 5(6): 703-707.
Anyinkeng N. and Mih A.M (2011). Soil Nutrient
Supplementation on Growth, Biomass Production
of Roselle Under Tropical Condition. Agric. Biol.
J. N. 2:603-609.
Arabaci O. and Bayram E (2004). The Effect of Nitrogen
Fertilization and Plant Densities of Some
Agronomic and Technologic Characteristics of
Ocimum basilicum L. (Basil). J Agron. 3(4): 255-
262.
Arsham A (2013). Effect of Mineral and Organic
Fertilizers on the Growth and Calyx Yield of
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Int. J. of
Manures and Fertilizers. 2 (12): 434-436.

Ashraf M., Q. Ali, and Iqbal Z (2006). Effect of Nitrogen
Application Rate on the Content and Composition
of Oil, Essential Oil and Minerals in Black Cumin
(Nigella sativa L.) seeds. J. Sci. Food Agri. C. 60:
871-876.
Babatunde F.E (2001). The response to Red variant
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to Some
Agronomic Practices. Ph.D. Abubakar Tafawa
Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Badran F.S. and Safwat M.S (2004). The response of
Fennel Plants to Organic Manure and Bio-
fertilizers in Replacement of Chemical
Fertilization. Egypt. J. Agric. Res. 82(2): 247-
256.
Balemi T (2012). Effect of Integrated Use of Cattle
Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers on Tuber Yield
of Potato
in Ethiopia. J. of Soil Sci. and Plant Nutrition. 12
(2): 253-261.
Barzegar A.R., P.N. Nelson, J.M. Oades and Rengasamy
P (1997). Organic Matter, Sodicity, and Clay
Type: Influence on Soil Aggregation. Soil Sci.
Soc. Am. J. 61: 1131–1137.
Bekeko Z (2014). Effect of Enriched Farmyard Manure
and Inorganic Fertilizers on Grain Yield and
Harvest Index of Hybrid Maize (BH-140) at Chiro,
Eastern Ethiopia. Afr. J. of Agricultural Res. 9 (7):
663-669.
Ben-Porath A., and Baker D.M (1990). Taproot
Restriction Effects on Growth, Earliness and Dry
Weight Partitioning of Cotton. Crop Sci. 30: 809–
814.
Bhattacharyya R., S. Chandra, R. Singh, S. Kundu, A.
Srivastava and Gupta H (2007). Long-Term
Farmyard Manure Application Effects on
Properties of a Silty Clay Loam Soil Under
Irrigated Wheat-soybean Rotation. Soil Till. Res.
94: 386-396.
Bronick C.J. and Lal R (2005). Soil Structure and
Management: A review. Geoderma. 124: 3-22.
Bullock J (1999). Proposal for Gaining Information on
Producing Tanacetum (feverfew) as a High Dollar
Perennial Crop, North Carolina state university
publication, pp. 10.
Cameron E., N. How, S. Saggar, Ross C (2004). The
Cost-benefits of Applying Biosolid Compost for
Vegetable, Fruit, and Maize/sweet Corn
Production Systems in New Zealand. Landcare
Research, Science Series 27. Lincoln, New
Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press.
Dadi Tolessa Lemma, Amsalu Nebiyu and Ashenafi
Nigussie (2019). Growth and Yield of Roselle as
Influenced by Farmyard Manure and Inorganic
Fertilizers. World J. Agric. Sci., 15 (4): 254-260.
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjas.2019.254.260
Dexter A. (1988). Advances in Characterization of Soil
Structure. Soil Till. Res. 11: 199-238.
Egharevba R.K.A and Law-Ogbomo K.E (2007).
Comparative Effects of Two Nitrogen Sources on
the Growth and Yield of Roselle (Hibiscus
sabdariffa. L) in the Rainforest Region: A case
study of Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria. J. Agron.
6(1): 142-146.
Ezz-Eldin A, Abd-Elmoaz MR (1998). Productivity of
roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa, L.) plants under
organic fertilization treatments. Sec. Conf.
Ornam. Hort. Ismailia, Egypt
Farmyard Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers. World J.
Agric. Sci., 15 (4): 254-260. DOI:
10.5829/idosi.wjas.2019.254.260
Gendy A.S., A. Said-Al and Abeer A.M (2012). Growth,
Productivity and Chemical Constituents of
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Plants as
Influenced by Cattle Manure and Biofertilizers
Treatments. Aust. J. Basic & Appl. SCI. 6(5): 1-
12
Ghimire R., K.R. Adhikari, Z.S. Chen, S.C. Shah and
Dahal K.R (2011). Soil Organic Carbon
Sequestration as Affected by Tillage, Crop
Residue, and Nitrogen Application in Rice-Wheat
Rotation System. Paddy Water Environ. 10: 95-
102.
Gibbon D. and Adam, P (1985). Crops of Drier Regions
of the Tropics. Longman Groups Limited,
London, pp. 61-62.
Giginyu B.M. and Fagbayied J.A (2009). Effect of
Nitrogen Fertiliser on the Growth and Calyx Yield
of Two Cultivars of Roselle in Northern Guinea
Savanna. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 4 (2): 66-71.
Haruna I.M., H.Y. Ibrahim and Rahman S.A (2011). The
Yield and Profitability of Roselle (Hibiscus
sabdariffa L.) at varying Poultry Manure and
Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates in the Southern Guinea
Savanna of Nigeria. J. of Agri. Tech. 7: 605-609.
Hassan F (2009). The Response of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.
Plant to Some Biofertilization Treatments. Annals
Agric. Sci. Ain Shams Univ. Cairo. 54(2): 437-
446.
Hati K.M., A. Swarup, A. Dwivedi, A. Misra and
Bandyopadhyay K (2007). Changes in Soil
Physical Properties and Organic Carbon Status
at the Topsoil Horizon of a Vertisol of Central
India after 28 years of Continuous Cropping,
Fertilization, and Manuring. Agric. Ecosyst.
Environ. 119: 127-134.
Haynes R. and Naidu R (1998). Influence of Lime,
Fertilizer and Manure Applications on Soil
Organic Matter Content and Soil Physical
Conditions: A review. Nutr. Cycle. Agroecosys.
51: 123-137.
Hellal F.A., S.A. Mahfouz and Hassan F.A.S (2011).
Partial Substitution of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer
by Bio-fertilizer on (Anethum graveolens L.)
Plant. Agri Biol J North Amer. 4: 652-660.
Hemalatha S. and Chellamuthu S (2013). Impacts of
Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Nutritional Quality
Under Finger Millet: Maize Cropping Sequence.
J. Environ. Res. Dev. 7: 1571–1576.

Ibrahim M.H., H.Z.E. Jaafar, E. Karimi and Gbasemzadeh
A (2013). Impact of Organic and Inorganic
Fertilizers Application on the Phytochemical and
Antioxidant Activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia
pumila Benth). Molecules. 18: 10973-10988.
Kaola M., H. Hema, K. Some, A. Sereme, J. Belem and
Nacro M (2013). Effects of Organic and Inorganic
Fertilizers on Total Antioxidant, Polyphenolic and
Carotenoid Contents of Organic Fleshed Sweet
Potato Tubers. Journal of Natural Sciences
Research. 3(6): 23-30.
Kaur T., B.S. Brar and Dhillon N (2008). Soil Organic
Matter Dynamics as Affected by Long-term Use
of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Under Maize-
Wheat Cropping System. Nutr. Cycle.
Agroecosys. 81: 59-69.
Khan H., M. Khan, K. Rasul, A. Majeed and Safi F.A
(2000). Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen
Alone and in Combination with Constant Doses
of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and
Yield of Okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) Cv. T-13
Under Agro-climatic Conditions of Mingora, Swat.
Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 3 (12): 2101-2104.
Keykha A., H.R. Ganjali and Mobasse H.R (2014). Effect
of Phosphate Fertilizer Under Different Levels of
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on Plant
Height, Secondary Branches and other Attributes
Hibiscus tea. Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. 3(1): 87-90.
Khetran R., A.M Kasi, S.H. Agha, S. Fahmid and Ali J
(2016). Effect of Different Doses of NPK
Fertilizers on Growth of Okra (Abelmoschus
esculentus (L) Moench). Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol.
Sci. 3(10): 213-218.
Leonard D (1986). Soil, Crop, and Fertilizer Use: A Field
Manual for Development Workers. Under
Contract with Peace Corps. 4th edition revised
and expanded. United State Peace Corps.
Information collection and exchange.
Locke J.M., J.H. Bryce and Morris P.C (2000).
Contrasting Effects of Ethylene Perception and
Biol-synthesis Inhibitors on Germination and
Seedling Growth of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
J. Exp. Bot. 51: 1843-1849.
Mahran G.H., El-Hossary, G.A. and El-Laban, H.M
(1978). The effect of nutrient elements on the
growth and yield of Hibiscus sabdariffa Planta
Medica 33: 293-294.
Malhi S., M. Nyborg, T. Goddard and Puurveen D (2011).
Long-term Tillage, Straw Management and N
Fertilization Effects on Quantity and Quality of
Organic C and N in a Black Chernozem Soil.
Nutr. Cycle. Agroecosys. 90: 227-241.
Maske S.N., G.R. Munde and Maske N.M (2015). Effect
of Manures and Fertilizer on Brinjal (Solanum
melongena L.) cv. Krishna. Bioinfolet. 12: 678-
679.
Matthews R.B. and Pilbeam C (2005). Modeling the
Long-term Productivity and Soil Fertility of
Maize/millet Cropping Systems in the Mid-hills of
Nepal. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 1(11): 119-139.
Nabila Y.N. and Aly M.S (2002). Variations in Productivity
of (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Response to Some
Agricultural Supplementation. Annals of Agric.
Sci. (Cairo), Faculty of Agric. Ain Shams Univ.
Cairo, Egypt., 47 (3):875-892.
Nabizadeh E., H. Habibi and Hosainpour M (2012). The
effect of Fertilizers and Biological Nitrogen and
Planting Density on Yield Quality and Quantity
Pimpinella anisum L. Euro. J. Exp. Bio.,
2(4):1326-1336.
Ndiaye B., J. Molénat, V. Hallaire, C. Gascuel, and
Hamon Y (2005). Effects of Agricultural Practices
on Hydraulic Properties and Water Movement in
Soils in Brittany (France). Soil Till. Res. 93, 251-
263.
Nithiya T., J. Alphonse and Ligoriya M (2015). Effect of
Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth,
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of
Solanum nigrum. L. World Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 4(5): 808-822.
Okosun L.A (2006). The Effect of Nitrogen and
Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Roselle
(Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa L.) in Semi-
arid Agro-ecology of Nigeria. J. Plant Sci., 1: 154-
160.
Oyewole C.I. and Mera M (2010). The Response of
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to Rate of
Inorganic and Farmyard Fertilizers in the Sudan
Savannah Ecological Zone of Nigeria. African
Journal of Agricultural Research. 5: 2305-2309.
Palm C.A., R.J.K. Myers, and Nandwa S.M (1997).
Combined Use of Organic and Inorganic Nutrient
Sources for Soil Fertility Maintenance and
Replenishment in Buresh R.J., Sanchez, P.A.,
and Calhoun, F. (Eds.) Replenishing Soil Fertility
in Africa. Soil Science Society of America,
Madison, Wis., 193-217.
Patel J.R., J.B. Patel, P.N. Upadhyay, and Usadadia V.P
(2009). The Effect of Various Agronomic
Practices on the Yield of Chicory (Cichorium
intybus). Journal of Agricultural Science, 135:
271-278.
Sadat M.S.I (2000). Studies on the Effects of Different
Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium
on the Growth Yield and Seed Production of Okra
(Abelmoschus esculentus L.). M S. Thesis, Dept.
of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agri. Univ.,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Safwat M.S., FS. Badran and Zayed G.A (2001). The
response of Anise Plants to Different Organic and
Biofertilization Treatments. The 10 Conf. of
Medicinal and Aromatic plants, Cairo, Egypt.
Sajid M., M.A. Khan, A. Rab, S.N.M. Shah, M. Arif, I. Jan,
Z. Hussain and Mukhtiar M (2012). Impact of
Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Seed Yield and
Yield Components of Okra Cultivars. J. Anim.
Plant Sci. 22(3): 704-707.

Selim S.M.A., Rokba, A.M. Hassan, M.R. and Hussain,
M.A (1993). Effect of sowing dates, nitrogenous
and potassium fertilization on roselle plant.
Egypt. J. Hort 20: 87-96.
Senthil Kumar T., V. Swaminathan and Kumar S (2009).
Influence of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and
Biofertilizers on Growth, Yield and Essential Oil
Constituents in Raton Crop of Davana (Artemisia
pallens Wall.). Elec J Environ Agric. Food Chem.
8(2): 86-95.
Shaalan M.N., T.A. Abd El Latif, S.G. Soliman and El-
Ghawas (2001). Effect of Some Chemical and
Bio-fertilizer Treatments on Roselle Plants
(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Egypt J. Agric. Res., 79:
587-606.
Silvia P.S.L., J. Silva, F.H.T. Olivera, A.K.F. Sousa and
Duda G.P (2006). Residual Effects of Cattle
Manure Application on Green Ear Yield and Corn
Grain Yield. Horticultura Brasileira, 24: 166-169
Six J., E. Elliott, K. Paustian and Doran J (1998).
Aggregation and Soil Organic Matter
Accumulation in Cultivated and Native Grassland
Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 62: 1367-1377.
Sreenivasa M.N., M.N. Nagaraj, M.N. Bhat and
Beejamruth S.N (2010). A Source for Beneficial
Bacteria. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci. 17: 72-77.
Srinivasarao C., B. Venkateswarlu, R. Lal, A.K. Singh, S.
Kundu, K.P.R. Vittal, B.K. Ramachandrappa and
Gajanan G.N (2012). Long-term Effects of Crop
Residues and Fertility Management on Carbon
Sequestration and Agronomic Productivity of
Groundnut Finger Millet Rotation on an Alfisol in
Southern India. Int. J. Agric. Sustain. 10: 230-
244.
Stewart W.M., D.W. Dibb, A.E. Johnston and Smyth T.J
(2005). The Contribution of Commercial Fertilizer
Nutrients to Food Production. Agron. J. 97: 1-6.
Taheri N., S.A.H. Heidari, K. Yousefi and Mousavi S.R
(2011). Effect of Organic Manure with
Phosphorus and Zinc on a Yield of Seed Potato.
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied
Sciences. 5:775-780.
Takahashi T., H. Inagaki, T. Fukushima, T. Oishi and
Matsuno K (2010). Increasing Nitrate Removal at
Low Temperatures by Incorporating Organic
Matter in to Paddy Fields. Soil Sci Plant Nutr. 56:
163-167.
Timothy E. and Futuless K.N (2013). Influence of Sowing
Date and Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on
the Performance of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa
L.) in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria. Research
and Reviews: Journal of Agriculture and Allied
Sciences. 3(1): 5-8.
Tung L.D. and Fernandez P.G (2007). Yield and Seed
Quality of Modern and Traditional Soybean
(Glycine max) Under Organic, Biodynamic and
Chemical Production Practices in the Mekong
Delta of Vietnam. Omonrice. 15:75-85.
Accepted 2 February 2021
Citation: Dadi T.L and Damtew A (2021). Role of
Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of
Some Medicinal Plants. International Journal of Plant
Breeding and Crop Science, 8(1): 1016-1023.
Copyright: © 2021: Dadi and Damtew. This is an open-
access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author and source are cited.

Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicinal Plants

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicinal Plants

Similar to Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicinal Plants (20)

More from Premier Publishers

More from Premier Publishers (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Role of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Performance of Some Medicinal Plants