2. MEANING OF RESEARCH
Asking the
Question
Identifying the
important factors
Formulating
hypotheses
Collecting relevant
information
Testing the
hypotheses
Working with the
hypotheses
Reconsidering
the theory
Asking new
Questions
3. OBJECTIVES/ PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
1. Exploration
2. Description
3. Causal Explanation
4. Prediction
4. SCIENTIFIC BASED OF RESEARCH
Research
General
Approach
Observation
Reporting
Concepts
Instruments
Measurement
Hypotheses
Attitude
Non-scientific Method
Intuitive
Casual, uncontrolled
Biased, subjective
Ambiguous, with surplus
meanings
Inaccurate, imprecise
Not valid or reliable
Un-testable
Uncritical, accepting
Scientific Method
Empirical
Systematic, controlled
Unbiased, objective
Clear definitions,
operational specificity
Accurate, precise
Valid and reliable
Testable
Critical, skeptical
5. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
It is systematic
It is logical
Good research is empirical
Good research is replicable
6. STEPS IN CONDUCTING A RESEARCH
Selecting and Defining
Problem
Describing Methodology of
Research
Collecting Data
Analyzing Data And
Interpreting Results
8. Research Report
Interpretation of Data
Analysis of Data
Collection of Data
Research Design
Formulation of a Hypothesis (Where feasible)
Review of Literature
Identification and Formulation of a Research Problem